2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16362
    Omtriptolide sodium
    		Inducer
    Omtriptolide sodium (PG490-88Na) is a derivative of Triptolide (HY-32735). Omtriptolide sodium exhibits significant immunosuppressive, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of Omtriptolide sodium is diverse, including inhibiting T cell activation and proliferation, inducing T cell apoptosis (apoptosis), blocking fibroblast maturation/proliferation, inhibiting TGF-β mRNA expression, and suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) by blocking transcription factors such as NF-κB. Omtriptolide sodium can be used for research on obstructive airway diseases, pulmonary fibrosis and graft-versus-host disease.
    Omtriptolide sodium
  • HY-170648
    TS-IN-5
    		Activator
    TS-IN-5 (Compound 15) is a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor. TS-IN-5 induces Apoptosis by modulating Bax, BCL-2, PI3K, and STAT1 proteins. TS-IN-5 shows antitumor effects against liver, breast and colon cancers.
    TS-IN-5
  • HY-178132
    Apoptosis inducer 46
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 46 is an apoptosis inducer. Apoptosis inducer 46 exhibits potent and selective growth inhibitory effects on metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Apoptosis inducer 46 induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, and blocks NF-κB nuclear translocation. Apoptosis inducer 46 can be used for the study of TNBC.
    Apoptosis inducer 46
  • HY-B0347S3
    Lacidipine-13C4
    		Inhibitor
    Lacidipine-13C4 is 13C labeled Lacidipine (HY-B0347). Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-171184
    EAPB0503
    		Activator
    EAPB0503 is a quinoline compound with anti-tumor activity, showing strong cytotoxicity against melanoma cells in vitro (IC50=200 nM). EAPB0503 can induce specific cell cycle arrest in mitosis of CML cells and directly activate apoptosis, leading to an increase in the G0 cell population, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. EAPB0503 also reduces the levels of BCR-ABL protein .
    EAPB0503
  • HY-182469
    FuBIG
    		Inhibitor
    FuBIG is an iminoguanidine derivative with neuroprotective effects. FuBIGL inhibits L-LDH activation and reduces lactate production. FuBIGL exerts protective effects on inflammatory nerve cells, upregulates the expressions of AMPK, pAMPK and FOXO3, and activates the AMPK pathway in cells. FuBIG exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. FuBIG maintains mitochondrial membrane potential, alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, reduces ROS production, and relieves oxidative stress. FuBIG upregulates Bcl-2, downregulates Bax and Caspase-3, and inhibits cell apoptosis (apoptosis). FuBIG improves metabolic disorders in diabetic mice, decreases the levels of LDL-C, ALT and AST, and increases HDL-C level simultaneously. FuBIG can be used in the research of diabetic neuroinflammation.
    FuBIG
  • HY-163566
    Apoptosis inducer 18
    		Inducer
    Apoptosis inducer 18, a potent inducer of apoptosis, shows significant cytotoxicity to the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (IC50=0.559 μM). Apoptosis inducer 18 inhibits cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis by binding to DNA and causing damage, and by binding to the active site of CDK-2, interfering with its kinase activity. Apoptosis inducer 18 can be used in anti-breast cancer research.
    Apoptosis inducer 18
  • HY-N3711
    Dehydrocrenatine
    		Inducer
    Dehydrocrenatidine, a β-carboline alkaloid that can be isolated from Picrasma quassioides. Dehydrocrenatidine induces cell apoptosis by activates ERK and JNK. Dehydrocrenatidine inhibits invasion and migration of cancer cells, it also suppresses neuronal excitability to exert analgesic effects.
    Dehydrocrenatine
  • HY-P2496
    Endothelin 1 (swine, human), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled
    		Inhibitor
    Endothelin 1 (swine, human), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled is an Endothelin-1 conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (HY-D1304). Endothelin-1 is an endogenous vasoconstrictor and agonist of ETA/ETB receptor. Endothelin 1 (swine, human) exerts effects including promoting mitosis, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, and inhibiting apoptosis. Endothelin 1 (swine, human) induces inflammation and oxidative stress by activating the NF-κB pathway. Endothelin 1 (swine, human), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled is specifically designed for fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry or receptor localization studies, and can be used in research related to sepsis, atherosclerosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, cancer and congestive heart failure.
    Endothelin 1 (swine, human), Alexa Fluor 488-labeled
  • HY-N6681
    15-Acetoxyscirpenol
    		Inducer 99.35%
    15-acetoxyscirpenol, one of acetoxyscirpenol moiety mycotoxins (ASMs), strongly induces apoptosis and inhibits Jurkat T cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by activating other caspases independent of caspase-3.
    15-Acetoxyscirpenol
  • HY-13705
    NM-3
    NM-3 is an isocoumarin with antiarthritic and antiangiogenic effects. NM-3 is an orally active antiangiogenic agent with low toxicity.
    NM-3
  • HY-B1014S1
    Acenocoumarol-d4
    		Inducer
    Acenocoumarol-d4 is deuterium labeled Acenocoumarol (HY-B1014). Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant that functions as a Vitamin K antagonist. Acenocoumarol inhibits MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway, reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, activates Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Acenocoumarol induces apoptosis in cell A549, arrests cell cycle at S phase.
    Acenocoumarol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N9438R
    Lactucin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Lactucin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lactucin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lactucin is an anti-inflammatory agent. Lactucin induces cancer cell apoptosis. Lactucin also shows analgesic, anticancer and antimalarial activities[4].
    Lactucin (Standard)
  • HY-161992
    Nrf2 activator-11
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2 activator-11 (compound M11) is a Nrf2 activator with blood-brain permeability. Nrf2 activator-11 has anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-ferroptosis and anti-apoptosis. Nrf2 activator-11 can be used to study cerebral  ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury models.
    Nrf2 activator-11
  • HY-147898
    PI3K-IN-33
    		Inducer
    PI3K-IN-33 (Compound 6e) is a highly selective PI3K inhibitor with IC50 values of 11.73, 6.09 and 11.18 μM for PI3K-α、PI3K-β and PI3K-δ , respectively. PI3K-IN-33 arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. PI3K-IN-33 can be used in leukemia research.
    PI3K-IN-33
  • HY-172204
    SIRT-IN-7
    		Inducer
    SIRT-IN-7 (Compound 7ba) is a SIRT inhibitor. SIRT-IN-7 can inhibit the expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3, and increase the acetylation and activation of p53. SIRT-IN-7 can inhibit the proliferation, and induce apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells. SIRT-IN-7 has anti-tumor activity.
    SIRT-IN-7
  • HY-156164
    Thalidomide-5-NH-PEG2-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-NH-PEG2-NH2 hydrochloride is a Thalidomide (HY-14658)-based cereblon ligand that recruits CRBN proteins. Thalidomide-5-NH-PEG2-NH2 hydrochloride can be connected to the target protein ligand through a linker to form a PROTAC molecule. For example, THAL-SNS-032 (HY-123937).
    Thalidomide-5-NH-PEG2-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-145816
    JPS016
    		Inducer
    JPS016 is a class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) PROTAC inhibitor. JPS016 recruits the VHL E3 ligase (Ligands for E3 Ligase) to mediate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3. JPS016 reduces the viability of colon cancer cells and induces Apoptosis. JPS016 activates the PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial Autophagy pathway, enhances cardiomyocyte viability, alleviates mitochondrial damage, and reduces mitochondrial ROS production in cells. JPS016 is applicable to research related to colon cancer and sepsis cardiomyopathy.
    JPS016
  • HY-N3828
    epi-Eriocalyxin A
    		Activator
    epi-Eriocalyxin A (Epieriocalyxin A), a diterpenoid isolated from Isodon eriocalyx, induces colon cancer apoptosis. epi-Eriocalyxin A also inhibits ERK1/2 and JNK activation, which suppresses Bcl-2 expression.
    epi-Eriocalyxin A
  • HY-151625
    PARP-2-IN-3
    		Inducer
    PARP-2-IN-3 (Compound 12) is a potent PARP-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.07 μM. PARP-2-IN-3 induces apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cells. PARP-2-IN-3 shows appropriate predicted pharmacokinetic parameters and oral bioavailability.
    PARP-2-IN-3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity