Cat. No.: HY-N0565A

Doxycycline hydrochloride

Name: Doxycycline hydrochloride
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0565A
Price: 55.00 USD
Availability: InStock
Rating: 5 (202 reviews)

202 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 202 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active, broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that also functions as an MMP inhibitor, exhibiting antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antitumor activities. Doxycycline hydrochloride can bind to the classical binding site (CBS) within the mRNA decoding center of the 30S small subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome.Doxycycline hydrochloride blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits the degradation of the extracellular matrix through its interaction with zinc and calcium ions. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride can disrupt transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride can be used in research related to cancers—such as breast, prostate, and bladder cancer—as well as neurological disorders.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity : 99.99%
CAS No.: 10592-13-9
Formula: C₂₂H₂₅ClN₂O₈
Molecular Weight:480.90

Storage:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Doxycycline hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 10592-13-9

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Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Induced Disease Models
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (202)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Tetracycline

PI3K

Akt

MMP-8

MMP-9

30S subunit

All Antibiotic Isoforms :

All MMP Isoforms :

All Parasite Isoforms :

All Akt Isoforms :

All PI3K Isoforms :

In Vitro

Doxycycline (11.39 μM + MCF-7; 7.13 μM + MDA-MB-468; 72 h) hydrochloride significantly reduces the population of CD44⁺/CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells^[2].
Doxycycline (11.39 μM+MCF-7; 7.13 μM+MDA-MB-468; 72 h) hydrochloride significantly downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of stem cell markers (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, CD44) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells^[2].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 5 d) hydrochloride increases the colony formation efficiency of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (H9, HSF6, H1, H7, HUES6) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (retrovirus-derived, lentivirus-derived, protein-induced lines), and elevates the number of colonies expressing undifferentiated markers under various culture conditions^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 5 d) hydrochloride promotes the survival and proliferation of H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESC) more effectively than Y-27632 (HY-10071), resulting in larger cell colonies, a higher proportion of undifferentiated AP⁺ cells, as well as downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes and upregulated expression of pluripotency-related genes^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 6 d; passage 12) hydrochloride reduces cell apoptosis, increases S-phase cell accumulation, supports the long-term expansion of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9 hESCs) and Lenti-1 induced pluripotent stem cells (Lenti-1 hiPSCs) cultured in clusters on MEF feeder layers, and maintains the pluripotency and normal karyotype of the cells during repeated passaging^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 7 d) hydrochloride maintains the viability, proliferation and expression of undifferentiated markers of H9 human embryonic stem cells for up to 7 days without medium change, and reduces apoptotic cell death of newly seeded dissociated cells and preformed cell clusters within 3 days without medium change^[5].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 30-72 d) hydrochloride supports long-term subculture of H9, HSF6 human embryonic stem cells as well as Retro-1, Lenti-1, Pro-1 human induced pluripotent stem cells. The culture medium is replaced every 3 days, and the growth rate remains consistent with that under the standard daily medium change condition during passages 5 to 12^[5].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 72 d) hydrochloride maintains normal karyotype, expression of undifferentiated markers and pluripotency (the ability to differentiate into all cells of the three germ layers in vitro) of H9 human embryonic stem cells that are subcultured 12 times with medium replacement every 3 days^[5].
Doxycycline hydrochloride binds to the classical binding site (CBS) within the mRNA decoding center of the bacterial 70S ribosome's 30S small subunit; through coordination with magnesium ions, it hinders the binding of tRNA to the A-site^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

LNT-229, G55, and U343 glioma cells
Concentration:

0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

4 days
Result:

Affected growth of glioma cells only under high concentrations (10 µg/mL).

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

SVG cells
Concentration:

0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

24 hours
Result:

Decreaseed MT-CO1 protein content with concentrations of 1 µg/mL and higher.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[4]

Cell Line:

MCF 12A, 293T cells
Concentration:

100 ng/mL, 1 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

96 hours
Result:

Caused reduced proliferation of MCF 12A and 293T cells at 1 µg/mL.

Cell Viability Assay^[5]

Cell Line:

MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 cells
Concentration:

0-250 μM
Incubation Time:

72 hours
Result:

Inhibited breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC₅₀ values for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 of 11.39 μM and 7.13 μM respectively.

In Vivo

Doxycycline (25-50 mg/kg; p.o.; twice daily; 10 days) hydrochloride exerts dose-dependent toxic effects on male Wistar rats: a dosage of 50 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive days causes 30% mortality, cardiomyopathy, and significant elevation of biomarkers for muscle and cardiac injury; whereas a dosage of 25 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive days only induces mild skeletal muscle injury without cardiac toxicity^[1].
Doxycycline (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily for 15 consecutive days) hydrochloride significantly inhibits the growth of CD44v9-expressing prostate cancer xenografts by reducing the proliferation of CD44v9-positive cells^[4].
Supplementary culture of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9 hESCs) with Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; medium changed every 3 days; up to passage 12) hydrochloride maintains their pluripotency and enables in vivo teratoma formation, which contains all three embryonic germ layers^[5].
Doxycycline (oral gavage; 200 or 800 mg/kg; once daily; 3 months) hydrochloride reduces MMP-9 activity in untreated HT mice in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
Doxycycline (40 mg/kg/day; oral administration; three months) hydrochloride can disrupt transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils and eliminate Congo red-positive amyloid deposits in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), without altering the deposition of non-fibrillar TTR. Furthermore, it reduces the levels of fibril-associated markers—such as MMP-9 and serum amyloid P component—in TTR-Met30Val × TTR-KO mice^[9].

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Related Protocols :

Induced Disease Models

Doxycycline (Dox) is often used as an inducer in molecular biology studies to induce gene expression. In cells or model animals that have constructed tetracycline induced expression systems (Tet-On/Tet-Off systems), the expression of target genes can be precisely controlled by adding or removing Dox^[7]^[8].
Dose reference for Dox induction^[7]^[8]:
(1) Model animal: male Sprague-Dawley rats
Tet regulatory system: 20-3000 ppm of Dox is supplied in diet.
(2) Model animal: Cags mice
Tet regulatory system: 625 ppm of Dox is supplied in diet.

Induction of Modeling ON-OFF System (Gene expression regulation)^[6]^[7]^[8]

Background

Doxycycline is often used as an inducer in molecular biology research to induce gene expression. In cells or model animals that have constructed a Tetracycline (Tet; HY-A0107) inducible expression (Tet-ON/Tet-OFF) system, the expression of the target gene can be precisely controlled by adding or removing Doxycycline. Doxycycline can act as an inhibitor of transcriptional activation in the Tetracycline (Tc)-controlled transactivation (tTA) system, and as an inducer of transcriptional activation in the "reverse tTA' system. Doxycycline and Tetracycline both act systemically after being absorbed by the upper gastrointestinal tract. In comparison, the main advantage of Doxycycline is that it has a longer activity and can be taken twice or once a day. Although the peak concentrations of the two are similar, Doxycycline takes a shorter time to reach peak concentration and has a significantly longer half-life.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat^[8]: Sprague-Dawley rats • male • adult middle-aged (12-month-old)
Administration: (for GDNF as targeted gene) 3g/kg (dietary with regular food) • po • once daily for 6 days

Note

(1) Recommend use the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based bicistronic tetracycline (tet)-OFF construct was used for dynamic control of GDNF (target gene) expression during long-term expression^[7].
(2) 3 g/kg dietary DOX produced DOX serum levels equivalent to 1mg/ml DOX in drinking water.

Modeling Indicators

Molecular changes: The expression level of the target gene decreases.

Phenotype changes: The positively correlated phenotype corresponding to the target gene is alleviated.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991			2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 10592-13-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 480.90
Formula C₂₂H₂₅ClN₂O₈
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C(C(C1=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@]2([H])[C@@H](O)[C@]3([H])[C@@H](C)C4=C(C(C3=C(O)[C@@]21O)=O)C(O)=CC=C4)N.Cl
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (202)

All WBIn Vivo Efficacy StudyIHCIn Vivo ImagingCell Imaging/StainingRT-PCRELISAIFMicrobiological Assay

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Ageing promotes metastasis via activation of the integrated stress response. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;652(8112):1339-1348. PMID: 41813904
Cell

2026 Aug 20;189(17):5396-5410.e8. PMID: 42476130
Cell

Sympathetic-epithelial crosstalk governs tissue-resident memory T cell immunosurveillance in the skin. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 5;189(5):1323-1340.e25. PMID: 41616781

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell. 2026 Mar 5;189(5):1323-1340.e25. [Abstract]

Skin CD8⁺ T cells in control and K14-Cxcl16 cKO mice (n = 12–18 skin areas from 2–3 mice per group, two-tailed unpaired t test). To examine whether CXCL16 reduction mediates the decrease in TRM cells following sympathetic activation, CXCL16 levels were reduced by Doxycycline (Dox, 200 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 3 consecutive days before euthanasia)-induced Cxcl16 gene knockout in K14rtTA; TetOCre; Cxcl16^fl/fl mice. The results showed a rapid decrease in all skin CD8⁺ TRM cells.
Cell

Extrachromosomal DNA replication and maintenance couple with DNA damage pathway in tumors. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26;188(13):3405-3421.e27. PMID: 40300601
Cell

Opioid-induced fragile-like regulatory T cells contribute to withdrawal. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 2;186(3):591-606.e23. PMID: 36669483
Mol Cancer

Loss of FBXW7-mediated degradation of BRAF elicits resistance to BET inhibitors in adult T cell leukemia cells. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. PMID: 32907612

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. [Abstract]

ATL cells MT1 stably transfected with a TET-inducible FBXW7 wild type or W425R were induced with doxycycline (2 μg/ml, 24 h) and degradation (WT) or lack thereof (W425R) of endogenous BRAF was confirmed by Western blot.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. [Abstract]

ATL cells MT1 stably transfected with a TET-inducible FBXW7 wild type, endogenous degradation of BRAF by wild type FBXW7 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry following induction of FBXW7 with doxycycline (2 μg/ml, 24 h).
Mol Cancer

Dying tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-194-5p potentiates survival and repopulation of tumor repopulating cells upon radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 30;19(1):68. PMID: 32228703
Adv Mater

Senescence Reprogramming Unleashes Tumor Immune Surveillance via Coordinated Gene Modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 1:e16597. PMID: 41324273
Cancer Commun (Lond)

2026 Sep 11:46:0048. PMID: 42729649
Cancer Commun (Lond)

Helicobacter pylori CagA elevates FTO to induce gastric cancer progression via a "hit-and-run" paradigm. [Abstract]

2025 May;45(5):608-631. PMID: 39960839

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 May;45(5):608-631. [Abstract]

Bioluminescence imaging of the lung metastasis burden after inoculation of MKN45 cells with DOX (500 mg/kg, daily, 30 days)-induced CagA expression and MA treatment.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 May;45(5):608-631. [Abstract]

After inoculating MKN45 cells with DOX-induced CagA expression and MA treatment, HE staining was performed on lung tissue sections of a specified group. The quantitative results of the number of lung metastases are shown on the right.
Cancer Commun (Lond)

NHE7 upregulation potentiates the uptake of small extracellular vesicles by enhancing maturation of macropinosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. PMID: 38152992

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

The expression of NHE7 in Dox-inducible NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells with or without doxycycline (DOX, 2 mg/mL) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 50 μg/mL) treatment for 24 h was examined by immunoblotting.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

Mice orthotopically injected with NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells were administered vehicle (DMSO), DOX (2 mg/mL in drinking water containing 5% sucrose), IAA (25 mg/kg/day) and sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks (n = 6). Bioluminescence imaging of whole mice was performed at the end of the experiment, and the signal intensity was quantified.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

Mice orthotopically injected with NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells were administered vehicle (DMSO), DOX (2 mg/mL in drinking water containing 5% sucrose), IAA (25 mg/kg/day) and sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks (n = 6). Immunohistochemistry of NHE7 and Rab21 in liver tumor tissues.
Nat Genet

Single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts identifies cellular trajectories during pregnancy. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. PMID: 38267607

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of STAT5A and target gene expression in STB-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of STAT5A.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of MITF and target gene expression in STB-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

ELISA analysis of CSH2 expression in trophoblast organoids derived from hTSCs-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

Bright fields and immunofluorescence analysis of trophoblast markers (CDH1 and hCG) in trophoblast organoids derived from hTSCs-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.
Cell Stem Cell

Kidney organoid models reveal cilium-autophagy metabolic axis as a therapeutic target for PKD both in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 4;31(1):52-70.e8. PMID: 38181751
Nat Cell Biol

TOLLIP targets GSDME-NT-carrying endocytic vesicles for autophagy to regulate pyroptosis and chemotherapy efficacy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;28(4):812-827. PMID: 41803502
Nat Cell Biol

Peritumoural adipose tissue promotes ferroptosis resistance by 3-hydroxykynurenine-mediated suppression of ferritinophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;28(4):783-796. PMID: 41813885
Nat Cell Biol

PRMT5-mediated arginine methylation stabilizes GPX4 to suppress ferroptosis in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;27(4):641-653. PMID: 40033101

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Apr;27(4):641-653. [Abstract]

HeLa cells stably expressing tet-on-shScramble (Scr) or tet-on-shMAT2A were pretreated with Doxycycline hydrochloride (Dox, 1 μg/ mL) for two days, and the cell lysates were analysed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.
Cancer Res

Loss of CDKN2A Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;85(3):585-601. PMID: 39514336
Cancer Res

LncRNA AGPG confers endocrine resistance in breast cancer by promoting E2F1 activity. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 2;83(19):3220-3236. PMID: 37463119
Drug Resist Updat

ZBP1 antagonizes MRE11-mediated DNA end resection and confers synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:84:101319. PMID: 41192279
Drug Resist Updat

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 suppresses TMZ chemosensitivity in acquired TMZ-resistant gliomas by increasing assembly of ABCB1 on the membrane. [Abstract]

2024 Sep:76:101112. PMID: 38924997
Nat Microbiol

Characterization of antibiotic resistomes by reprogrammed bacteriophage-enabled functional metagenomics in clinical strains. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;8(3):410-423. PMID: 36759752
Nat Protoc

Inducible CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform to interrogate non-proliferative cellular states. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 8. PMID: 41062702
Protein Cell

Phase separation of DUX family proteins drives totipotent-like state via 3D genome reorganization and retrotransposon activation. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 14:pwag014. PMID: 41832971
Nat Commun

ELMO2 is a therapeutic vulnerability in mesenchymal-like and drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 17;17(1):5369. PMID: 41997974
Nat Commun

Intraovarian injection of securinine stimulates the growth of small ovarian follicles by reducing stromal suppression. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 13;17(1):5061. PMID: 41974717
Nat Commun

A neurotoxic cryptic peptide arising from TDP-43-dependent cryptic splicing of PKN1. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 20;17(1):2963. PMID: 41720774
Nat Commun

Noncanonical calcium-independent TRPM4 activation governs intestinal fluid homeostasis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 8;17(1):1253. PMID: 41507162
Nat Commun

Protein kinase A is a dependent factor and therapeutic target in mouse models of fibrous dysplasia. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;16(1):5425. PMID: 40593719
Nat Commun

Gadd45g insufficiency drives the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 6;15(1):2989. PMID: 38582902
Nat Commun

Reassessing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse bone marrow: insights from lineage tracing models. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 20;14(1):8461. PMID: 38123537
Neuron

Social interaction in mice suppresses breast cancer progression via a corticoamygdala neural circuit. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:S0896-6273(25)00509-4. PMID: 40752486
Neuron

The paraventricular thalamus mediates visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors via two distinct pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 23;113(14):2310-2324.e7. PMID: 40345185
Cell Discov

Bacterial toxins induce non-canonical migracytosis to aggravate acute inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Nov 5;10(1):112. PMID: 39500876
Redox Biol

Targeting PKLR/MYCN/ROMO1 signaling suppresses neuroendocrine differentiation of castration-resistant prostate cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jun:62:102686. PMID: 36963289
Mol Cell

Longitudinal monitoring of cytoplasmic RBP-RNA interactions and transcriptome in living cells by engineered protein nanocages. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 25:S1097-2765(26)00378-3. PMID: 42349405
Mol Cell

S-acylation of TDP43 regulates its condensation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [Abstract]

2026 May 12:S1097-2765(26)00270-4. PMID: 42127907
Mol Cell

Targeted citrullination enables p53 binding to non-canonical sites. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 2;85(19):3588-3604.e11. PMID: 41043392
Mol Cell

Lactylation of XLF promotes non-homologous end-joining repair and chemoresistance in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 17;85(14):2654-2672.e7. PMID: 40680721
Mol Cell

MLKL activity requires a splicing-regulated, druggable intramolecular interaction. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 3:S1097-2765(25)00259-X. PMID: 40209701
Nucleic Acids Res

Enhancing small-molecule-mediated translational control through multivalent RNA aptamers. [Abstract]

2026 Jun 8;54(11):gkag592. PMID: 42273917
Nucleic Acids Res

ALKBH5 governs human endoderm fate by regulating the DKK1/4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin activation. [Abstract]

2024 Oct 14;52(18):10879-10896. PMID: 39166492
Theranostics

Shh and Olig2 sequentially regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation from hiPSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 28;12(7):3131-3149. PMID: 35547747
Theranostics

Antibiotic Azithromycin inhibits brown/beige fat functionality and promotes obesity in human and rodents. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 1;12(3):1187-1203. PMID: 35154482
J Clin Invest

2026 Aug 4:e206270. PMID: 42550604
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

PHGDH activation fuels glioblastoma progression and radioresistance via serine synthesis pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 19;44(1):99. PMID: 40102981

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025 Mar 19;44(1):99. [Abstract]

Nude mice (nu/nu) were surgically engrafted intracranially with GSCs labeled with luciferase and transduced with a Doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX)-inducible system for shPHGDH expression. Mice harboring either GSC19 (A) or GSC29 (B) were randomly assigned to treatment groups (6 mice per group). Starting from day 7 or day 9 post-engraftment, as per the study design (A, B, left), treatments were administered: control, 3 Gy ionizing radiation (IR) delivered weekly over three sessions, 2 mg/mL DOX in the drinking water or a combination of IR and DOX. The progression of GBM xenografts was monitored through bioluminescence imaging, and representative images are displayed (A, B, right).
J Clin Invest

Targeting mitochondrial dynamics of morphine-responsive dopaminergic neurons ameliorates opiate withdrawal. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 18;134(5):e171995. PMID: 38236644
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting PRKCN, an Essential Driver Orchestrating mTOR-IRF4 Axis Independently of Kinase Activity, in Multiple Myeloma. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(21):e18975. PMID: 41655233
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Faecalibaculum rodentium Alleviates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage in Mice by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Hematopoiesis via Its Metabolite Butyrate. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 13:e09383. PMID: 41082369
Adv Sci (Weinh)

USP8-Governed MDA5 Homeostasis Promotes Innate Immunity and Autoimmunity. [Abstract]

2025 Sep;12(34):e03865. PMID: 40525588
Adv Sci (Weinh)

HACD2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Enhancing PKM2 Dissociation From PRKN in a Dehydratase-Independent Manner. [Abstract]

2025 Mar;12(10):e2407942. PMID: 39836601
Adv Sci (Weinh)

ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;11(45):e2404756. PMID: 39377228
Adv Sci (Weinh)

A Temporal PROTAC Cocktail-Mediated Sequential Degradation of AURKA Abrogates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Aug;9(22):e2104823. PMID: 35652200
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Dual Inhibition of DKC1 and MEK1/2 Synergistically Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 15;8(10):2004344. PMID: 34026451
Sci Adv

Epstein-Barr virus-driven cardiolipin synthesis sustains metabolic remodeling during B cell transformation. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 31;11(5):eadr8837. PMID: 39879311
Sci Adv

RIPK3 deficiency blocks R-2-hydroxyglutarate-induced necroptosis in IDH-mutated AML cells. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 19;10(16):eadi1782. PMID: 38630819
Sci Adv

Tumor suppressor CEBPA interacts with and inhibits DNMT3A activity. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 28;8(4):eabl5220. PMID: 35080973
Cell Death Differ

RIPK3 sequentially recruits MLKL and RIPK1 to induce PANoptosis and chemokine production. [Abstract]

2026 Apr 4. PMID: 41935203
Cell Death Differ

The PLEKHA1-TACC2 fusion gene drives tumorigenesis via vascular mimicry formation in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 5. PMID: 40615663
Cell Death Differ

NKAP acts with HDAC3 to prevent R-loop associated genome instability. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;30(7):1811-1828. PMID: 37322264
Cell Death Differ

MEK nuclear localization promotes YAP stability via sequestering β-TrCP in KRAS mutant cancer cells. [Abstract]

2019 Nov;26(11):2400-2415. PMID: 30833665
Water Res

Quantifying community-wide antibiotic usage via urban water fingerprinting: Focus on contrasting resource settings in South Africa. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 15:240:120110. PMID: 37247434
Chem Eng J

2025 Oct 8;524:169421.

Doxycycline hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Eng J. 2025 Oct 8;524:169421.

Therapeutic effect of VRC, Doxycycline hydrochloride (Doxy, 0.05 %, 5 μl, 4 times per day for 5 days) on DXMS- associated severe FK. Dynamic phenotype of corneas with different groups observed by slit lamp on each day after infection (n = 6/group).
J Control Release

Hypoxia-responsive Azocalixarene-doxycycline host-guest complex for synergistic myopia control. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 10:390:114586. PMID: 41475499
Cell Death Dis

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Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (103.97 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.0794 mL

10.3972 mL

20.7943 mL

5 mM

0.4159 mL

2.0794 mL

4.1589 mL

10 mM

0.2079 mL

1.0397 mL

2.0794 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.60 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.60 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (2.60 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (310 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. El-Neweshy MS, et al. Experimental doxycycline overdose in rats causes cardiomyopathy. Int J Exp Pathol. 2013;94(2):109-114. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhang L, et al. Doxycycline inhibits the cancer stem cell phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Cell Cycle. 2017;16(8):737-745. [Content Brief]

[3]. Chang M Y, Rhee Y H, Yi S H, et al. Doxycycline enhances survival and self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells[J]. Stem cell reports, 2014, 3(2): 353-364.

[4]. Matsumoto T, et al. Doxycycline induces apoptosis via ER stress selectively to cells with a cancer stem cell-like properties: importance of stem cell plasticity[J]. Oncogenesis, 2017, 6(11): 397.

[5]. Chang MY, et al. Doxycycline supplementation allows for the culture of human ESCs/iPSCs with media changes at 3-day intervals. Stem Cell Res. 2015;15(3):608-613. [Content Brief]

[6]. Manfredsson FP, et al. Tight Long-term dynamic doxycycline responsive nigrostriatal GDNF using a single rAAV vector. Mol Ther. 2009 Nov;17(11):1857-67. [Content Brief] [Content Brief]

[7]. Kistner A, et al. Doxycycline-mediated quantitative and tissue-specific control of gene expression in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10933-8. [Content Brief]

[8]. Niv Y. Doxycycline in Eradication Therapy of Helicobacter pylori--a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestion. 2016;93(2):167-73. [Content Brief]

[9]. Cardoso I. Doxycycline disrupts transthyretin amyloid: evidence from studies in a FAP transgenic mice model. The FASEB Journal, 2006, 20: 234-239.

[10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42225615/

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.0794 mL	10.3972 mL	20.7943 mL	51.9859 mL
	5 mM	0.4159 mL	2.0794 mL	4.1589 mL	10.3972 mL
	10 mM	0.2079 mL	1.0397 mL	2.0794 mL	5.1986 mL
	15 mM	0.1386 mL	0.6931 mL	1.3863 mL	3.4657 mL
	20 mM	0.1040 mL	0.5199 mL	1.0397 mL	2.5993 mL
	25 mM	0.0832 mL	0.4159 mL	0.8318 mL	2.0794 mL
	30 mM	0.0693 mL	0.3466 mL	0.6931 mL	1.7329 mL
	40 mM	0.0520 mL	0.2599 mL	0.5199 mL	1.2996 mL
	50 mM	0.0416 mL	0.2079 mL	0.4159 mL	1.0397 mL
	60 mM	0.0347 mL	0.1733 mL	0.3466 mL	0.8664 mL
	80 mM	0.0260 mL	0.1300 mL	0.2599 mL	0.6498 mL
	100 mM	0.0208 mL	0.1040 mL	0.2079 mL	0.5199 mL

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Doxycycline hydrochloride

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Doxycycline hydrochloride

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