2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Epigenetics
    TGF-beta/Smad
  4. PKC

PKC

Protein kinase C

PKC

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PKC (Protein kinase C) is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of otherproteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins. PKC enzymes in turn are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) or calcium ions (Ca2+). Hence PKC enzymes play important roles in several signal transduction cascades. The PKC family consists of 15 isozymes in humans: PKC-α (PRKCA), PKC-β1 (PRKCB), PKC-β2 (PRKCB), PKC-γ (PRKCG), PKC-δ (PRKCD), PKC-δ1 (PRKD1), PKC-δ2 (PRKD2), PKC-δ3 (PRKD3), PKC-ε (PRKCE), PKC-η (PRKCH), PKC-θ (PRKCQ), PKC-ι (PRKCI), PKC-ζ (PRKCZ), PK-N1 (PKN1), PK-N2 (PKN2), PK-N3 (PKN3). PKC is involved in receptor desensitization, in modulating membrane structure events, in regulating transcription, in mediating immune responses, in regulating cell growth, and in learning and memory. These functions are achieved by PKC-mediated phosphorylation of other proteins.

PKC Isoform Specific Products:

PKC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-106381
    Aurothiomalate sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Aurothiomalate sodium is the tetrameric form of Aurothiomalate sodium (HY-106381). Aurothiomalate sodium acts as an inhibitor of PKCI and TrxR1. Aurothiomalate sodium disrupts the PKCI-Par6-Rac1 signaling pathway, and also inhibits TrxR1 activity, TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Aurothiomalate sodium blocks Kras-mediated BASC expansion and lung tumor growth, inhibits anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells, and suppresses neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and leukocyte extravasation. Aurothiomalate sodium can be used in research related to rheumatoid arthritis and non-small cell lung cancer.
    Aurothiomalate sodium
  • HY-137295
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
    		Agonist 99.96%
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) isoform-selective agonist. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate induces selective translocation of nPKC-delta, -epsilon, and -theta and PKC-mu from the cytosolic fraction to the particulate fraction and induces morphologically typical apoptosis through de novo synthesis of macromolecules. Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate increases the IFN-γ production and degranulation by NK cells, especially when NK cells are stimulated by NSCLC cells.
    Ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate
  • HY-N2180
    (+)-Eudesmin
    		Activator 99.91%
    Pinoresinol dimethyl ether ((+)-Eudesmin) is a non-phenolic furanoid lignin. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether can be isolated from Magnolia biondii. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether activates MAPK, PKC, and PKA upstream pathways and inhibits NO levels. Pinoresinol dimethyl ether has neuroprotective activity.
    (+)-Eudesmin
  • HY-139066
    Punicic acid
    		98.5%
    Punicic acid is a bioactive compound of pomegranate seed oil. Punicic acid is an isomer of conjugated α-linolenic acid and ω-5 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Punicic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Punicic acid can also reduce the formation of β-amyloid deposits and hyperphosphorylation of tau by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and inhibiting the overactivation of calpain, and is used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, punicic acid also has breast cancer inhibitor properties that depend on lipid peroxidation and PKC pathways.
    Punicic acid
  • HY-N0699
    Daphnoretin
    		Activator 99.83%
    Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin; Thymelol) is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator that inhibits the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and exhibits antiviral activity. Daphnoretin exerts its antitumor effects by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and triggers the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Daphnoretin alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Daphnoretin regulates the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, inhibits their immunostimulatory function by downregulating the phosphorylation level of JNK, and thus exerts a protective effect in skin graft rejection.
    Daphnoretin
  • HY-N6743
    Cercosporin
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Cercosporin is produced by a plant pathogen, Pseudocercosporella capsellae. Cercosporin is a potent photosensitizer with a short activation wavelength, mostly suitable for superficial photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatments, especially when it is necessary to avoid perforations. Cercosporin contains the perylenequinone structural features necessary to PKC activity with an IC50 of 0.6-1.3 μM.
    Cercosporin
  • HY-N5072
    Desmethylglycitein
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Desmethylglycitein (4',6,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone), a metabolite of daidzein, sourced from Glycine max with antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. Desmethylglycitein binds directly to CDK1 and CDK2 in vivo, resulting in the suppresses CDK1 and CDK2 activity. Desmethylglycitein is a direct inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC)α, against solar UV (sUV)-induced matrix matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Desmethylglycitein binds to PI3K in an ATP competitive manner in the cytosol, where it inhibits the activity of PI3K and downstream signaling cascades, leading to the suppression of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
    Desmethylglycitein
  • HY-109076
    Tigilanol tiglate
    		Activator
    Tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46) is a protein kinase C (PKC)/C1 domain activator. Tigilanol tiglate is associated with mitochondrial/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, leading to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPRmt/ER) and subsequent induction of ATP depletion, organelles expansion, Caspase activation, gasdermin E cleavage, and terminal necrosis. Tigilanol tiglate, as a small anti-tumor molecule with immunomodulatory effects, can be used in the study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma.
    Tigilanol tiglate
  • HY-100983
    Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride is a potent PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor. At 100 μM, Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride completely inhibits both TPA (skin tumour promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and phospholipase C-induced ODC (ornithine decarboxylase).
    Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride
  • HY-128468
    1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol
    		Activator 99.96%
    1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol is a saturated diacylglycerol and a weak second messenger for the activation of PKC.
    1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol
  • HY-123979
    ζ-Stat
    		Inhibitor 98.98%
    ζ-Stat (NSC37044) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro.
    ζ-Stat
  • HY-N4322
    Decursinol angelate
    		Activator 99.94%
    Decursinol angelate acts as a PKC activator and GDH inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.432 μM against human GDH. Decursinol angelate activates PKC, downregulates PKCα and PKCβII isoforms, and exerts cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Decursinol angelate binds to GDH and inhibits its enzymatic activity. Decursinol angelate inhibits VEGF-induced autophosphorylation of VEGFR2, downstream p42/44 ERK and JNK-MAPK signaling pathways, as well as the angiogenesis process. Decursinol angelate is applicable to research related to cancer and leukemia.
    Decursinol angelate
  • HY-P1595
    CREBtide
    		Substrate 98.33%
    CREBtide is a CREB (cAMP response element binding protein)-like peptide. CREBtide, a synthetic 13 amino acid peptide, has been reported as a PKA and PKC substrate.
    CREBtide
  • HY-107150
    Reproxalap
    		Inhibitor 98.49%
    Reproxalap (ADX-102) is an active aldehyde sequestering agent. Reproxalap reduces the PKCα activity. Reproxalap blocks caspase 3/7 activation. Reproxalap protects cells from the cytotoxicity of C18:0-al. Reproxalap has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. Reproxalap is used in studies of dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis, and non-infectious anterior uveitis.
    Reproxalap
  • HY-13626
    Spisulosine
    		Activator 99.5%
    Spisulosine (ES-285) is an antiproliferative (antitumoral) compound of marine origin. Spisulosine inhibits the growth of the prostate PC-3 and LNCaP cells through intracellular ceramide accumulation and PKCζ activation. Spisulosine induces apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells.
    Spisulosine
  • HY-148413
    Aprinocarsen sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.42%
    Aprinocarsen (ISIS 3521) sodium, a specific antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α). Aprinocarsen sodium is a 20-mer oligonucleotide, it regulates cell differentiation and proliferation. Aprinocarsen sodium inhibits the growth of human tumor cell lines in nude mice. Aprinocarsen sodium shows the value as a chemotherapeutic compound of human cancers.
    Aprinocarsen sodium
  • HY-101047S
    D-erythro-Sphingosine-d7
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    D-erythro-Sphingosine-d7 is the deuterium labeled D-erythro-Sphingosine. D-erythro-Sphingosine (Erythrosphingosine) is a very potent activator of p32-kinase with an EC50 of 8 μM, and inhibits protein kinase C (PKC). D-erythro-Sphingosine (Erythrosphingosine) is also a PP2A activator.
    D-erythro-Sphingosine-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-108254
    Bisindolylmaleimide IV
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    Bisindolylmaleimide IV (Arcyriarubin A) is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, with IC50s ranging from 0.1 to 0.55 μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV also inhibits PKA (IC50=3.1-11.8μM). Bisindolylmaleimide IV is a potent, selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in cell culture with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
    Bisindolylmaleimide IV
  • HY-100931
    SC-10
    		Activator 99.59%
    SC-10 is a direct activator of PKC.
    SC-10
  • HY-117366
    PS432
    		Inhibitor 99.9%
    PS432 is a PKC inhibitor with IC50s of 16.9 μM (PKCι) and 18.5 μM (PKCζ), respectively. PS432 effectively inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs) and tumor growth in mouse xenograft models.
    PS432
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
PKC Isoform Comparison

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