Cat. No.: HY-N0699

Daphnoretin

(Synonyms: Dephnoretin; Thymelol)

3 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin; Thymelol) is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator that inhibits the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and exhibits antiviral activity. Daphnoretin exerts its antitumor effects by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and triggers the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Daphnoretin alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Daphnoretin regulates the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, inhibits their immunostimulatory function by downregulating the phosphorylation level of JNK, and thus exerts a protective effect in skin graft rejection.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.83%
CAS No.: 2034-69-7
Formula: C₁₉H₁₂O₇
Molecular Weight:352.29

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Daphnoretin Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2034-69-7

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Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (3)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[2]^[3]^[4]

PI3K

Akt

NLRP3 inflammasome

Bax

Bcl-2

Caspase-3

Caspase-9

CDK2/cyclinE

JNK

All PKC Isoforms :

All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoforms :

All JNK Isoforms :

All PI3K Isoforms :

All Akt Isoforms :

All CDK Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
MCF7	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Daphnoretin	Antiproliferative activity human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36154031]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	1 μM Compound: Daphnoretin	Antiproliferative activity human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36154031]
P388	ED₅₀	2.2 μg/mL Compound: Daphnoretin, NSC-291852	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells	[PMID: 6875580]
P388	ED₅₀	3.4 μg/mL Compound: daphnoretin	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells	[PMID: 3783168]

In Vitro

Daphnoretin (0.1-1.0 μM; 48 h) inhibits the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen gene at the mRNA level in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells, with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 μM after 48 h of treatment^[1].
Daphnoretin (1 μM; 4 h) induces the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the cytosol to the cell membrane, and treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells with 800 nM daphnoretin for 24 h downregulates the total intracellular PKC level^[1].
Daphnoretin (0.1-8.0 μM; 24-48 h) inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 2.0 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively^[2].
Daphnoretin (0.5-4 μM; 24 h) induces S-phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating the protein levels of cyclin E and CDK2^[2].
Daphnoretin (0.5-4 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via a mitochondria-dependent pathway, and reduces BCL-2 levels while increasing the levels of BAX, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3^[2].
Daphnoretin (0.5-4 μM; 24 h) inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at 24 h post-treatment by reducing the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT^[2].
Daphnoretin (0.5-512 μM; 48 h) reduces the viability of ATDC5 chondrocytes, with an IC₅₀ of 72.97 μM after 48 h of treatment^[3].
Daphnoretin (1-4 μM; 48 h) increases the viability of IL-1β-induced ATDC5 chondrocytes and reduces their apoptosis rate in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
Daphnoretin (1-4 μM) dose-dependently inhibits IL-1β-induced ERS in ATDC5 chondrocytes^[3].
Daphnoretin (1-4 μM; 48 h) dose-dependently inhibits IL-1β-induced production of inflammatory mediators and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ATDC5 chondrocytes^[3].
Daphnoretin (1.1-30 μM; 6 days) reduces the viability of human CD14⁺ monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 30 μM; at a concentration of 10 μM, it inhibits dendrite formation without significant cytotoxicity^[4].
Daphnoretin (1.1-30 μM; 6 days) dose-dependently downregulates the expression of differentiation and maturation markers, including CD1a, CD40, CD83, DC-SIGN and HLA-DR, on mature dendritic cells derived from human CD14⁺ monocytes, without inducing their dedifferentiation into macrophages^[4].
Daphnoretin (1.1-30 μM; 6 days) dose-dependently impairs the allostimulatory function of mature dendritic cells derived from human CD14⁺ monocytes and reduces the proliferative capacity of allogeneic naive CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ T cells^[4].
Daphnoretin (10 μM) specifically downregulates the LPS-induced upregulated expression of phosphorylated JNK in human CD14⁺ monocyte-derived dendritic cells^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:

human hepatoma Hep3B cells
Concentration:

1 μM (PKC translocation); 800 nM (PKC down-regulation)
Incubation Time:

4 h (PKC translocation); 24 h (PKC down-regulation)
Result:

Increased membrane-bound PKC by ~20-fold with a concomitant decrease in cytosolic PKC after 4 h of 1 μM treatment. Diminished total extractable cellular PKC to a barely detectable level after 24 h of 800 nM treatment.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

human breast cancer MCF-7, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231
Concentration:

1, 2, and 4 μM (MCF-7); 0.5, 1 and 2 μM (MDA-MB-231)
Incubation Time:

24 h (cell cycle assay; Western blot)
Result:

Significantly increased the proportion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells arrested in the S phase.
Significantly downregulated the protein levels of cyclin E and CDK2 in both cell lines compared to controls.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

human breast cancer MCF-7, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231
Concentration:

1, 2, and 4 μM (MCF-7); 0.5, 1 and 2 μM (MDA-MB-231)
Incubation Time:

24 h (apoptosis assays; Western blot)
Result:

Revealed typical apoptotic features (chromatin/nuclear condensation, apoptotic bodies) in both daphnoretin-treated cell lines via Hoechst 33258 staining.
Showed significantly increased apoptotic rates in treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to controls.
Significantly downregulated BCL-2 protein levels and upregulated BAX, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in both cell lines.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

human breast cancer MCF-7, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231
Concentration:

1, 2 and 4 μM (MCF-7, 24 h); 0.5-2 μM (MDA-MB-231, 24 h); 0.5, 1 and 2 μM (0.5, 1, 2 h, both cell lines)
Incubation Time:

24 h (24 h treatment group); 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h (short-term treatment group)
Result:

Significantly downregulated the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 h of treatment.
Showed no significant changes in p-PI3K or p-AKT levels after 0.5, 1, or 2 h of treatment in either cell line.
Caused no significant alterations in total PI3K and AKT levels.

In Vivo

Daphnoretin (10 mg/kg; i.p.; administered daily for the first week post-surgery, then once every 3 days for the subsequent 7 weeks; total duration of 8 weeks) alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice by attenuating cartilage damage, regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and inactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly reducing the OARSI score and improving the thickness of the subchondral cortical bone plate^[3].
Daphnoretin (0.5-1.0 mg/kg; i.p.; once daily for 7 days) inhibits acute skin allograft rejection in mice without altering body weight or white blood cell counts, and exhibits no obvious dose-dependent effect^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 (8-10-week-old male, DMM-induced OA)^[3]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; daily (first week post-surgery), once every 3 days (subsequent 7 weeks); 8 weeks total
Result:

Repaired the articular cartilage surface relative to the OA-only group.
Increased the thickness of cartilage and subchondral cortical bone plate relative to the OA-only group.
Reduced the number of TRAP-positive cells relative to the OA-only group.
Significantly improved the thickness of the subchondral cortical bone plate relative to the OA-only group.
Reduced the OARSI score relative to the OA-only group.Downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved-caspase3 in cartilage tissue relative to the OA-only group.
Upregulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in cartilage tissue relative to the OA-only group.
Reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78, CHOP, ATF6, and Caspase-12 relative to the OA-only group.
Reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 components of the NLRP3 inflammasome relative to the OA-only group.
Abated the mRNA levels of Cox-2, inos, Tnf-α, and Il-6 in cartilage tissues relative to the OA-only group.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 (H-2b) (male, 6-8-week-old); BALB/c (H-2d) (male, 6-8-week-old, skin allograft recipient)^[4]
Dosage:

0.5 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; once daily for 7 days
Result:

Increased the survival fraction of skin allografts relative to untreated controls.
Caused no significant changes in recipient body weight or white blood cell count during the observation period.
Showed no evident dose-dependent response between the two tested doses.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2034-69-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 352.29
Formula C₁₉H₁₂O₇
Color Off-white to light yellow
SMILES

O=C1C(OC2=CC=C(C(O3)=C2)C=CC3=O)=CC4=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C4O1
Synonyms

Dephnoretin; Thymelol
Structure Classification
- Phenylpropanoids
- Coumarins
- Phenols
- Monophenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (3)

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J Orthop Surg Res

Daphnoretin relieves IL-1β-mediated chondrocytes apoptosis via repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 16;17(1):487. PMID: 36384642

Daphnoretin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Nov 16;17(1):487. [Abstract]

Daphnoretin (1, 2, 4 µM) reduces the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in mouse chondrocyte culture supernatant in a dose-dependent manner.

Daphnoretin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Nov 16;17(1):487. [Abstract]

Daphnoretin or CY-09 markedly attenuates the expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2 and the NLRP3-ASC-Caspase1 infammasome in ATDC5 cells.
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
J Radiat Res Appl Sci

2026 Feb 21.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (70.96 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.8386 mL

14.1929 mL

28.3857 mL

5 mM

0.5677 mL

2.8386 mL

5.6771 mL

10 mM

0.2839 mL

1.4193 mL

2.8386 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Dilution Calculator

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (5.90 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (5.90 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg
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g
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μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
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The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (289 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Chen HC, et al. Identification of a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, daphnoretin, that suppresses hepatitis B virus gene expression in human hepatoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;52(7):1025-1032. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xie Q, et al. Daphnoretin Arrests the Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod. 2022;85(10):2332-2339. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhou J, et al. Daphnoretin relieves IL-1β-mediated chondrocytes apoptosis via repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022;17(1):487. Published 2022 Nov 16. [Content Brief]

[4]. Chen CA, et al. Daphnoretin modulates differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells through down-regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017;51:25-30. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.8386 mL	14.1929 mL	28.3857 mL	70.9643 mL
	5 mM	0.5677 mL	2.8386 mL	5.6771 mL	14.1929 mL
	10 mM	0.2839 mL	1.4193 mL	2.8386 mL	7.0964 mL
	15 mM	0.1892 mL	0.9462 mL	1.8924 mL	4.7310 mL
	20 mM	0.1419 mL	0.7096 mL	1.4193 mL	3.5482 mL
	25 mM	0.1135 mL	0.5677 mL	1.1354 mL	2.8386 mL
	30 mM	0.0946 mL	0.4731 mL	0.9462 mL	2.3655 mL
	40 mM	0.0710 mL	0.3548 mL	0.7096 mL	1.7741 mL
	50 mM	0.0568 mL	0.2839 mL	0.5677 mL	1.4193 mL
	60 mM	0.0473 mL	0.2365 mL	0.4731 mL	1.1827 mL

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Daphnoretin

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