Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inducer

Azilsartan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azilsartan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.

GNE-140 racemate (Standard) is the analytical standard of GNE-140 racemate (HY-100742). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. GNE-140 racemate is a racemic mixture of (R)-GNE-140 (HY-100742A) and (S)-GNE-140 (HY-100742B), and also a tautomer of GNE-140 (HY-118241). GNE-140 racemate is an orally active lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 3 nM against human LDHA and an IC₅₀ of 5 nM against LDHB. GNE-140 racemate reduces the phosphorylation level and total protein expression of p38 MAPK, and inhibits EGF-induced AKT phosphorylation. GNE-140 racemate decreases lactate production, regulates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and nucleotide biosynthesis, increases extracellular pH, inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces caspase-3 activation and ROS accumulation. GNE-140 racemate can be used in research related to breast cancer, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic cancer.

Hydroxytyrosol acetate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydroxytyrosol (HY-N0570). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydroxytyrosol acetate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable multi-active compound with multiple effects including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and neuroprotective activities. Hydroxytyrosol acetate not only inhibits the growth of Vibrio by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, but also interacts with DNA and mediates supercoiled DNA relaxation. Meanwhile, Hydroxytyrosol acetate effectively reduces thrombosis and inhibits lipid oxidation by inhibiting COX activity and promoting vascular nitric oxide production. In terms of neuroprotection, Hydroxytyrosol acetate significantly alleviates neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses by up-regulating the expression level of ERβ, thereby improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. Hydroxytyrosol acetate has been widely used in scientific research related to Vibrio infection, arterial thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and other related fields.

Antileishmanial agent-35 (Compound 6) is an antileishmanial agent with an IC₅₀ of 0.29μM for promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Antileishmanial agent-35 significantly decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and further increases the production of ROS by a blockage in the electron transport chain, where ubiquinone intervenes. Antileishmanial agent-35 can be used for cutaneous leishmaniases research.

MRT68921 (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of MRT68921 (dihydrochloride) (HY-100006A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MRT68921 dihydrochloride is a potent NUAK1/ULK1 dual inhibitor. MRT68921 dihydrochloride inhibits ULK1 and ULK2 with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can block cells autophagy and kill tumor cells by breaking the balance of oxidative stress signals. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can inhibit cell proliferation and induce ROS production and apoptosis. MRT68921 dihydrochloride can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.

Pretilachlor (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pretilachlor (HY-B2035). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pretilachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide with biological activities including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress induction, apoptosis induction, and immunotoxicity. Pretilachlor exerts its effects by interfering with hormone metabolism, inducing oxidative stress, activating apoptotic pathways, and inhibiting immune functions. Pretilachlor upregulates the transcription of P53, Mdm2, and Bbc3, and increases the activities of Caspase3 and Caspase9; it upregulates the transcription of genes in the HPG/HPT axis and the activity of aromatase; it induces oxidative stress, elevates ROS levels, and upregulates CAT, SOD, and GPX. Pretilachlor downregulates the transcription of CXCL-C1C, IL-1β, and IL-8. Pretilachlor disrupts the normal physiological processes and embryonic development of fish, exhibiting significant toxicity. Pretilachlor can be used in studies related to weeding, environmental pollution, and behavioral toxicity in fish.

Rufigallol is one of the earliest systems reported to form columnar mesophases. Rufigallol is also an oxidant agent. Rufigallol acts in a pro-oxidant fashion to produce oxygen radicals inside parasitized erythrocytes. Rufigallol has vitamin K activity and antimalarial activity.

Rosolic acid is a Michael acceptor molecule isolated from the rhizomes of Plantago asiatica L. Rosolic acid inhibits Keap1, promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and upregulates HO-1 and NQO-1. Rosolic acid reduces ER stress markers PERK, ATF-6, GRP78, and CHOP, as well as oxidative stress, ROS production, inflammation, and apoptosis. Rosolic acid upregulates SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, induces angiogenesis and insulin secretion, and restores endothelial function and pancreatic beta cell protection under ER stress. Rosolic acid can be used in research on diabetes and endothelial dysfunction.

Antibacterial agent 307 is an antibacterial agent. Antibacterial agent 307 shows MICs of 1-4 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria, low hemolytic toxicity, and excellent plasma stability. Antibacterial agent 307 compromises bacterial membrane integrity via increased permeability and depolarization, induces endogenous ROS accumulation, causes cytoplasmic protein and nucleic acid leakage, and drives rapid bacterial cell death. Antibacterial agent 307 can be used for the research of bacterial infection.

Saquinavir-¹³C₆ (Ro 31-8959-¹³C₆) is ¹³C labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.

Antileishmanial agent-43 is a 3,4,5‑trisubstituted isoxazole with selective antileishmanial activity. Antileishmanial agent-43 shows IC₅₀ values of 12.7 μM against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and 0.96 μM against intracellular amastigotes. Antileishmanial agent-43 induces ROS elevation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial depolarization and ATP imbalance. Antileishmanial agent-43 causes cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine externalization, plasma membrane permeabilization, and promotes autophagy. Antileishmanial agent-43 can be used for the research of leishmaniasis.

Chloranil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chloranil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chloranil, an orally active metabolite of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene, is a widely used fungicide. Chloranil can induce ROS production. Chloranil induces neutrophil extracellular traps through the ROS-JNK-NOX2 pathway. Chloranil induces ferroptosis and neuroinflammation. Chloranil induces apoptosis of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Atiprimod (Azaspirane) hydrochloride is a STAT3 inhibitor with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. Atiprimod blocks the signaling pathways of IL-6 and VEGF by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of STAT3. Atiprimod blocks the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 and JAK3. Atiprimod also inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest, and induces autophagy and apoptosis. Atiprimod triggers persistent ER stress-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells by activating the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of STAT3/NF-κB. Atiprimod shows great anti-tumor activities in tumor xenograft mouse models. Atiprimod can be used for the study of pituitary adenoma, breast cancer, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

FX-11 (Standard) is the analytical standard of FX-11 (HY-16214). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. FX-11 is a potent, selective, reversible and competitive lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, with a K_i of 8 μM. FX-11 reduces ATP levels and induces oxidative stress, ROS production and cell death. FX-11 shows antitumor activity in lymphoma and pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Lomefloxacin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (HY-B0455). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (NY-198 hydrochloride) is an orally active difluoroquinolone antibiotic. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride prevents DNA supercoiling and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride induces ROS production and Apoptosis. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride has anticancer effects against melanoma. Lomefloxacin hydrochloride can be used in the study of systemic bacterial infections (such as Salmonella typhimurium infections), skin and melanoma .

Antifungal agent 137 (Compound 4S) is an antifungal agent. Antifungal agent 137 inhibits Phomopsis sp. (PS), with an EC₅₀ of 0.15 μg/mL. Antifungal agent 137 inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), with an IC₅₀ of 5.00 μg/mL. Antifungal agent 137 disrupts the morphology of PS mycelia, impairs cell membrane integrity, and induces an increase in intracellular ROS levels, triggering oxidative stress. Antifungal agent 137 can be used for the study of fungal infection.

F16 (Standard) is the analytical standard of F16 (HY-100395). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. F16 is a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) modulator with an EC₅₀ of 30 μM in mice. F16 promotes PTP opening, accumulates in cancer cell mitochondria, and induces mitochondrial depolarization, swelling, cristae disruption, outer membrane rupture, ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytochrome c release and mitochondrial uncoupling. F16 induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 (occasionally G2) phase, reduces the phosphotyrosine content of Neu, as well as the levels of phosphorylated PKB/Akt and phosphorylated MAP kinase, downregulates the protein expression levels of Neu and PKB, triggers apoptosis in cells with moderate Bcl-2 expression, and induces necrosis in cells with overexpressed Bcl-2. F16 can be used in research related to breast cancer and gastric cancer.

Gallium hematoporphyrin is a heme analogue and a selective targeting agent against Mycobacteroides abscessus. Gallium hematoporphyrin induces ROS production and inhibits biofilm formation as well as disrupts preformed biofilms in both smooth and rough colony morphotypes of Mycobacteroides abscessus. Gallium hematoporphyrin interferes with heme-dependent metabolic pathways and suppresses the growth of clinical Mycobacteroides abscessus isolatess, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 1 μg/ml. Gallium hematoporphyrin exhibits synergistic antibacterial activity with Clarithromycin (HY-17508) against Mycobacteroides abscessus. Gallium hematoporphyrin can be used for the research of Mycobacteroides abscessus infection.

Dihexyl phthalate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihexyl phthalate (HY-W011215). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihexyl phthalate is an orally active phthalate ester (PAEs) widely used as a plasticizer, and it acts as an environmental endocrine disruptor. Dihexyl phthalate exhibits endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic properties, induces oxidative stress and inflammation, and ultimately causes apoptosis and damage to reproductive organs such as the testes. Dihexyl phthalate can be used in studies related to developmental toxicity, embryonic lethality, teratogenicity, and abnormal development of the male reproductive system.

Iberverin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iberverin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species[1].