C16-PAF
Based on 43 publication(s) in Google Scholar
C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.
Nur für Forschungszwecke. Wir verkaufen nicht an Patienten.
- Reinheit: 99.15%
- CAS. Nr.: 74389-68-7
- Formel: C26H54NO7P
- Molecular Weight:523.68
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Speicherung:
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) C16-PAF
More- Cell Metab. 2024 Jun 18:S1550-4131(24)00189-X. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 17;16(1):1715. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2026 Jan 30;17(1):185. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Aug:144:156949. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Feb 12:139:156464. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Apr:126:155208. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 7;21(1):532. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026 Jul 7;123(27):e2523789123.
- Apoptosis. 2024 Feb;29(1-2):121-141. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Apr 27:152258. [Abstract]
- Diabetes Metab J. 2025 Nov 24. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;15(4):887-901. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2025 Aug 27. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Aug 1:235:231-247. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Nov 13;68(21):23277-23299. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 29;12:630380. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Jul 30;81(1):325. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2025 Nov 4,8(45):21698–21711.
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2026 Jun 28:1028:179011. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Nov 2;143(Pt 3):113536. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul:120:110392. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2026 Jan 22:2026:5595023. [Abstract]
- Transl Stroke Res. 2024 Dec 28. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Aug 19;99(8):e0064925. [Abstract]
- Cell Cycle. 2026 Dec;25(1):1-16. [Abstract]
- Hum Exp Toxicol. 2022 Jan-Dec;41:9603271221121320. [Abstract]
- Cell Biochem Funct. 2022 Jan;40(1):79-89. [Abstract]
- J Cancer. 2025 May 31;16(8):2578-2594. [Abstract]
- Neuroscience. 2024 May 9:S0306-4522(24)00196-9. [Abstract]
- Placenta. 2025 Dec:172:167-178. [Abstract]
- Tissue Cell. 2024 Dec 31:93:102713. [Abstract]
- 3 Biotech. 2025 Jan;15(1):4. [Abstract]
- Theriogenology. 2026 Aug:260:117909. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2024 May 31:130651. [Abstract]
- Discov Oncol. 2023 Jul 1;14(1):118. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Oncol. 2026 Jun 16. [Abstract]
- Pulm Circ. 2024 Nov 21;14(4):e70013. [Abstract]
- J Reprod Dev. 2024 Aug 7;70(4):238-246. [Abstract]
- Genes Genomics. 2026 Jan 14. [Abstract]
- Stem Cells Dev. 2025 Nov 26. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 8.
- Aging (Albany NY). 2024 Oct 11;16(19):12850-12865. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep 4:179:117359. [Abstract]
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WB
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IF
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WB
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Alle MEK Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen
MoreAlle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen
More
Biologische Aktivität
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
ERK |
MEK |
C16-PAF (PAF (C16); 0.5-1.5 μM; for 24 hours) elicits significant concentration-dependent neuronal loss in PAFR / but not PAFR+/+ cultures. C16-PAF (1 μM) elicits neuronal death in PAFR / cells infected with EGFP alone[1].
C16-PAF (1 μM; for 24 hours) activates caspase 7 but not caspase 3 in PAFR / neurons[1].
C16-PAF is synthesized by two distinct pathways; the remodeling pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway. C16-PAF acts by binding to a unique G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor[2][3].
C16-PAF (1-25 μg/ml; 6, 12, 24 h) inhibits M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG growth in a time-dependent manner[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from PAFR−/− and PAFR+/+ mice
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Concentration:0.5-1.5 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Elicited significant concentration-dependent neuronal loss in PAFR−/− but not PAFR+/+ cultures in serum-free media.
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Cell Line:CGNs
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Concentration:1 μM
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Incubation Time:24 hours
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Result:Activated caspase 7 but not caspase 3 in PAFR−/− neurons.
Chemical Information
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CAS. Nr. 74389-68-7
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Appearance Oil
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Molecular Weight 523.68
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Formel C26H54NO7P
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)COP(OCC[N+](C)(C)C)([O-])=O
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Synonyms
PAF (C16)
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Versand
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Speicherung
-20°C, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
Publications (43)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2024 Jun 18:S1550-4131(24)00189-X. PMID: 38897198 -
Nat Commun
The CXCL8/MAPK/hnRNP-K axis enables susceptibility to infection by EV-D68, rhinovirus, and influenza virus in vitro. [Abstract]2025 Feb 17;16(1):1715. PMID: 39962077
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 17;16(1):1715. [Abstract]
WB was performed to measure the protein levels of pERK1/2 and ERK1/2. C16-PAF (100 nM) facilitates the activation of the MAPK pathway and increases EV-D68 78 replication in CXCL8-silenced cells.
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 17;16(1):1715. [Abstract]
C16-PAF (100 nM) facilitates the activation of the MAPK pathway and increases EV-D68 replication in CXCL8-silenced cells.
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Cell Death Dis
Lactate transmission from hypoxic tumor cells promotes macrophage senescence and M2 polarization via the DNMT1-NHE7 axis to accelerate endometrial cancer progression. [Abstract]2026 Jan 30;17(1):185. PMID: 41617670 -
Phytomedicine
Guggulsterone suppresses osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting glycolysis through MAPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug:144:156949. PMID: 40517691
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 Aug:144:156949. [Abstract]
Western blot analysis of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA levels in 143B and U2R cells treated with C16-PAF (1 µM).
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Phytomedicine
Brusatol inhibits malignant phenotypes and lipid metabolism of osteosarcoma cells by regulating PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. [Abstract]2025 Feb 12:139:156464. PMID: 39970856 -
Phytomedicine
Oleanolic acid inhibits hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes-induced premetastatic niche formation in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting ERK1/2-NFκB signaling. [Abstract]2024 Apr:126:155208. PMID: 38387275 -
J Transl Med
Preclinical evaluation of Mito-LND, a targeting mitochondrial metabolism inhibitor, for glioblastoma treatment. [Abstract]2023 Aug 7;21(1):532. PMID: 37550679
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 7;21(1):532. [Abstract]
LN229 and U251 cells were treated with 1.25 µM Mito-LND and/or 20 µM C16-PAF for 36 h, then cell viabilities were evaluated by CCK-8 assay.
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 7;21(1):532. [Abstract]
The effects of Mito-LND and/or C16-PAF (20 µM) treatment on the levels of p-ERK1/2, p-p90RSK, Bcl-2 and Bax in LN229 and U251 cells were assessed by western blot analysis.
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2023 Aug 7;21(1):532. [Abstract]
The effects of Mito-LND and/or C16-PAF (20 µM) treatment on the mitochondrial membrane potential, Scale bar: 40 μm.
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Apoptosis
Promoting effect and immunologic role of secretogranin II on bladder cancer progression via regulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. [Abstract]2024 Feb;29(1-2):121-141. PMID: 37848672 -
Int J Biol Macromol
CircMAPK1-encoded micropeptide circMAPK1-110aa inhibits proliferation and differentiation of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells by suppressing MAPK1/3 phosphorylation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27:152258. PMID: 42055358 -
Diabetes Metab J
Hepatocyte RAP1A Deletion Impairs Lipid Catabolism and Worsens Steatosis via Autophagy Activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24. PMID: 41277000 -
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
Vitamin D receptor activation targets ROS-mediated crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes in cholestasis mice. [Abstract]2023;15(4):887-901. PMID: 36280140 -
Phytother Res
Poricoic Acid A, an Active Ingredient Extracted From Poria cocos, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Growth by Suppressing MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27. PMID: 40859778 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Resveratrol induces ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer through NEDD4L-mediated GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation. [Abstract]2025 Aug 1:235:231-247. PMID: 40316059
C16-PAF purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Aug 1:235:231-247. [Abstract]
In SUM159 cells treated with ERK agonist (1 μM C16-PAF) in combination with indicated concentrations of RES for 12 h, the protein levels of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-NEDD4L, NEDD4L, p-SGK1, SGK1 and GPX4 were measured by western blotting assays.
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J Med Chem
Discovery of Novel P2Y14R Inhibitors for Ameliorating Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 13;68(21):23277-23299. PMID: 41178760 -
Front Immunol
2021 Mar 29;12:630380. PMID: 33854503 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Suppression of Skp2 contributes to sepsis-induced acute lung injury by enhancing ferroptosis through the ubiquitination of SLC3A2. [Abstract]2024 Jul 30;81(1):325. PMID: 39079969 -
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Eur J Pharmacol
Eupalinolide A attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting lung fibroblast transition. [Abstract]2026 Jun 28:1028:179011. PMID: 42178011 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Isoliquiritigenin alleviates neuropathic pain by reducing microglia inflammation through inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway and decreasing CEBPB transcription expression. [Abstract]2024 Nov 2;143(Pt 3):113536. PMID: 39488922 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Glucocorticoids improve the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveitis through the P38MAPK-MEF2C axis. [Abstract]2023 Jul:120:110392. PMID: 37262960 -
Mediators Inflamm
After Traumatic Brain Injury, EPHA4 Enhances Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote M1 Microglial Polarization Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan 22:2026:5595023. PMID: 41583121 -
Transl Stroke Res
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Brain Edema Around Intracerebral Hematoma via ERK-Mediated Regulation of MMP9 and AQP4. [Abstract]2024 Dec 28. PMID: 39733198 -
J Virol
Membrane protein CRISPR screen identifies RPSA as an essential host factor for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19;99(8):e0064925. PMID: 40736249 -
Cell Cycle
Inhibition of SGK3 regulates hyperplastic scar development in rats through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Dec;25(1):1-16. PMID: 41674333 -
Hum Exp Toxicol
Androgen receptor suppresses inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells in allergic asthma through MAPK1 and MAPK14. [Abstract]2022 Jan-Dec;41:9603271221121320. PMID: 35982617 -
Cell Biochem Funct
MEK1 activation enhances the ex vivo proliferation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell. [Abstract]2022 Jan;40(1):79-89. PMID: 34855220 -
J Cancer
Identification of Quercetin as a Natural MMP1 Inhibitor for Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. [Abstract]2025 May 31;16(8):2578-2594. PMID: 40535817 -
Neuroscience
DCPIB Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarization and Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]2024 May 9:S0306-4522(24)00196-9. PMID: 38734301 -
Placenta
miR-196a-5p suppresses the MAPK/ERK pathway by targeting HOXA7 to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts in gestational diabetes. [Abstract]2025 Dec:172:167-178. PMID: 41274131 -
Tissue Cell
Targeting Siglec-15 mediates mitochondrial retrograde regulation of cervical cancer development. [Abstract]2024 Dec 31:93:102713. PMID: 39756115 -
3 Biotech
Suppression of KLF5 targets RREB1 to restrain the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan;15(1):4. PMID: 39676889 -
Theriogenology
RFRP-3 suppresses ovarian granulosa cell function in Tan sheep via dual signaling pathways: PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK1/2. [Abstract]2026 Aug:260:117909. PMID: 41924772 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj
Cannabidiol reverts the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the GPR55/TP53/MAPK axis. [Abstract]2024 May 31:130651. PMID: 38825256 -
Discov Oncol
Ritanserin suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting DGKα to downregulate phospholipase D and the Jak-Stat/MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jul 1;14(1):118. PMID: 37392305 -
Clin Transl Oncol
Filamin C activates MAPK/ERK signaling to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jun 16. PMID: 42301608 -
Pulm Circ
High gestational leucine level dampens WDPCP/MAPK signaling to impair the EMT and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in congenital heart defects. [Abstract]2024 Nov 21;14(4):e70013. PMID: 39582775 -
J Reprod Dev
Role and action mechanisms of tPA in CRH-induced apoptosis of mouse oviductal epithelial and mural granulosa cells. [Abstract]2024 Aug 7;70(4):238-246. PMID: 38910127 -
Genes Genomics
TSTA3 promotes the malignant progression of bladder cancer by regulating LAMP2 and MAPK signaling pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [Abstract]2026 Jan 14. PMID: 41533307 -
Stem Cells Dev
ADAMTS2 Mediates Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle Stem Cells Under Compressive Stress and Inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Nov 26. PMID: 41313669 -
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Aging (Albany NY)
USP4 promotes PTC progression by stabilizing LDHA and activating the MAPK and AKT signaling pathway. [Abstract]2024 Oct 11;16(19):12850-12865. PMID: 39393052 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Echinatin alleviates sepsis severity through modulation of the NF-κB and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. [Abstract]2024 Sep 4:179:117359. PMID: 39236479
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (190.96 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Konzentration (Stammlösung) × Volumen (Stammlösung) = Konzentration (Ziellösung) × Volumen (Ziellösung)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.77 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.77 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Reinheit & Dokumentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Verweise
[1]. Scott D Ryan, et al. Heterogeneity in the sn-1 carbon chain of platelet-activating factor glycerophospholipids determines pro- or anti-apoptotic signaling in primary neurons. J Lipid Res. 2008 Oct;49(10):2250-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Z Honda, et al. Transfected platelet-activating factor receptor activates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and MAP kinase kinase in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21;269(3):2307-15. [Content Brief]
[3]. Muhammad S Riaz, et al. Direct Growth Inhibitory Effect of Platelet Activating Factor C-16 and Its Structural Analogs on Mycobacteria. Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 11;9:1903. [Content Brief]
[4]. Jing Chu, et al. IGHG1 Regulates Prostate Cancer Growth via the MEK/ERK/c-Myc Pathway. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jul 4;2019:7201562. [Content Brief]
[5]. Nina Bögershausen, et al. RAP1-mediated MEK/ERK pathway defects in Kabuki syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2015 Sep;125(9):3585-99. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9096 mL | 9.5478 mL | 19.0956 mL | 47.7391 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3819 mL | 1.9096 mL | 3.8191 mL | 9.5478 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1910 mL | 0.9548 mL | 1.9096 mL | 4.7739 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1273 mL | 0.6365 mL | 1.2730 mL | 3.1826 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0955 mL | 0.4774 mL | 0.9548 mL | 2.3870 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0764 mL | 0.3819 mL | 0.7638 mL | 1.9096 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0637 mL | 0.3183 mL | 0.6365 mL | 1.5913 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0477 mL | 0.2387 mL | 0.4774 mL | 1.1935 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0382 mL | 0.1910 mL | 0.3819 mL | 0.9548 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0318 mL | 0.1591 mL | 0.3183 mL | 0.7957 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0239 mL | 0.1193 mL | 0.2387 mL | 0.5967 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0191 mL | 0.0955 mL | 0.1910 mL | 0.4774 mL |