Cat. No.: HY-W015883

Fumaric acid

4 Cited Publications

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

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Pureté: 99.91%
CAS No.: 110-17-8
Formule: C₄H₄O₄
Masse moléculaire:116.07

Stockage:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Fumaric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 110-17-8

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Essai clinique
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform p38 MAPK :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NF-κB :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Endogenous Metabolite :

In Vitro

Fumaric acid (50 μM, 24 h) inhibits p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway and decreases the expression of eotaxin-1 in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

NIH/3T3
Concentration:

50 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Inhibited p38 MAPK and IκB-a phosphorylation.
Attenuated TNF-a-induced NF-κB and decreased the expression of CCR3.
Reduced the NF-κB activation induced by TRADD, TRAF2, and MEKK3.

In Vivo

Fumaric acid (10 mL/kg, intravenously injected) is used to treat gestational hypertension by down-regulating the expression of KCNMB1 and TET1^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Gestational hypertension rat model^[3]
Dosage:

10 mL/kg
Administration:

i.v.
Result:

Downregulated the levels of TET1 and KCNMB1.

Essai clinique

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 110-17-8
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 116.07
Formule C₄H₄O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)/C=C/C(O)=O
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayWBCell Imaging/StainingBio/Physico-chemical Assay

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227
Gut Microbes

Therapeutic potential of Clostridium butyricum anticancer effects in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2186114. PMID: 36941257
Phytomedicine

Theabrownins improve burn-induced kidney injury by increasing the levels of guanidinoacetic acid and fumaric acid. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156609. PMID: 40090045

Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]

Fumaric acid (12 h). MTT assays were performed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of GAA and FA pretreatments on the viability of HK2 cells exposed to CDDP.

Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]

Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). Western blot analysis was performed to assess the impacts of GAA and FA pretreatments on KIM1 protein levels in HK2 cells following exposure to H₂O₂.

Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]

Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). FIGURETUNEL staining was performed to evaluate the effects of FA pretreatments on the degree of apoptosis in HK2 cells exposed to CDDP.

Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]

Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). The effects of the FA pretreatments on intracellular GSH levels in HK2 cells exposed to erastin were evaluated.

Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]

Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). Western blotting was conducted to evaluate the effects of FA pretreatments on the levels of GPX4 in HK2 cells exposed to erastin.
Food Chem

Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:489:144992. PMID: 40466530

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (215.39 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 11.11 mg/mL (95.72 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

8.6155 mL

43.0775 mL

86.1549 mL

5 mM

1.7231 mL

8.6155 mL

17.2310 mL

10 mM

0.8615 mL

4.3077 mL

8.6155 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.54 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.54 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.54 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (71.77 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (274 KB)
SDS (537 KB)
- English - EN (537 KB)
- Français - FR (537 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (537 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (537 KB)
- Español - ES (537 KB)
- Swedish - SV (537 KB)
- Italian - IT (537 KB)
- Korean - KR (537 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (537 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Whelan DT, et al. Fumaric aciduria: a new organic aciduria, associated with mental retardation and speech impairment. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 31;132(3):301-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Roh KB, et al. Fumaric acid attenuates the eotaxin-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts by suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Aug;58:423-31. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhou Y, et al. Fumaric acid and succinic acid treat gestational hypertension by downregulating the expression of KCNMB1 and TET1. Exp Ther Med. 2021 Oct;22(4):1072. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	8.6155 mL	43.0775 mL	86.1549 mL	215.3873 mL
	5 mM	1.7231 mL	8.6155 mL	17.2310 mL	43.0775 mL
	10 mM	0.8615 mL	4.3077 mL	8.6155 mL	21.5387 mL
	15 mM	0.5744 mL	2.8718 mL	5.7437 mL	14.3592 mL
	20 mM	0.4308 mL	2.1539 mL	4.3077 mL	10.7694 mL
	25 mM	0.3446 mL	1.7231 mL	3.4462 mL	8.6155 mL
	30 mM	0.2872 mL	1.4359 mL	2.8718 mL	7.1796 mL
	40 mM	0.2154 mL	1.0769 mL	2.1539 mL	5.3847 mL
	50 mM	0.1723 mL	0.8615 mL	1.7231 mL	4.3077 mL
	60 mM	0.1436 mL	0.7180 mL	1.4359 mL	3.5898 mL
	80 mM	0.1077 mL	0.5385 mL	1.0769 mL	2.6923 mL
DMSO	100 mM	0.0862 mL	0.4308 mL	0.8615 mL	2.1539 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Fumaric acid

4 Cited Publications

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Fumaric acid

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