Cell Staining Analysis

Pyranine (HPTS; Solvent Green 7) is a cell-impermeant pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Pyranine acts as a class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu⁺ ion. Pyranine is used as a coloring agent, biological stain, optical detecting reagent, and pH indicator (Ex/Em = 450/510 nm).

Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) (SNARF 1) is a fluorescent probe that is sensitive to pH (Ex: 488 nm). Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) can be used for measurement pH. Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) exhibits a significant emission shift from yellow-orange (Em: 580 nm) to deep red fluorescence (Em: 640 nm) under acidic and basic conditions (pH=7-8), respectively.

Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction .

Acriflavine (Acriflavinium chloride) is a fluorescent acridine dye that can be used to label nucleic acid. Acriflavine is an antiseptic agent. Acriflavine is a potent HIF-1 inhibitor that prevents the dimerization of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. Acriflavine inhibits the interaction between monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and Basigin. Acriflavine is used in cancer research, such as breast cancer, brain tumor and chronic myeloid leukemia. Acriflavine is a potent papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor, which inhibits SARS-CoV-2.

Fluo-3 AM is a fluorecent Ca²⁺ chelator, with high affinity for calcium. Fluo-3 AM can specifically identify intracellular calcium ions, with high sensitivity, low cytotoxicity, increased AM acetylmethyl ester can enter the cell well, after being sheared by the intracellular esterase stay in the cell to bind to calcium ions, produce strong fluorescence.

BODIPY TR Cadaverine, a cadaverine derivative, is a red fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR Cadaverine can be used in a a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent displacement assay, which binds to native LPS strongly, specifically recognizing lipid A, and is competitively displaced by compounds displaying an affinity for lipid A.

Di-8-ANEPPS is a naphthylstyryl voltage-sensitive dye, shifting both their fluorescence excitation and emission spectra upon changes in V_m .

Copper Fluor-4 (CF4) is a Cu⁺-specific fluorescent probe based on a rhodol dye scaffold. Copper Fluor-4 has high copper selectivity with a K_d value of 2.9×10⁻¹³ M, particularly over zinc and iron, as well as abundant cellular alkali and alkaline earth metals. Copper Fluor-4 is stable in a physiologically relevant pH regime between 6 and 8 (wavelengths of 415 nm for excitation and 660 nm for emission).

MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].

Di-4-ANEPPDHQ is a polarity-sensitive membrane probe with a doubly positive charge that can be used to visualize membrane microdomains in living Arabidopsis cells. Di-4-ANEPPDHQ produces a fluorescence spectrum shift by changing the polarity of the lipid environment after embedding into the cell membrane, thereby quantifying the degree of lipid accumulation. The excitation wavelength of Di-4-ANEPPDHQ is 488 nm, and the emission wavelengths are 560 nm and 650 nm in the liquid ordered and disordered phases, respectively. Di-4-ANEPPDHQ is often used for fluorescence imaging studies of membrane microstructure, lipid order, and membrane tension response in living cells[1][2][3].

Peroxy Orange 1 (PO1) is a new H₂O₂ specific probe that can bind to green fluorescent highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) probe APF. Peroxy Orange 1 is also a living cell dye.

BCECF is a cell-impermeant pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. BCECF allows measurements in the physiological pH range 6.0-8.0. Excitation ratio: 490/440 nm; Emission intensity: 535 nm.

NIAD-4 is a blood-brain barrier permeable fluorophore for optical imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the central nervous system (CNS) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NIAD-4 binds to the same Aβ site with the binding affinity (K_i) of 10 nM.

1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) is a chemical that is used to find fingerprints on porous surfaces. 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one reacts with amino acids present in the fingerprint to form highly fluorescent derivatives (Ex/Em = ~470/570).

NBD-PE is an effective lipid fluorescent probe (Excitation/Emission: 465/535 nm; Color: Green). NBD-PE offers a wide array of applications in membrane and cell biology.

Zinquin ethyl ester is a cell-permeable and lipophilic fluorescent derivative of Zinquin (HY-D0982). Zinquin ethyl ester reacts with protein-bound Zn²⁺ in cells and forms fluorescent ternary adducts. Zinquin ethyl ester undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases impeding its efflux across the plasma membrane (Ex/Em = 370/470 nm).

DFHO is a fluorogenic ligand of Corn fluorogenic aptamer. The RNA aptamer, Corn binds DFHO with a K_d value of 70 nM and converts it to a fluorescent form, enabling RNA imaging in cells.

MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos is a fluorescent dye that labels mitochondria within live cells utilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Ex/Em: 551/576 nm).

BCECF Acetoxymethyl ester is a cell membrane permeable compound widely-used as a fluorescent indicator for intracellular pH. BCECF Acetoxymethyl ester could diffuse through the cell membrane and intracellular esterase cleave the ester bond releasing BCECF (HY-101882). BCECF allows measurements in the physiological pH range 6.0-8.0. Excitation ratio: 490/440 nm; Emission intensity: 535 nm.

BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm. Protect from light, stored at -20°C.