Enzyme Labeling

BZiPAR is a fluorescent probe. BZiPAR also is a substrate of trypsin that becomes fluorescent after cleavage by the protease.

Ac-IETD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate of caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-10, and granzyme B.

X-Gluc cyclohexanamine is a dye reagent for the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme produced by E. coli. X-Gluc cyclohexanamine can be used to detect E. coli contamination in food, water and the urinary tract (GUS as a specific detection indicator). X-Gluc cyclohexanamine is also widely used in molecular biology experiments to label and detect the expression of target genes (reacts with the GUS gene, appears blue).

Mca-(ala7,lys(dnp)9)-bradykinin is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate for ECE-1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-1). The incorporation of a (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl (Mca) fluorescent group and a 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) quenching group has resulted in a large fluorescence increase upon substrate cleavage.

Z-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a fluorogenic substrate for trypsin and papain. Z-Arg-AMC hydrochloride can be used to research activity of trypsin (Ex/Em=355/460 nm).

Z-DEVD-AFC is a cell-permeant substrate for caspase-3, which causes a shift in fluorescence uponcleavage of the AFC fluorophore. Z-DEVD-AFC can be used to detect caspase-3-like enzymes activity.

D-Lys(Z)-Pro-Arg-pNA diacetate is a chromogenic peptide substrate of activated protein C (APC).

6’-Amino-D-luciferin is a derivative of D-luciferin (HY-12591A) with an amino group replacing the 6-hydroxyl group. 6’-Amino-D-luciferin is a natural substrate of luciferase (Luc) and can be used for IVIS imaging in cell/animal experiments[1][2][3].

4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc) can be used as a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase. 4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide is cleaved by N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase to generate a yellow solution. The enzyme activity is quantitatively determined by absorbance detection.

4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate is an excellent fluorophore for measuring acid lipase in human leukocytes. Acidity and solvent have important influence on its fluorescence. 4-Methylumbelliferyl palmitate exists mainly as neutral molecular form which can be produced strong fluorescence at 445 nm in near neutral aqueous solutions, and exist mainly as anion form which can be produced stronger fluorescence at 445 nm in weak alkaline solutions.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic β-xylosidase substrate. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside can be used to test β-xylosidase activity.

Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 is a potent ruthenium-based dye. Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 can bu used as an effective quencher of quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence and the capture probe of virus antigen EV71. Ru(bpy)2(mcbpy-O-Su-ester)(PF6)2 can be used sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) labels for detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

7-Methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (MFC) is a fluorescent substrate for cytochrome P450 and can quantify CYP activity.

Malachite green hemioxalate (MCCK1) is a triphenylmethane dye which can be used to detect the release of phosphate in enzymatic reactions. Malachite green hemioxalate has antibacterial activity, which is attributed to inhibition of intracellular enzymes, insertion into DNA and/or interaction with cell membranes. Malachite green hemioxalate is also a potent and selective inhibitor of IKBKE, and inhibits its downstream targets such as IκBα, p65 and IRF3. Malachite green hemioxalate exhibits antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.

4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium is a fluorogenic substrate for heparan sulfate sulfamidase, with apparent K_m values of 4 mM and 8 mM for fibroblast and leukocyte enzymes, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium undergoes enzymatic desulfation to generate an intermediate, which requires a second incubation with yeast α-glucosidase to hydrolyze and release 4-methylumbelliferone, detected by fluorescence at Ex/Em = 365/450 nm. 4-MU-α-GlcNS sodium is suitable for fibroblast homogenates, leukocytes, and dried leukocyte filter paper samples, and can be used for the detection and study of enzyme activity in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA.

X-Gluc sodium is a dye reagent for the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme produced by E. coli. X-Gluc sodium can be used to detect E. coli contamination in food, water and the urinary tract (GUS as a specific detection indicator). X-Gluc sodium is also widely used in molecular biology experiments to label and detect the expression of target genes (reacts with the GUS gene, appears blue).

Rose-β-D-Gal is a chromogenic substrate, is also a β-galactosidase substrate. Rose-β-D-Gal creates a pink/magenta color after the reaction and has been used for detection of β-gal activity.

Bz-FVR-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for procathepsin with a k_cat/K_m value of 1070 mM^-1s^-1. The high concentration of BZ-FVR-AMC inhibits the substrate.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium is a fluorescent dye. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium undergoes desulphation by galactose-6-sulphate sulphatase to form 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, which is cleaved by β-galactosidase to release fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium interacts with N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) via hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and steric interactions. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium serves as a substrate in assays measuring galactose-6-sulphate sulphatase and GALNS activity. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium can be used for the research of Morquio disease type A (mucopolysaccharidosis IV A).

ETZ (C3-CA-DTZ) is a promising luciferase substrate (prosubstrate) activatable in vivo by nonspecific esterase to enhance the brain delivery of the luciferin.