Fumaric acid
Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Fumaric acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid, an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that provides intracellular energy in the form of ATP. Fumaric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway dependent on p38 MAPK. Fumaric acid can be used in the study of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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- Purity: 99.91%
- CAS No.: 110-17-8
- 화학식: C4H4O4
- 분자량:116.07
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보관:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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용액&용해도
- 순도&문서
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Fumaric acid
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Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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WB
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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WB
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Fumaric acid (50 μM, 24 h) inhibits p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway and decreases the expression of eotaxin-1 in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:NIH/3T3
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Concentration:50 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited p38 MAPK and IκB-a phosphorylation.
Attenuated TNF-a-induced NF-κB and decreased the expression of CCR3.
Reduced the NF-κB activation induced by TRADD, TRAF2, and MEKK3.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Gestational hypertension rat model[3]
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Dosage:10 mL/kg
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Administration:i.v.
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Result:Downregulated the levels of TET1 and KCNMB1.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 110-17-8
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Appearance Solid
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분자량 116.07
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화학식 C4H4O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(O)/C=C/C(O)=O
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Structure Classification
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선적
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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보관
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (4)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Gut Microbes
2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2186114. PMID: 36941257 -
Phytomedicine
Theabrownins improve burn-induced kidney injury by increasing the levels of guanidinoacetic acid and fumaric acid. [Abstract]2025 May:140:156609. PMID: 40090045
Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]
Fumaric acid (12 h). MTT assays were performed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of GAA and FA pretreatments on the viability of HK2 cells exposed to CDDP.
Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]
Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). Western blot analysis was performed to assess the impacts of GAA and FA pretreatments on KIM1 protein levels in HK2 cells following exposure to H₂O₂.
Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]
Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). FIGURETUNEL staining was performed to evaluate the effects of FA pretreatments on the degree of apoptosis in HK2 cells exposed to CDDP.
Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]
Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). The effects of the FA pretreatments on intracellular GSH levels in HK2 cells exposed to erastin were evaluated.
Fumaric acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2025 May:140:156609. [Abstract]
Fumaric acid (50 μM; 12 h). Western blotting was conducted to evaluate the effects of FA pretreatments on the levels of GPX4 in HK2 cells exposed to erastin.
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Food Chem
Flavonoid-mediated metabolic underpinning quality variation in red bud-sport pear mutants. [Abstract]2025 Oct 15:489:144992. PMID: 40466530
용액&용해도
DMSO : 25 mg/mL (215.39 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 11.11 mg/mL (95.72 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.54 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.54 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL (71.77 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
순도&문서
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (453 KB)
- English - EN (453 KB)
- Français - FR (453 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (453 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (453 KB)
- Español - ES (453 KB)
- Swedish - SV (453 KB)
- Italian - IT (453 KB)
- Korean - KR (453 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (453 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Whelan DT, et al. Fumaric aciduria: a new organic aciduria, associated with mental retardation and speech impairment. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 31;132(3):301-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Roh KB, et al. Fumaric acid attenuates the eotaxin-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts by suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Aug;58:423-31. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhou Y, et al. Fumaric acid and succinic acid treat gestational hypertension by downregulating the expression of KCNMB1 and TET1. Exp Ther Med. 2021 Oct;22(4):1072. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 8.6155 mL | 43.0775 mL | 86.1549 mL | 215.3873 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7231 mL | 8.6155 mL | 17.2310 mL | 43.0775 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8615 mL | 4.3077 mL | 8.6155 mL | 21.5387 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5744 mL | 2.8718 mL | 5.7437 mL | 14.3592 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4308 mL | 2.1539 mL | 4.3077 mL | 10.7694 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3446 mL | 1.7231 mL | 3.4462 mL | 8.6155 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2872 mL | 1.4359 mL | 2.8718 mL | 7.1796 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2154 mL | 1.0769 mL | 2.1539 mL | 5.3847 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1723 mL | 0.8615 mL | 1.7231 mL | 4.3077 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1436 mL | 0.7180 mL | 1.4359 mL | 3.5898 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1077 mL | 0.5385 mL | 1.0769 mL | 2.6923 mL | |
| DMSO | 100 mM | 0.0862 mL | 0.4308 mL | 0.8615 mL | 2.1539 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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