Fatty Acid Standards

2-Methylsuccinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylsuccinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylsuccinic acid is a normal metabolite in human fluids and the main biochemical measurable features in ethylmalonic encephalopathy.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (α-Hydroxyisovaleric acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid (HY-W008150). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is an α-hydroxy analogue of valine and a valine precursor that reduces urea excretion. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid can promote the growth of chickens and rats, and is converted into valine in the body, participating in protein synthesis and maintaining nitrogen balance, thereby supporting animal growth and development. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid has a more significant effect on the valine-deficient dietary model. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid is mainly used in animal nutrition research to evaluate its potential application as a nitrogen source substitute in feed.

Sorbic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sorbic acid (HY-N0626). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sorbic acid is an antibacterial preservative effective against most molds, yeasts, and some bacterial species. Sorbic acid inhibits microbial growth. Sorbic acid suppresses the activity of intestinal microorganisms in zebrafish, alters the composition of intestinal flora, and reduces the levels of intestinal immune biomarkers, including IgG, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Sorbic acid can be used in research on the prevention and treatment of mold, yeast, and bacterial infections.

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (Standard) is an analytical standard for 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (HY-W592871). This product is intended for research and analytical applications.10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is an orally active unsaturated medium-chain fatty acid with various physiological activities. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in human venous endothelial cells. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating the AMPK-α signaling pathway. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid protects against bone loss by inhibiting NF-κB signaling downstream of FFAR4. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid is an antibiotic against many bacteria and fungi, such as Neurospora sitophila, molds and Staphylococcus aureus. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid has longevity-promoting effects in C. elegans. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid prevents osteoarthritis by targeting aspartyl β hydroxylase and inhibiting chondrocyte senescence.

2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

Levulinic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Levulinic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Levulinic acid is a precursor for the synthesis of biofuels, such as ethyl levulinate.

(9Z,11E)-Prodlure (Standard) is the analytical standard of (9Z,11E)-Prodlure. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (9Z,11E)-Prodlure ((9Z,11E)-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate) is the main component of the sex pheromone of female Spodoptera littoralis[1].

2-Methylpentanedioic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylpentanedioic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylpentanedioic acid is a metabolite of succinic acid, a citric acid cycle intermediate.

4-Methyloctanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Methyloctanoic acid (HY-W010178). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Methyloctanoic acid is an endogenous branched-chain medium-chain fatty acid and a negative regulator of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. 4-Methyloctanoic acid exerts antiepileptic effects by inhibiting epileptiform discharges and terminating behavioral and electroencephalographic seizures. 4-Methyloctanoic acid has neuroprotective effects; its polar metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier, repair presynaptic release defects, improve motor function and alleviate neuromuscular degeneration in ALS models. 4-Methyloctanoic acid regulates phosphatidylinositol metabolism, reduces PIP/PIP₂ levels and increases inositol levels. 4-Methyloctanoic acid can be used in studies related to epilepsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Ethylmalonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethylmalonic acid (HY-34740). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethylmalonic acid is a short-chain organic dicarboxylic acid. Ethylmalonic acid synergistically induces mitochondrial permeability transition (MP) with Ca²⁺, inhibits Mi-CK, and disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism. Ethylmalonic acid can be used in the research of SCADD, EE and other genetic metabolic diseases characterized by EMA accumulation.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

Timosaponin BII (Standard) is the analytical standard of Timosaponin BII. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Timosaponin BII (Prototimosaponin A III) is a steroid saponin found in the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Timosaponin BII has neuronal protective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Mesaconic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mesaconic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mesaconic acid (Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Mesaconic acid reduces the level of NF-κB in colon tissues, downregulates the expression of Keap1 and Bax, upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl2, and decreases the expression of Caspase-1. Mesaconic acid reduces the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Casp-1 in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increases the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, elevates NAD⁺ levels, regulates oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels, and upregulates intestinal barrier proteins in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid increases the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces the abundance of harmful gut bacteria in rapidly aging mice, and exhibits anti-aging properties. Mesaconic acid acts as a flame retardant and serves as a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. Mesaconic acid can be used in the research of aging-related inflammation.

2-​Methylhexanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-​Methylhexanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-methylhexanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid and is used as flavouring[1].

3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid (HY-113058). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is a medium-chain β-hydroxy fatty acid that possesses antibacterial, antifungal, and quorum-sensing regulatory activities. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is an endogenous agonist of the human HCAR3 receptor, decreases intracellular cAMP, reduces IL-1beta secretion, increases IL-10 secretion, and decreases ROS production in macrophages. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid inhibits quorum-sensing-regulated pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and inhibits the yeast-to-hypha transition in Candida albicans. 3-Hydroxyoctanoic acid is used in research related to metabolism, bacterial infections, and fungal infections.

trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. trans-2-Butene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (Dihydromuconic acid; trans-β-Hydromuconic acid) is an endogenous metabolite[1][2].

Capsaicin (Purity 65%) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsaicin (Purity 65%). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is a mixture of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin (Ratio >2:1).Capsaicin (Purity 65%) is an orally active capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) agonist.

Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (HY-W011311). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester is a degradation product of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (Compound 1). Compound 1 can be isolated from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Compound 1 induces Apoptosis.

L-Norvaline (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Norvaline (HY-Y0399). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Norvaline is the inhibitor for arginase, that promotes the production of NO, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin resistance, and exhibits antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects. L-Norvaline can be used in research of Alzheimer’s disease.

Pimelic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pimelic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pimelic acid is the organic compound and its derivatives are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid called lysine.Pimelic acid can be used in keratoconus research.