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dysbiosis

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

21

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1

Screening Libraries

2

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2

Peptides

7

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Products

1

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-116282C
    Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 35000-45000)
    5+ Cited Publications

    DSS (MW 35000-45000); DXS (MW 35000-45000)

    		 Apoptosis Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) is a polymer of dehydrated glucose with a molecular weight of approximately 35000-45000. DSS with different molecular weights exhibits different biological activities. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) is a potent inducer of colitis. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) can be used to induce model acute colitis, chronic colitis, and colitis-related colon cancer. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) (MW 35000-45000) may be related to macrophage dysfunction, intestinal flora dysbiosis, and is particularly toxic to the colonic epithelium .
    Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 35000-45000)
  • HY-123606
    GSK484
    Maximum Cited Publications
    49 Publications Verification

    		 Protein Arginine Deiminase MHC Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    GSK484 is a PAD4 inhibitor that effectively inhibits protein citrullination and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by blocking the catalytic activity of PAD4. GSK484 suppresses the production of histone H3, MHC-I expression, CD8 + T cell activation, proliferation and inflammatory cytokine release. GSK484 reduces inflammation and bone destruction in collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis, alleviates pain and mast cell activation in sickle cell disease, and improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and experimental colitis. In addition, GSK484 restores intestinal microbial homeostasis by reversing ferroptosis-induced dysbiosis. GSK484 can be used to study the disease mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, thrombosis, myocardial injury, colitis and other conditions .
    GSK484
  • HY-P1068
    Lysozyme
    5+ Cited Publications

    Muramidase

    		 Bacterial TNF Receptor Interleukin Related TGF-β Receptor Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Lysozyme (Muramidase) is a conserved antimicrobial protein. Lysozyme exerts its bactericidal effect by hydrolyzing bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PG). Lysozyme plays an important role in limiting bacterial growth on mucosal surfaces and other sites, not only controlling potential pathogens but also limiting overgrowth of microbiota to prevent dysbiosis. Extracellular lysozyme can also degrade polymeric PG into soluble fragments, activate NOD receptors in mucosal epithelial cells, and lead to the secretion of chemokines and activating factors by neutrophils and macrophages .
    Lysozyme
  • HY-B1648
    Ferric pyrophosphate

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Cardiovascular Disease
    Ferric pyrophosphate is an orally effective anti-inflammatory agent and iron fortifier. Ferric pyrophosphate downregulates the expression of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulates the intestinal flora, and corrects the dysbiosis associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Ferric pyrophosphate can be used in studies related to iron deficiency anemia .
    Ferric pyrophosphate
  • HY-B1134
    Imazalil
    1 Publications Verification

    Enilconazole

    		 Environmental Pollutants Fungal Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Infection
    Imazalil (Enilconazole) is a fungicide. Imazalil has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder .
    Imazalil
  • HY-125740
    Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride

    Malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride; Oenin chloride

    		 NF-κB TNF Receptor NO Synthase Interleukin Related Inflammation/Immunology
    Malvidin-3-glucoside (Malvidin-3-O-glucoside; Oenin) chloride is an orally active inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, which blocks inflammatory responses induced by TNF-α, reduces IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, and upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS to increase NO production. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6, and regulating intestinal microorganisms and metabolites, while protecting endothelial cells and improving intestinal microecological dysbiosis under inflammatory conditions. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride can be used to study chronic inflammatory-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, and has the potential to prevent vascular inflammation and improve intestinal health .
    Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride
  • HY-W002199
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol

    6:2 FTOH; 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol; 2-(Perfluorohexyl)ethanol

    		 Bacterial Apoptosis ERK TNF Receptor Infection Neurological Disease
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable modulator of cyclin D1 and ETS1. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol downregulates cyclin D1 expression, upregulates ETS1 via the TNF-α/ERK 1/2 pathway, impairs mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory function, increases reactive oxygen species levels, disrupts calcium homeostasis and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and induces cell proliferation inhibition and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol induces morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryos and liver developmental damage, while disrupting the brain immune microenvironment in mice, causing systemic toxicity and delayed pup maturation in CD-1 mice. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol also induces cortical neuron apoptosis, glial cell activation, synaptic abnormalities, colonic barrier damage, intestinal dysbiosis and autism spectrum disorder-like symptoms in mice. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol shows no mutagenic, clastogenic, primary skin/eye irritation or skin sensitizing effects, exhibits no selective reproductive toxicity in CD-1 mice, and is classified as GHS Category 4 for acute oral toxicity. 6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol can be used in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders and autism spectrum disorders .
    6:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol
  • HY-B1953
    Thiacloprid
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Environmental Pollutants Insecticide nAChR Infection
    Thiacloprid is an orally active neurotoxic insecticide and also a nAChR agonist. Thiacloprid reduces the viability of healthy cells, depletes reduced glutathione, and increases MDA levels, thereby inducing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage. In practical applications, Thiacloprid has lower acute toxicity to honeybees than other compounds of the same class such as Imidacloprid (HY-B0838), but it still significantly impairs the learning and memory function, immune capacity and survival status of honeybees. Thiacloprid induces intestinal microbial dysbiosis and reduces survival rate in middle-aged honeybees, increases the risk of premature collapse in bumblebee colonies, and significantly decreases the final colony weight and reproductive output. Thiacloprid is used in broad-spectrum agricultural pest control, often alone or in combination with Deltamethrin (HY-B1971), and meets the pest management needs of various crops including potatoes, cabbages, various fruits and vegetables, and nuts .
    Thiacloprid
  • HY-W013636C
    2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
    5+ Cited Publications

    Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid potassium

    		 Tyrosinase Endogenous Metabolite TNF Receptor Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
    2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) (potassium) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium is a reversible and orally active inhibitor of tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 15 mM. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium significantly suppresses abnormal intestinal permeability, delocalization of tight junction proteins from the intestinal cells, expression of TNFα in vitro and in vivo. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium directly binds to TAK1, and inhibits the TRAF6-TAK1 interaction. 2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium also alleviates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms and gut microbiota dysbiosis, evident by the improvements in the intestine length .
    2-Ketoglutaric acid potassium
  • HY-N1050
    Zederone

    		mTOR Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) Bacterial Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Zederone is a sesquiterpene. Zederone inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation through mTOR/p70s6K signalling pathway. Zederone inhibits CYP activities with IC50s of 2.9 μM (CYP2B6), 9.2 μM (CYP2C9), 11,2 μM (CYP2C19) and >30 μM (CYP1A2 and CYP2D6). Zederone is hepatotoxic with LD50 value at 24 hours in mice of approximately 223 mg/kg and cytotoxic against the KG1a cell line. Zederone shows antibacterial activity against a number of multi-drug resistant and Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Zederone shows cognition improving capacity and assists in the modulation of gut bacterial dysbiosis .
    Zederone
  • HY-N0902
    Dihydrosanguinarine

    13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine

    		 Fungal Bacterial Interleukin Related Infection Inflammation/Immunology
    Dihydrosanguinarine (13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine) is an alkaloid with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and also an important precursor of Sanguinarine (HY-N0052). Dihydrosanguinarine targets and regulates the TNF/IL-17/PI3K signaling pathway, downregulates the levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6, upregulates the expression of TGF-β, inhibits myeloperoxidase activity, and regulates the transcription of multiple inflammation-related genes. Dihydrosanguinarine exhibits antibacterial activity against a variety of oral microorganisms. Dihydrosanguinarine can be used in research related to liver inflammation and oral flora dysbiosis .
    Dihydrosanguinarine
  • HY-128696
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity

    Amlodipine aspartate

    		 Drug Metabolite Calcium Channel Cardiovascular Disease
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity (Amlodipine aspartate) is the impurity of Amlodipine aspartic acid. Amlodipine aspartic acid is a calcium channel blocker with antihypertensive and antianginal properties. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity can control blood pressure. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity corrects gut dysbiosis and enhances taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity can be studied in research for NAFLD and hypertension .
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity
  • HY-B1134A
    Imazalil sulfate
    1 Publications Verification

    Enilconazolel sulfate

    		 Environmental Pollutants Fungal Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) Infection
    Imazalil (Enilconazole) sulfate is a fungicide. Imazalil sulfate has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil sulfate is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil sulfate induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder .
    Imazalil sulfate
  • HY-122450
    Pyroglutamylleucine

    pGlu-Leu; pyroGlu-Leu

    		 Bacterial Infection
    Pyroglutamylleucine (pGlu-Leu) is an orally active peptide. Pyroglutamylleucine can be present in certain food protein hydrolysates and traditional Japanese fermented foods. Pyroglutamylleucine attenuates dysbiosis by increasing in the host antimicrobial peptide, Rattusin (HY-P11548) .
    Pyroglutamylleucine
  • HY-178748
    PKM2-IN-12

    		Pyruvate Kinase Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Cancer
    PKM2-IN-12 is an orally active PKM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 nM. PKM2-IN-12 inhibits COLO-205 cell proliferation and migration, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis. PKM2-IN-12 significantly reduces cellular levels of lactate, pyruvate, and ROS. PKM2-IN-12 directly kills cancer cells and restores disrupted gut microbiota balance in mice model. PKM2-IN-12 can be used to study colorectal cancer .
    PKM2-IN-12
  • HY-125740R
    Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (Standard)

    Malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard); Oenin chloride (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Interleukin Related NO Synthase NF-κB TNF Receptor Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Malvidin-3-glucoside (Malvidin-3-O-glucoside; Oenin) chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (HY-125740). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride is an orally active inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, which blocks inflammatory responses induced by TNF-α, reduces IκB-α degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, and upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS to increase NO production. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory molecules such as MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6, and regulating intestinal microorganisms and metabolites, while protecting endothelial cells and improving intestinal microecological dysbiosis under inflammatory conditions. Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride can be used to study chronic inflammatory-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, and has the potential to prevent vascular inflammation and improve intestinal health .
    Malvidin-3-glucoside chloride (Standard)
  • HY-N12670
    Egg oil

    		PI3K Akt Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Egg oil is a natural oil, which consists primarily of cholesterol, lecithin and glycerides of the fatty acids. Egg oil exhibits activity in regulating the gut microbial dysbiosis, alleviating obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation .
    Egg oil
  • HY-B1953R
    Thiacloprid (Standard)

    		Reference Standards nAChR Insecticide Infection
    Thiacloprid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiacloprid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiacloprid is an orally active neurotoxic insecticide and also a nAChR agonist. Thiacloprid reduces the viability of healthy cells, depletes reduced glutathione, and increases MDA levels, thereby inducing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage. In practical applications, Thiacloprid has lower acute toxicity to honeybees than other compounds of the same class such as Imidacloprid (HY-B0838), but it still significantly impairs the learning and memory function, immune capacity and survival status of honeybees. Thiacloprid induces intestinal microbial dysbiosis and reduces survival rate in middle-aged honeybees, increases the risk of premature collapse in bumblebee colonies, and significantly decreases the final colony weight and reproductive output. Thiacloprid is used in broad-spectrum agricultural pest control, often alone or in combination with Deltamethrin (HY-B1971), and meets the pest management needs of various crops including potatoes, cabbages, various fruits and vegetables, and nuts .
    Thiacloprid (Standard)
  • HY-B1134R
    Imazalil (Standard)

    Enilconazole (Standard)

    		 Reference Standards Fungal Infection
    Imazalil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Imazalil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Imazalil (Enilconazole) is a fungicide. Imazalil has oral activity and strongly activates mPXR but not mCAR in mouse liver. Imazalil is commonly used to protect various agricultural crops against fungal attack. Imazalil induces developmental abnormalities, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and hepatic metabolism disorder .
    Imazalil (Standard)
  • HY-128696R
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity (Standard)

    Amlodipine aspartate (Standard)

    		 Drug Metabolite Reference Standards Calcium Channel Cardiovascular Disease
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity (Amlodipine aspartate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of amlodipine aspartic acid impurity. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity is the impurity of Amlodipine aspartic acid. Amlodipine aspartic acid is a calcium channel blocker with antihypertensive and antianginal properties. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity can control blood pressure. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity corrects gut dysbiosis and enhances taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity can be studied in research for NAFLD and hypertension .
    Amlodipine aspartic acid impurity (Standard)
  • HY-B1953S
    Thiacloprid-d4

    		nAChR Insecticide Infection
    Thiacloprid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Thiacloprid. Thiacloprid is an orally active neurotoxic insecticide and also a nAChR agonist. Thiacloprid reduces the viability of healthy cells, depletes reduced glutathione, and increases MDA levels, thereby inducing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage. In practical applications, Thiacloprid has lower acute toxicity to honeybees than other compounds of the same class such as Imidacloprid (HY-B0838), but it still significantly impairs the learning and memory function, immune capacity and survival status of honeybees. Thiacloprid induces intestinal microbial dysbiosis and reduces survival rate in middle-aged honeybees, increases the risk of premature collapse in bumblebee colonies, and significantly decreases the final colony weight and reproductive output. Thiacloprid is used in broad-spectrum agricultural pest control, often alone or in combination with Deltamethrin (HY-B1971), and meets the pest management needs of various crops including potatoes, cabbages, various fruits and vegetables, and nuts .
    Thiacloprid-d4

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