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substrates

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (578) Cardiovascular Disease (144) Endocrinology (30) Infection (256) Inflammation/Immunology (265) Metabolic Disease (467) Neurological Disease (235)
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2918

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

230

Fluorescent Dyes

424

Biochemical Assay Reagents

734

Peptides

MCE Kits

Inhibitory Antibodies

319

Natural
Products

121

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-15934

X-GAL 5 Publications Verification BCIG	Fluorescent Dye Glycosidase	Others
X-GAL (BCIG) is a widely used chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate. X-GAL is a colorless compound until cleaved by β-galactosidase, at which point X-GAL turns to an insoluble and detectable blue compound, making X-GAL particularly useful in techniques such as blue-white screening for cloning in bacteria. X-GAL can also be used for detection of β-galactosidase activity .

HY-D1670

Z-Gly-Pro-AMC 3 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Z-Gly-Pro-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate. Z-Gly-Pro-AMC is hydrolyzed by prolyl endopeptidase to generate highly fluorescent 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin (HY-D0027). (λ_ex=380 nm, λ_em=465 nm) .

HY-136626

Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC 3 Publications Verification Cbz-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC (Cbz-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC) is the legumain substrate. Overexpressed legumain in 293 HEK-Leg cells potently cleaved CBZ-Ala-Ala-Asn-AMC .

HY-D0994

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate 1 Publications Verification 4-MUP; MUP	Phosphatase	Others
4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP), an anionic organophosphate, is a acid and alkaline phosphatase fluorogenic substrate. 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate is also a nerve agent simulant .

HY-116022A

4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium hexahydrate 2 Publications Verification p-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium hexahydrate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
4-Nitrophenyl phosphate (p-nitrophenyl phosphate) disodium hexahydrate is widely used as a small molecule phosphotyrosine-like substrate in activity assays for protein tyrosine phosphatases. 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium hexahydrate is a colorless substrate that upon hydrolysis is converted to a yellow 4-nitrophenolate ion that can be monitored by absorbance at 405 nm .

HY-D0995

7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine 2 Publications Verification MESG	Fluorescent Dye	Others
7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine (MESG) is a chromogenic substrate that can be converted to 7-methyl-6-thioguanine in the presence of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and inorganic phosphate. 7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine can be used to quantify inorganic phosphate. 7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine can also be used to determine the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and protein phosphatases .

HY-D0145

7-Ethoxyresorufin 1 Publications Verification Resorufin ethyl ether	Cytochrome P450 NO Synthase	Others
7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase .

HY-W039911

4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside PNP-alpha-D-Gal; PNP-α-D-Gal	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) is an artificial substrate of 4-nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranoside for detecting α-galactosidase activity. The amount of released pNP is significantly increased when 4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside is used as substrates .

HY-D0183

ATP-polyamine-biotin 3 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
ATP-polyamine-biotin, the first cell-permeable ATP analogue, is an efficient kinase cosubstrate. ATP-polyamine-biotin promotes biotin labeling of kinase substrates in live cells .

HY-D0055

3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin 1 Publications Verification	Cytochrome P450	Others
3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is a fluorescent cytochrome P-450 substrate that generates a blue fluorescent product upon enzymatic cleavage. 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is used to detect the activity of mixed-function oxidases in isolated rat hepatocytes. 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin serves as a biological dye and indicator for research .

HY-137841

L-Arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride Arginine 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide hydrochloride	Cathepsin	Others
L-Arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (Arginine 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide) hydrochloride is a specific substrate of cathepsin H but not for cathepsins L and B .

HY-129096

IDT307 2 Publications Verification	Fluorescent Dye	Others
IDT307, an analog of the organic cation MPP+, is a specific fluorescent substrate for DAT (fluorescent substrate APP+) .

HY-15936

L-Glutamic acid γ-(3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide) ammonium salt L-γ-Glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide ammonium salt	γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)	Metabolic Disease
L-Glutamic acid γ-(3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide) ammonium salt is a donor substrate of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) that can be used to measure GGT activity .

HY-16710

GPDA 1 Publications Verification GPN; Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate	Fluorescent Dye	Others
GPDA (GPN; Glycylproline p-nitroanilide tosylate) is a chromogenic substrate of prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. GPDA is used to detect the activity of prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in human serum .

HY-137840

Hippuryl-L-phenylalanine	Carboxypeptidase	Cancer
Hippuryl-L-phenylalanine is a substrate of carboxypeptidase. Carboxypeptidase is a protease enzyme that related with obesity, epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Hippuryl-L-phenylalanine can be used for the determination of carboxypeptidase activity .

HY-P5990

Prostate Specific Antigen Substrate	PSMA	Cancer
Prostate Specific Antigen Substrate is a prostate specific antigen (PSA) fluorescent substrate. Prostate Specific Antigen Substrate can be used for detect enzymatic activity of PSA .

HY-P3815

*Casein Kinase 2 Substrate* Peptide** 2 Publications Verification	Casein Kinase	Others
Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide is a common CK2 substrate peptide. Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide is synthesized with its C-terminus conjugated to 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS). Casein Kinase 2 Substrate Peptide can be used for protein kinase CK2 activity determination .

HY-P3949

*Fluorescent Substrate* for Glu-Specific Proteases**	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Fluorescent Substrate for Glu-Specific Proteases is a V8 protease-Specific chromogenic substrate .

HY-P2179

*MMP-1/MMP-9 Substrate, Fluorogenic*	Fluorescent Dye MMP	Others
MMP-1/MMP-9 Substrate, Fluorogenic is a fluorogenic substrate for MMP-1 and MMP-9 .Ex/Em = 340/440 nm

HY-131475

Naphthol AS-BI phosphate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Naphthol AS-BI phosphate is a substrate for acid and alkaline phosphatase and can be used in fluorescence assays. Naphthol AS-BI phosphate is a kind of biological materials or organic compounds that are widely used in life science research .

HY-52112

BCDA 1 Publications Verification 5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl acetate	Fluorescent Dye	Others
BCDA (5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl acetate) is a chromogenic substrate of esterase used to potently detect the activity of esterase .

HY-112832

Lumigen APS-5	Phosphatase	Infection
Lumigen APS-5 is a substrate of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Lumigen APS-5 can be used to assess the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) .

HY-P10620

GGGYK-Biotin	Bacterial	Others
GGGYK-Biotin is a substrate peptide designed to study the substrate specificity of Sortase A. GGGYK-Biotin can be used to develop Sortase A variants with different substrate specificities .

HY-P2498A

*Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate* acetate**	Cathepsin	Cancer
Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate acetate is a fluorogenic substrate for cathepsins D and E and not for B, H or L. The cleavage occurs at the Phe-Phe amide bond resul. Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a valuable tool for routine assays and for mechanistic studies on cathepsins E and D .

HY-W100403

Choline tosylate Choline p-toluenesulfonate	Phospholipase	Others
Choline tosylate (Choline p-toluenesulfonate) is an intermediate and also a substrate of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT). Choline tosylate inhibits phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C .

HY-P10042

S6K Substrate	Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)	Others
S6K Substrate is a substrate for active protein kinases, including CLK2, MRCKalpha, MRCKbeta, p70S6K, ROCK1, ROCK2, RSK1, RSK3, PIM1 .

HY-W015996

4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide pNP-GalNAc	Fluorescent Dye	Others
4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc) can be used as a chromogenic substrate for N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase. 4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminide is cleaved by N-acetyl-D-galactosaminase to generate a yellow solution. The enzyme activity is quantitatively determined by absorbance detection .

HY-P10044

IGF1Rtide	RET	Others
IGF1Rtide can be used as a RET kinase substrate for RET kinase assays .

HY-164094A

Isobutyryl-CoA trisodium	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
Isobutyryl-CoA trisodium is a substrate of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase .

HY-P10002

EWFW-ACC	Proteasome	Cancer
EWFW-ACC is the tetrapeptide *substrate* for the immunoproteasome and has selectivity for the LMP7 subunits .

HY-P4319

Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-AMC	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Boc-Glu-Lys-Lys-AMC is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate for urokinase-activated plasmin .

HY-P4500

Z-Arg-Arg-pNA	Cathepsin	Others
Z-Arg-Arg-pNA is a substrate for cathepsin B and can be used to detect this enzyme activity .

HY-155878

5-Fluoro-2′-deoxy-UTP	Biochemical Assay Reagents DNA/RNA Synthesis	Others
5-Fluoro-2′-deoxy-UTP can be used as a substrate for DNA synthesis .

HY-P10094

β-Ala-Gly-Arg-pNA	Fluorescent Dye	Others
β-Ala-Gly-Arg-pNA is a chromogenic substrate of thrombin with pNA a strong absorbance at 405 nm .

HY-W011410

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-mannopyranoside p-Nitrophenyl β-D-Mannopyranoside	Glycosidase	Others
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-mannopyranoside is a useful substrate for β-D-mannopyranosidase. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-mannopyranoside is also a substrate for GH1-glucosidase (EaBgl1A) and α-L-rhamnosidase .

HY-P10043

MMP-1 Substrate	MMP	Others
MMP-1 Substrate is a matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) selective substrate that can be used for the fluorometric determination of MMP-1 enzymatic activity .

HY-134445

N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide Bz-Try-pNA	Ser/Thr Protease	Others
N-Benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide is a chymotrypsin substrate .

HY-P3934

*HIV Protease Substrate* I**	HIV Protease	Infection
HIV Protease Substrate I is a chromogenic substrate of HIV-1 protease. HIV Protease Substrate I has the cleavage site of HIV protease .

HY-164094

Isobutyryl-CoA Isobutyryl-coenzyme A	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
Isobutyryl-CoA is a substrate of isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase .

HY-137837

D-Ile-Pro-Arg p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
D-Ile-Pro-Arg p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride is a chromogenic peptide substrate of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) .

HY-P10145

Ac-LEVD-pNA	Biochemical Assay Reagents Caspase	Others
Ac-LEVD-pNA is a chromogenic substrate for caspase-4 and can be used to detect caspase-4 activity .

HY-P4312

Boc-Leu-Lys-Arg-AMC	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Boc-Leu-Lys-Arg-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for the Kex2 endoprotease .

HY-170462

CSPD substrate	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
CSPD substrate is a chemiluminescent substrate of alkaline phosphatase. CSPD substrate provides the enhanced alkaline phosphatase sensitivity and a more simplified assay .

HY-P3363

Z-DEVD-AMC	Caspase	Cancer
Z-DEVD-AMC is a selective caspase-3 substrate that can be measured by fluorescence spectrometry. AMC can be used as a fluorescence reference standard for AMC-based enzyme substrates including AMC-based caspase substrates .

HY-W040116

MUF-diNAG 4-Methylumbelliferyl N,N-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
MUF-diNAG (4-Methylumbelliferyl N,N-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside) can be used as a fluorescent substrate. MUF-diNAG is a kind of biological materials or organic compounds that are widely used in life science research .

HY-P2498

Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate	Cathepsin	Others
Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a fluorogenic substrate for cathepsins D and E and not for B, H or L. The cleavage occurs at the Phe-Phe amide bond resul. Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a valuable tool for routine assays and for mechanistic studies on cathepsins E and D .

HY-P2414

MMP-13 Substrate	MMP	Inflammation/Immunology
MMP-13 Substrate is a substrate of MMP-13. MMP-13 Substrate can be used for the research of osteoarthritis (OA) .

HY-P1344A

*DAPK Substrate* Peptide TFA**	DAPK	Cancer
DAPK Substrate Peptide TFA is a synthetic peptide substrate for death associated protein kinase (DAPK), with a K_m of 9 μM .

HY-P3921

Casein Kinase II Substrate	Casein Kinase	Cancer
Casein Kinase II Substrate is a casein kinase II (CK2) peptide substrate that can be selectively phosphorylated by CK2 .

HY-P4496

Tos-Gly-Pro-Lys-pNA	Phosphatase	Others
Tos-Gly-Pro-Lys-pNA is a substrate for the serine protease ALP and can be used to measure the activity of this enzyme .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-12591A

D-Luciferin 105+ Cited Publications D-(-)-Luciferin; Firefly luciferin; Beetle Luciferin	Natural Products Animals Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fluorescent Dye
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004A), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .

HY-18743

Coelenterazine 5 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Structural Classification Monophenols Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Coelenterazine is a luminescent enzyme substrate for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase. Renilla luciferase and substrate coelenterazine has been used as the bioluminescence donor in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) to detect protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe and it can also be used in chemiluminescent detection of peroxynitrite (Ex/Em = 429/466 nm) .

HY-N0122

5-Hydroxytryptophan 2 Publications Verification 5-HTP; DL-5-Hydroxytryptophan	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Phenols Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite 5-HT Receptor
5-Hydroxytryptophan, a tryptophan metabolite, is a direct 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor and an L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase substrate. .

HY-W013046

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium PRPP pentasodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) pentasodium is an important metabolite required in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the amino acids histidine and tryptophan, and the cofactors NAD and NADP .

HY-112942A

CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt 4 Publications Verification CMP-Neu5Ac sodium salt	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) sodium salt is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid sodium salt is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .

HY-W010832

Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	P2Y Receptor DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y₆ receptor native agonist (EC₅₀=300 nM; pEC₅₀=6.52 for human P2Y₆ receptor). Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .

HY-W015495

L-Dihydroorotic acid 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-W012241

Dodecanedioic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PROTAC Linkers
Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-W014502

D-Kynurenine	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cancer	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
D-kynurenine, a metabolite of D-tryptophan, can serve as the bioprecursor of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine. D-Kynurenine is an agonist for G protein-coupled receptor, GPR109B. D-Kynurenine is a substrate in a fluorometric assay of D-amino acid oxidase. D-kynurenine promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) .

HY-113056A

N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride is an acetyl derivative of polyamines and a substrate for polyamine oxidase (PAO). N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can promote Apoptosis in combination with Procyanidins. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride has a certain cleavage efficiency at apurinic sites of DNA. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can be used in colorectal cancer research .

HY-W008772

4-Hydroxymephenytoin	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate.

HY-114365

UDP-GalNAc disodium 1 Publications Verification UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine disodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
UDP-GalNAc (UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine) disodium is a sugar nucleotide and a substrate for EpsC115. EpsC115 is a mutant with N-terminal residues 1-115 deleted from the exopolymeric substance (EPS). UDP-GalNAc disodium is a donor substrate for many N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, which transfer GalNAc from nucleotide sugars to sugar or peptide acceptors. UDP-GalNAc disodium provides a sugar group donor for glycosylation reactions. UDP-GalNAc disodium can be used in cancer research, such as colorectal and breast cancer .

HY-134433

GDP-L-fucose	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
GDP-L-fucose is a nucleotide sugar that is a key substrate for the biosynthesis of fucose oligosaccharides, providing the fucose moiety for the oligosaccharides.The formation of GDP-L-fucose occurs through two pathways, the major ab initio metabolic pathway and the minor remedial metabolic pathway. GDP-L-fucose is associated with diabetes in rats .

HY-B1465

1-Hexadecanol Palmityl alcohol	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate. 1-Hexadecanol can be used for the research of ferroptosis .

HY-112169A

10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid disodium can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .

HY-N6840

Xylotetraose	Structural Classification Zea mays L. Polysaccharides Classification of Application Fields Gramineae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Xylotetraose is a xylo-oligosaccharide and a substrate of Taxy11. Xylotetraose serves as a substrate for the endo-xylanase Taxy11, and is hydrolyzed by it into xylobiose and xylotriose .

HY-113013

Hydroxypyruvic acid β-Hydroxypyruvic acid; 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a *substrate* for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

HY-113315

3b-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid is a steroidal monohydroxy bile acid and serves as a substrate for sulfation reactions. It is applicable to the research of extrahepatic biliary atresia and recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy .

HY-133068

5-Hydroxyferulic acid	other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	COMT Endogenous Metabolite
5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and is a metabolite of the phenylpropanoid pathway. 5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of sinapic acid and is also a COMT non-esterifed substrate .

HY-113128C

(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate DL-α-Glycerol phosphate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is an a-site substrate analogue. (Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is bound to the a-site, the rate of reaction of indole and nucleophilic indole analogues with E(A-A) is strongly inhibited .

HY-N2453

Convallatoxin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Cardiacglycosides Ranunculaceae Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids	PPAR NF-κB P-glycoprotein
Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .

HY-137824

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside	Structural Classification Animals Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside) is an enzymatically hydrolyzable β-D-xylopyranoside substrate. The enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside is mediated by the stereochemistry-retaining β-D-xylosidase GSXynB2 via a two-step catalytic process (xylosylation followed by dexylosidation). 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside serves as a substrate for the β-xylosidase of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414, and its enzymatic hydrolysis process is limited by the dexylosidation step.

HY-76006

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde M-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	Cardiovascular Disease Monophenols Microorganisms other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) NF-κB p38 MAPK
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) (HY-N0295). 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, produced by 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, is a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in rats and humans. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has vasculoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is proming for research of atherosclerosis .

HY-Y0127

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

HY-W004305

Hexadecanal Palmitaldehyde	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
Hexadecanal (Palmitaldehyde) , a volatile long-chain aliphatic aldehyde, is emitted from human feces, skin, and breath. The receptor for hexadecanal(OR37B) is highly conserved across mammals. Hexadecanal may exert its effects by modulating functional connectivity between the brain substrates of social appraisal and the brain substrates of aggressive execution. Also, Hexadecanal is confirmed to be highly deterrent to the ant Lasius niger. Hexadecanal is promising for the research of startle responses and aggression

HY-N6831

Xylohexaose 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Polysaccharides Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Xylohexaose is a xylooligosaccharide composed of six xylose residues. Xylohexaose can be produced by hydrolysis of beechwood xylan by AfXynA. Xylohexaose serves as a substrate for the determination of xylan hydrolysis activity .

HY-112169

10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a form of tetrahydrofolic acid that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid can be used as a substrate for formyltransferase reactions and is involved in the biosynthesis of purines .

HY-W010820

Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	P2Y Receptor DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a potent, selective P2Y₆ receptor native agonist (EC₅₀=300 nM; pEC₅₀=6.52) and a potent P2Y₁₄ antagonist (pEC₅₀=7.28). Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt, an endogenous metabolite, catalyzes the glucuronidation of a wide array of substrates and is used in nucleic acid (RNA) biosynthesis .

HY-112942

CMP-Sialic acid CMP-Neu5Ac	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
CMP-Sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) is an allosteric inhibitor of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase. CMP-Sialic acid provides a substrate for Golgi sialyltransferases. CMP-Sialic acid is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates .

HY-134421

2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR)
2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium is an inactivator and a substrate of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-β-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase and other enoyl-CoA reductases, and it is also the lithium salt of trans-2-methyl-2-butenoyl coenzyme A. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium acts on short-chain and medium-chain coenzyme A dehydrogenases as well as glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and shows no activity against wild-type isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium functions as a metabolite in the L-isoleucine catabolic pathway, and can serve as a substrate in the activity assay of 3-ketothiolase. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium is applicable to research related to 3-ketothiolase deficiency .

HY-B1746

Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate	Alkaloids Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Pyridine Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6 bound to phosphoric acid. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate is the aminated form of Pyridoxal 5'-?phosphate monohydrate (HY-W011727A) and as co-factor of a variety of enzymes central metabolite, potent antioxidant, vitamin B6 vitamer and enzyme substrate. Pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate can be interconverted with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate .

HY-113291

5'-Deoxyadenosine 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Phosphorylase
5'-Deoxyadenosine is a 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase substrate and deoxyadenosine. 5'-Deoxyadenosine serves as a non-metabolizable substrate for nucleoside transport assays only in cells lacking 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase .

HY-B2188

S-Methyl-L-cysteine 2 Publications Verification L-S-Methylcysteine	other families Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Plants Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.

HY-122273

Pyrithiamine hydrobromide	Microorganisms Source Classification	Drug Derivative
Pyrithiamine hydrobromide is a thiamine metabolic inhibitor that can act as a substrate for thiamine pyrophosphokinase. Pyrithiamine hydrobromide can be used in the research of nervous system diseases .

HY-N1750

3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Plants Moraceae Endogenous metabolite Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ficus carica L. Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Tyrosinase
3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (DPPacid) is a competitive Tyrosinase inhibitor. It exhibits an IC₅₀ value of 3.02 μM against mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine as the substrate, an IC₅₀ value of 62 μM with DL-DOPA as the substrate, and a K_i value of 11.5 μM. 3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid shows no DPPH radical scavenging activity. It can be used in studies related to ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced hyperpigmentation .

HY-117029

NAAD sodium 1 Publications Verification Deamido nad sodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NAAD sodium (Deamido nad sodium), a functional NAD ⁺ precursor, is the substrate of glutamine-dependent NAD ⁺ synthetase. NAAD sodium is used to study the structure of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases .

HY-A0279A

Pristinamycin IA 1 Publications Verification Mikamycin B; Mikamycin IA	Microorganisms Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Cyclopeptides Other Diseases Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Antibiotic
Pristinamycin IA (Mikamycin B) is a cycle-peptidic macrolactone antibiotic. Pristinamycin IA is a substrate of P-glycoprotein and inhibits its function. Pristinamycin IA is active against StaphyloEoccus and Srreptococcus .

HY-101017

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride 2 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Akt Calcium Channel
Palmitoylcarnitine chloride is a fatty acid-derived mitochondrial substrate, and selectively decreases cell survival in colorectal and prostate cancer cells by affecting on pro-inflammatory pathways, Ca ²⁺ influx, and DHT-like effects .

HY-153039

Anhydroleucovorin	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Drug Intermediate
Anhydroleucovorin is a form of tetrahydrofolate and serves as a substrate for cyclohydrolase, which converts it to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. Anhydroleucovorin can be used in oncology research .

HY-108776

(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate sodium DL-α-Glycerol phosphate sodium	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate sodium is an a-site substrate analogue. (Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate sodium is bound to the a-site, the rate of reaction of indole and nucleophilic indole analogues with E(A-A) is strongly inhibited .

HY-N4194

Glabrone 1 Publications Verification	Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Disease Research Fields Isoflavones Source Classification	PPAR Influenza Virus
Glabrone is an isoflavone found in Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Glabrone exhibits significant PPAR-γ ligand binding activity. Glabrone is a specific UGT1A9 probe substrate, and its metabolites can block influenza virus release by inhibiting neuraminidase (NA). Glabrone can be used to screen for herb-drug interactions and for anti-influenza virus activity .

HY-113098

2-Oxovaleric acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Lactate Dehydrogenase Drug Derivative
2-Oxovaleric acid is an analog of Pyruvate and a substrate inhibitor of Lactate dehydrogenase, exhibiting substrate inhibitory activity against lactate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus .

HY-W016077

Glycyl-L-leucine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycyl-l-leucine is a dipeptide that can be a common substrate for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase.

HY-W010378

D-Asparagine H-D-Asn-OH	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) acts as a competitive inhibitor of L-asparagine hydrolysis, with a K_i value of 0.24 mM. D-Asparagine serves as a nitrogen source for yeast strains. D-Asparagine is a good substrate for external yeast asparaginase but a poor substrate for internal yeast asparaginase .

HY-W012570

Decyl aldehyde	Infection Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
Decyl aldehyde is a simple ten-carbon aldehyde. Decyl aldehyde is a bacterial luciferase substrate.

HY-149101

Inosine-5'-diphosphate IDP; Inosine-5'-diphosphoric acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	c-Myc Apoptosis
Inosine-5'-diphosphate (IDP) is a decoy substrate of NM23-H2. Inosine-5'-diphosphate has a superior bond capacity on GDP-binding pocket of NM23-H2 (K_D: 5.0 μM). Inosine-5'-diphosphate abrogates c-MYC transcription, induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest by disrupting NM23-H2-Pu27-GQ interactions without affecting NM23-H2-mediated kinase properties. Inosine-5'-diphosphate has antihypoxic, antihyperthermic and antiarrhythmic activity and protects animals against the noxious effects of γ-irradiation. Inosine-5'-diphosphate can be used for cancers like Burkitt's lymphoma and cardiovascular diseases research .

HY-113629

2-Keto-D-Glucose D-Glucosone; D-Arabino-hexos-2-ulose	Infection Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
2-Keto-D-Glucose (D-Glucosone) is a key intermediate in a secondary metabolic pathway leading to the antibiotic Cortalcerone. 2-Keto-D-Glucose is also an intermediate in the conversion of D-glucose into D-fructose. 2-Keto-D-Glucose is found in various natural sources, including fungi, algae, and shellfish .

HY-164642

Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate RuBP	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RUBP) is a vital photosynthetic intermediate and substrate. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate acts as both product and substrate for Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 R15Pi. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate tightly binds to inactive RuBP carboxylase sites in plant leaves.Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate serves as the key substrate for CO₂ fixation in photosynthesis. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate supports carboxylation and regeneration processes in photosynthesis. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate determines the dynamic transition temperature of photosynthetic control. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate can be used for photosynthesis and enzyme mechanism research .

HY-115899

Malonyl CoA Malonyl coenzyme A	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Malonyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl CoA is also a reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 .

HY-59125

(R,R)-(+)-Hydrobenzoin	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
(R,R)-(+)-Hydrobenzoin is a chiral secondary alcohol that can be used as a key substrate or a chiral auxiliary reagent in various catalytic reactions and synthetic experiments .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0150S

Nicotinamide-d4 1 Publications Verification
Nicotinamide-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-B1337S1

Choline-d9 chloride 3 Publications Verification
Choline-d₉ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Choline chloride. Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt, an acyl group acceptor and choline acetyltransferase substrate, also is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth.

HY-B0351S

Taurine-d4 1 Publications Verification
Taurine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-B1337S

Choline-d4 chloride 1 Publications Verification
Choline-d₄ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Choline chloride. Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt, an acyl group acceptor and choline acetyltransferase substrate, also is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth.

HY-W099580S1

Hexadecane-d34
Hexadecane-d₃₄ (n-Hexadecane-d₃₄) is the deuterium labeled Hexadecane (HY-W099580). Hexadecane (n-Hexadecane) is a saturated hydrocarbon of alkanes or paraffins and can be used as an organic solvent. Hexadecane is a component of petroleum, belongs to hydrophobic substrates, and is a model substance for studying bacterial degradation of hydrophobic compounds .

HY-112537S1

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate-13C6 (disodium xhydrate)

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate- ¹³C₆ disodium xhydrate is a ¹³C-labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate is a key central node metabolite in sugar metabolism, serving as the initial metabolite of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and also a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can act as a metabolic stress signal, especially when phosphoglucomutase (PGI) is inhibited, activating the mTOR pathway, promoting protein synthesis, and thereby participating in the remodeling process of the heart. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and heart failure.

HY-B1337S3

Choline-d13 chloride
Choline-d₁₃ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Choline chloride. Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt, an acyl group acceptor and choline acetyltransferase substrate, also is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth.

HY-136490S

Psychosine-d5
Psychosine-d₅ is deuterium labeled Psychosine. Psychosine, a substrate of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, is a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease. Psychosine is a highly cytotoxic lipid, capable of inducing cell death in a wide variety of cell.

HY-B1337S4

Choline Chloride-13C3 1 Publications Verification
Choline Chloride- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Choline (chloride). Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt, an acyl group acceptor and choline acetyltransferase substrate, also is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth.

HY-B0351S2

Taurine-13C2,15N
Taurine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N- labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-B0399S

L-Carnitine-d9

1 Publications Verification

L-Carnitine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-113293BS1

Estrone sulfate-d4 sodium

Estrone sulfate-d₄ sodium is the deuterium labeled Estrone sulfate sodium (HY-113293B). Estrone sulfate sodium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate sodium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate sodium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate sodium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate sodium is applicable to breast cancer-related research .

HY-W008772S

4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d3
4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxymephenytoin. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate .

HY-B0351S1

Taurine-13C2
Taurine- ¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-113466S

4-Hydroxynonenal-d3

4-Hydroxynonenal-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxynonenal. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria .

HY-N0667S5

L-Asparagine-d3 hydrate

1 Publications Verification

L-Asparagine-d₃ hydrate is the deuterium labeled L-Asparagine (HY-N0667). L-Asparagine is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia .

HY-134423S

Stearoyl coenzyme A-13C18 lithium
Stearoyl coenzyme A- ¹³C₁₈ (lithium) is the ¹³C labeled Stearoyl coenzyme A lithium . Stearoyl coenzyme A (Stearoyl-CoA) lithium is an active compound that can be used as a substrate for the determination of stearoyl-Coenzyme desaturase in microsomes .

HY-B0150S2

Nicotinamide-13C6
Nicotinamide- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-G0017S

N-Desmethyl imatinib-d8

N-Desmethyl imatinib-d₈ is a deuterium labeled Imatinib metabolite N-Desmethyl Imatinib (HY-G0017). N‑Desmethyl imatinib (Norimatinib) is an active metabolite of Imatinib (HY-15463), a selective c‑Abl inhibitor, and a substrate of P‑glycoprotein. N-Desmethyl imatinib binds to the c-Abl catalytic domain to prevent substrate phosphorylation, inhibits c-Abl-mediated α-synuclein activation and downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. N-Desmethyl imatinib induces apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells. N-Desmethyl imatinib exhibits significantly elevated plasma levels in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) settings following mild SARS CoV 2 infection. N-Desmethyl imatinib can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and chronic myeloid leukemia .

HY-B0777S

Moxidectin-d3

Moxidectin-d₃ (CL-301423-d₃) is deuterium labeled Moxidectin. Moxidectin (CL301423) is an orally active macrolide (ML) anthelmintic for the prevention and control of heartworms and roundworms. Moxidectin is also a substrate of BCRP and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vivo, and is secreted into breast milk and effluxed from the host and parasite mediated by Bcrp1 and P-gp. This may be related to the presence of chemical residues in milk .

HY-113037CS

Farnesyl pyrophosphate-d2 triammonium

Farnesyl pyrophosphate-d₂ (Farnesyl diphosphate-d₂) triammonium is a deuterium labeled Farnesyl pyrophosphate triammonium (HY-113037C). Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is a metabolic intermediate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. It is a TRP channel (TRPM2) agonist that triggers Ca2+ influx and cell death. Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is a key branch substrate for cholesterol synthesis, ubiquinone synthesis, protein farnesylation, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis. Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is used in research on cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.

HY-112537S2

D-Glucose 6-phosphate-13C

D-Glucose 6-phosphate- ¹³C is ¹³C labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate (HY-112537). D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure.

HY-D0145S

7-Ethoxyresorufin-d5
7-Ethoxyresorufin-d₅ is deuterium labeled 7-Ethoxyresorufin. 7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase .

HY-B0150S1

Nicotinamide-15N,13C3
Nicotinamide- ¹⁵N, ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled and ¹⁵N-labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-144354S

S-Benzyl-DL-cysteine-2,3,3-d3
S-Benzyl-DL-cysteine-2,3,3-d₃ is a deuterium labeled Benzylcysteine. Benzylcysteine is an ASCT2 inhibitor that binds to ASCT2 with an apparent Ki of 780 μM. Benzylcysteine inhibit ASCT2 function based on a competitive mechanism, indicating that Benzylcysteine binds to the substrate-binding site of ASCT2 .

HY-136648S5

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate-13C10 dilithium
2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀ (dATP- ¹³C₁₀) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (HY-136648). 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase.

HY-B1462S

Chlorzoxazone-d3
Chlorzoxazone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Chlorzoxazone. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes.Chlorzoxazone is currently being used as a marker substrate in vitro/vivo studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans.

HY-W011834S

2'-O-Methylcytidine-d3
2'-O-Methylcytidine-d₃ is deuterium labeled 2'-O-Methylcytidine (HY-W011834). 2'-O-Methylcytidine is a 2'-substituted nucleoside as a inhibitor of HCV replication. 2'-O-Methylcytidine inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B)-catalyzed RNA synthesis in vitro, in a manner that is competitive with substrate nucleoside triphosphate.

HY-136648S1

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate-13C10,15N5 dilithium
2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ (dATP- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (HY-136648). 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase.

HY-W008719S

MPP+-d3iodide

MPP+-d₃ (iodide) is deuterium labeled MPP+ (iodide). MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT) .

HY-15926S

ONPG-13C
ONPG- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled ONPG. ONPG is a colorimetric and spectrophotometric substrate for detection of β-galactosidase activit .

HY-B1465S2

1-Hexadecanol-d5
1-Hexadecanol-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexadecanol . 1-Hexadecanol is a fatty alcohol, a lipophilic substrate .

HY-Y0127S

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid-d6
D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid-d₆ is the deuterium labeled D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid. D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.

HY-136490S1

Psychosine-d7
Psychosine-d₇ is deuterium labeled Psychosine. Psychosine, a substrate of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, is a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease. Psychosine is a highly cytotoxic lipid, capable of inducing cell death in a wide variety of cell

HY-112174S

UDP-GlcNAc-13C disodium
UDP-GlcNAc- ¹³C (disodium) is the ¹³C labeled UDP-GlcNAc Disodium Salt. UDP-GlcNAc Disodium Salt (UDP-α-D-N-Acetylglucosamine Disodium Salt) is a donor substrate of O-GlcNAc transferase (O .

HY-W012241S1

Dodecanedioic acid-d4

Dodecanedioic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dodecanedioic acid (HY-W012241). Dodecanedioic acid is an orally active straight-chain dicarboxylic acid. As an alternative energy substrate between lipids and carbohydrates, Dodecanedioic acid can be rapidly oxidized during exercise, reducing muscle fatigue without stimulating insulin secretion. Dodecanedioic acid also exhibits blood glucose-lowering activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus .

HY-17367S4

Atazanavir-d6
Atazanavir-d₆ is deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration . Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) . Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.49 μM .

HY-113263S

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone-d3
17a-Hydroxypregnenolone-d₃ (17-OHP5-d₃) is the deuterium labeled 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone (HY-113263). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a metabolite of Pregnenolone (HY-B0151) and a precursor in the biosynthesis of Dehydroepiandrosterone (HY-14650). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a substrate for the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) .

HY-113037AS

Farnesyl pyrophosphate-d6

Farnesyl pyrophosphate-d₆ (Farnesyl diphosphate-d₆) is a deuterium labeled Farnesyl pyrophosphate (HY-113037B). Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a metabolic intermediate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. It is a TRP channel (TRPM2) agonist that triggers Ca2+ influx and cell death. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a key branch substrate for cholesterol synthesis, ubiquinone synthesis, protein farnesylation, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is used in research on cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.

HY-125954S

Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid-13C,15N2

Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂ (UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (HY-125954). Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid ammonium (UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid ammonium) is a glucuronic acid donor. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid ammonium transfers its glucuronic acid moiety to acceptor molecules, thereby forming "ether" glucuronides, while being converted into uridine 5'-pyrophosphate. Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid ammonium serves as a substrate for Arabidopsis UDP-GlcA 4-epimerase 1, and undergoes reversible 4-epimerization to generate UDP-α-D-galacturonic acid .

HY-W012814S

4-Methylcatechol-d3
4-Methylcatechol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylcatechol . 4-Methylcatechol, a metabolite of p-toluate, is a substrate as well as a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase .

HY-W012814S1

4-Methylcatechol-d8
4-Methylcatechol-d₈ is the deuterium labeled 4-Methylcatechol . 4-Methylcatechol, a metabolite of p-toluate, is a substrate as well as a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase .

HY-17367S2

Atazanavir-d9
Atazanavir-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Atazanavir. Atazanavir (BMS-232632), a highly selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, is the first protease inhibitor approved for once-daily administration . Atazanavir (BMS-232632) is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4, and an inhibitor and inducer of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) . Atazanavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.49 μM .

HY-113056AS

N1-Acetylspermidine-d6 hydrochloride

N1-Acetylspermidine-d₆ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride is an acetyl derivative of polyamine. N1-acetylspermine is the substrate for the polyamine oxidase (PAO). N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride selectively elevates its level in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. N1-acetylspermidine shows cleavage efficiency at apurinic sites in DNA .

HY-A0016S

Dronedarone-d6 hydrochloride

Dronedarone-d₆ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dronedarone. Dronedarone hydrochloride, a derivative of Amiodarone (HY-14187), is a class III antiarrhythmic agent for the study of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a potent blocker of multiple ion currents, including potassium current, sodium current, and L-type calcium current, and exhibits antiadrenergic effects by noncompetitive binding to β-adrenergic receptors. Dronedarone hydrochloride is a substrate for and a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4 .

HY-13463BS

Avatrombopag-d8 hydrochloride

Avatrombopag-d₈ (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Avatrombopag (hydrochloride). Avatrombopag (AKR-501) hydrochloride is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC₅₀=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag hydrochloride mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag hydrochloride increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag hydrochloride is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A .

HY-137522S

Zidovudine O-β-D-glucuronide-d3 sodium

Zidovudine O-β-D-glucuronide-d₃ sodium (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine β-D-glucuronide-d₃ sodium) is a deuterium labeled Zidovudine O-β-D-glucuronide sodium (HY-137522). Zidovudine O-β-D-glucuronide (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine β-D-glucuronide) sodium is the glucuronide conjugate and metabolite of Zidovudine (HY-17413), which can be used to detect UGT2B7 activity. As a substrate, Zidovudine O-β-D-glucuronide sodium undergoes deconjugation via hydrolysis by immobilized β-glucuronidase to produce Zidovudine .

HY-113293BS

Estrone sulfate-d5 sodium

Estrone sulfate-d₅ sodium is the deuterium labeled Estrone sulfate sodium (HY-113293B). Estrone sulfate sodium is an inactive endogenous estrogen that can be converted into Estrone (HY-B0234) and Estradiol (HY-B0141). Estrone sulfate sodium is also a substrate of the OATP1B3 transporter. Estrone sulfate sodium can be converted into Estrone and Estradiol in normal mammary parenchymal cells. Estrone sulfate sodium stimulates the growth of nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats and the colony formation of dispersed nitrosomethylurea mammary cells, with conversion into Estrone and Estradiol occurring both in vivo and in vitro during this process. Estrone sulfate sodium is applicable to breast cancer-related research .

HY-W009362S

DL-Isocitric acid-13C4 trisodium salt
DL-Isocitric acid- ¹³C₄ (trisodium salt) is a ¹³C labeled DL-Isocitric acid (trisodium salt) (HY-W009362). DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is a substrate in the citric acid cycle. DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt can be used as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products, including fruit juices.

HY-N6725S

Sterigmatocystine-13C18
Sterigmatocystine- ¹³C18 is ¹³C labeled 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (HY-W003972). 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol is a phenolic compound that is extensively used for the measurement of laccase activity .

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