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Results for "

synaptic

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Synaptic Vesicle Proteins (4) 5-HT Receptor (20) Acyltransferase (3) Adenosine Receptor (2) Adenylate Cyclase (3) Adrenergic Receptor (8) Akt (2) Aminopeptidase (1) Amyloid-β (17) Androgen Receptor (1) Apoptosis (24) Arrestin (3) ASCT (1) Autophagy (2) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Calcium Channel (9) Calmodulin (1) CaMK (4) Caspase (10) CCR (1) CDK (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (8) Claudin (1) COX (1) CRFR (2) CXCR (1) Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (1) DAGL (1) DNA Methyltransferase (4) Dopamine Receptor (7) Dopamine Transporter (10) Drug Derivative (3) Drug Metabolite (4) Dynamin (1) EAAT (1) Endogenous Metabolite (22) Environmental Pollutants (3) Ephrin Receptor (1) Epigenetic Reader Domain (1) ERK (4) Fat Mass and Obesity-associated Protein (FTO) (1) Fluorescent Dye (6) Fungal (1) GABA Receptor (17) Glucocorticoid Receptor (1) Glycine Receptor (GlyR) (1) GlyT (1) GSK-3 (2) GSNOR (1) HCN Channel (1) HDAC (3) Histamine Receptor (4) Histone Acetyltransferase (1) Histone Methyltransferase (1) iGluR (40) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (2) Insecticide (4) Insulin Receptor (1) Interleukin Related (3) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (14) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) mAChR (6) MAGL (1) MDM-2/p53 (2) mGluR (7) Microtubule/Tubulin (1) MMP (2) Monoamine Oxidase (1) Monoamine Transporter (9) mTOR (2) nAChR (13) NADPH Oxidase (1) Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) (1) Neurotensin Receptor (2) NF-κB (2) P2X Receptor (1) P2Y Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (2) PARP (2) Phosphatase (1) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (2) PI3K (1) PKA (6) PKC (3) PKG (1) Potassium Channel (8) PROTACs (2) Proteasome (1) Pyk2 (1) Pyroptosis (1) Ras (3) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (10) Reference Standards (31) RET (1) Serotonin Transporter (8) Sirtuin (1) Sodium Channel (7) Somatostatin Receptor (3) STAT (2) Steroid Sulfatase (1) STING (1) Tau Protein (5) TGF-β Receptor (1) TNF Receptor (5) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1) Transthyretin (TTR) (1) Trk Receptor (6) α-synuclein (1) γ-secretase (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (21) Cardiovascular Disease (4) Endocrinology (5) Infection (3) Inflammation/Immunology (28) Metabolic Disease (11) Neurological Disease (219)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleotide Analogs (2) Cationic Lipids (1) Adenine Nucleotide (2)

244

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dye

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Recombinant Proteins

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Antibodies

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: Synaptic Vesicle Proteins

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0649

Propofol Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 2,6-Diisopropylphenol	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease Cancer
Propofol potently and directly activates GABA_A receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic .

HY-B0106

Levetiracetam 2 Publications Verification UCB L059	DNA Methyltransferase	Neurological Disease Cancer
Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic agent, binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. Levetiracetam enhances Temozolomide effect on glioblastoma stem cell proliferation and apoptosis. Levetiracetam modulates HDAC levels ultimately silencing MGMT, thus increasing Temozolomide effectiveness. A chemosensitizer agent .

HY-100407

JNJ16259685 3 Publications Verification	mGluR	Neurological Disease
JNJ16259685 is a selective antagonist of mGlu1 receptor, and inhibits the synaptic activation of mGlu1 in a concentration-dependent manner with IC₅₀ of 19 nM.

HY-B0815

Chlorpyrifos 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Cholinesterase (ChE)	Neurological Disease
Chlorpyrifos is a neurotoxic insecticide that belongs to the class of thionite esters. Chlorpyrifos is also a AChE inhibitor that affects neurological function in insects, humans and other animals. Chlorpyrifos interferes with cell replication and differentiation, ultimately altering synaptic transmission in neurons .

HY-N2922

β-Amyrin	Amyloid-β NF-κB	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
β-Amyrin shows effectively counteract amyloid β (Aβ)-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP). β-Amyrin is a promising candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. β-Amyrin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, protective activity against pulmonary fibrosis, and notable antibacterial capabilities. β-Amyrin is an orally active natural triterpenoid compound .

HY-P0062B

Ziconotide acetate 2 Publications Verification SNX-111 acetate	Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Ziconotide acetate (SNX-111 acetate), a peptide, is a potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels antagonist. Ziconotide acetate reduces synaptic transmission, and can be used for chronic pain research .

HY-100530D

Rp-cAMPS sodium salt 5 Publications Verification	PKA	Neurological Disease
Rp-cAMPS sodium salt, a cAMP analog, is a potent, competitive cAMP-induced activation of cAMP-dependent PKA I and II (K_is of 12.5 µM and 4.5 µM, respectively) antagonist. Rp-cAMPS sodium salt is resistant to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases .

HY-B0979

Lobeline hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification α-Lobeline hydrochloride; L-Lobeline hydrochloride	nAChR Dopamine Transporter	Neurological Disease
Lobeline (α-Lobeline) hydrochloride is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline hydrochloride increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline hydrochloride is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-12546

Brevetoxin B Brevetoxin-2; PbTx-2	Sodium Channel Apoptosis Calcium Channel Potassium Channel Caspase	Neurological Disease Cancer
Brevetoxin B (Brevetoxin-2) is a red tide toxin. Brevetoxin B affects sodium, potassium and calcium currents in nerve terminals. Brevetoxin B also modulates the metabolic activity of Jurkat cells, reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis. Brevetoxin B can be used in research on synaptic transmission and tumors .

HY-B1315

Carbaryl	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Insecticide Cholinesterase (ChE) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide .

HY-100771

PCC0208009	Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)	Cardiovascular Disease
PCC0208009 is a potent IDO inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 4.52 nM in HeLa cell. PCC0208009 alleviates neuropathic pain and comorbidities by regulating synaptic plasticity of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala .

HY-108256

Melitracen hydrochloride	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
Melitracen hydrochloride is an orally active biphasic antidepressant and antianxiety agent. Melitracen hydrochloride can inhibit the uptake of Norepinephrine and 5-HT (serotonin) through the presynaptic membrane inducing the increase of monoamine transmitters in synaptic space .

HY-P0062

Ziconotide SNX-111	Calcium Channel	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Ziconotide (SNX-111), a peptide, is a potent and selective block of N-type calcium channels antagonist. Ziconotide reduces synaptic transmission, and can be used for chronic pain research .

HY-120051

Afizagabar 2 Publications Verification S44819; Egis-13529	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Afizagabar (S44819) is a first-in-class, competitive, and selective antagonist at the GABA-binding site of the α5-GABAAR, with an IC₅₀ of 585 nM for α5β2γ2 and a K_i of 66 nM for α5β3γ2. Afizagabar enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and exhibits pro-cognitive efficacy .

HY-160505

RO-275	HCN Channel	Neurological Disease
RO-275 (compound 29) is a potent, selective and orally active HCN1 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 0.046, 14.3, 4.6, 13.9 µM for HCN1, HCN2, HCN3, HCN4, respectively. RO-275 rescues decremented working memory. RO-275 has the potential for the research of cognitive dysfunction in brain disorder .

HY-Y0378

D-Leucine (R)-Leucine	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro .

HY-157999

SDI-118	Synaptic Vesicle Proteins	Neurological Disease
SDI-118 is an orally active modulator for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with an IC₅₀ of 13 nM .

HY-108497

L-803087	Somatostatin Receptor	Neurological Disease Cancer
L-803087 is a potent and selective somatostatin sst4 receptor agonist with a K_i of 0.7 nM. L-803087 is >280-fold higher than other somatostatin receptors. L-803087 facilitates AMPA-mediated hippocampal synaptic responses in vitro and increases kainate-induced seizures in mice .

HY-P2259

TAT-GluA2 3Y 2 Publications Verification	iGluR	Neurological Disease
TAT-GluA2 3Y, an interference peptide, blocks long-term depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses by disrupting the endocytosis of AMPAR. TAT-GluA2 3Y can alleviate Pentobarbital-induced spatial memory deficits and synaptic depression .

HY-162566

REM127	Calcium Channel Amyloid-β	Neurological Disease
REM127 is a small molecule compound capable of modulating calcium homeostasis in cells and possesses neuroprotective effects. REM127 can restore the calcium homeostasis imbalance in cellular models caused by pathological accumulation of tau protein. REM127 can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, and it has the potential to rescue synaptic and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease animal models, as well as to slow down the progression of amyloid-beta and tau protein pathologies. REM127 can be used for research in neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-121035

7BIO 7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime	CDK GSK-3	Neurological Disease
7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) is the derivate of indirubin. 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) has inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). 7BIO (7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime) inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuates Aβ oligomer-induced cognitive impairments in mice ^[1].

HY-122487

Troriluzole BHV-4157	mGluR	Neurological Disease Cancer
Troriluzole, a third-generation, tripeptide proagent of Riluzole (HY-B0211), is an orally active glutamate modulator. Troriluzole reduces synaptic glutamate level and increases the synaptic glutamate absorption. Troriluzole has the potential for Alzheimer disease and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) .

HY-W041892

Dimethyl itaconate 1 Publications Verification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Dimethyl itaconate induces innate immune memory (trained immunity), and exhibits immunomodulatory property. Dimethyl itaconate inhibits the activation of microglia, reduces the neuroinflammation and synaptic structural damage. Dimethyl itaconate regulates the composition of intestinal flora .

HY-109046

Tulrampator 2 Publications Verification CX-1632; S-47445	iGluR mTOR	Neurological Disease
Tulrampator (S-47445) is an orally active selective AMPA receptor modulator. Tulrampator possesses procognitive, enhancing synaptic plasticity, anti-depressant-anxiolytic-like, procognitive and potential neuroprotective properties. Tulrampator can be used for research of alzheimer’s disease and in major depressive disorder .

HY-145155

Calpain-2-IN-1 2 Publications Verification	Proteasome	Neurological Disease
Calpain-2-IN-1 (Formula 1A) is a isoform-specific calpain-2 inhibitor with K_is of 181 nM and 7.8 nM for calpain-1, and calpain-2, respectively. Calpain-2-IN-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases of synaptic function .

HY-113995

(-)-Vesamicol 1 Publications Verification (-)-AH5183	mAChR	Neurological Disease
(-)-Vesamicol (AH5183) is a vesicular acetylcholine transporter inhibitor. (-)-Vesamicol reversibly and non-competitively inhibits the transport of acetylcholine into circulating synaptic vesicles and blocks the activity of vesicular acetylcholine transporters in medial amygdala neurons. (-)-Vesamicol is applicable to research related to central precocious puberty .

HY-P2264

KYL peptide 3 Publications Verification	Ephrin Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology
KYL peptide, an antagonistic peptide, selectively targets EphA4 receptor (IC₅₀:4.22 μM, Kd:1.3 μM). KYL peptide binds to the ligand-binding domain of EphA4, effectively alleviates Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and synaptic plasticity defects in AD mice. KYL peptide can promote nerve regeneration after injury and modulating immune responses .

HY-107498

GNE-8324	iGluR	Neurological Disease
GNE-8324 is a selective GluN2A positive allosteric modulator. GNE-8324 selectively enhances NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic responses in inhibitory but not excitatory neurons .

HY-B0106R

Levetiracetam (Standard) UCB L059 (Standard)	Reference Standards DNA Methyltransferase	Neurological Disease Cancer
Levetiracetam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Levetiracetam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic agent, binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. Levetiracetam enhances Temozolomide effect on glioblastoma stem cell proliferation and apoptosis. Levetiracetam modulates HDAC levels ultimately silencing MGMT, thus increasing Temozolomide effectiveness. A chemosensitizer agent .

HY-B0649S

Propofol-d17	GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Propofol-d₁₇ is the deuterium labeled Propofol. Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties .

HY-121964

cis-Piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid is a non-specific antagonist of NMDA, AMPA and kainate ionotropic receptors and a partial agonist for NMDA receptors. Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid can be used in blocking general excitatory synaptic transmissions .

HY-D1438

RH 414	Fluorescent Dye	Others
RH 414 is the styryl pyridinium dye. RH 414 can be used for optical monitoring of synaptic vesicle membrane trafficking .

HY-112828

LEI105	DAGL	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
LEI105 is a potent, highly selective and reversible dual diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL)-α/DAGL-β inhibitor. LEI105 reduces 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels in Neuro2A cells. LEI105 also reduces cannabinoid CB1-receptor-mediated short-term synaptic plasticity in a mouse hippocampal slice model. LEI105 is promising for research of diseases, such as obesity, related metabolic disorders and neuroinflammation .

HY-P3095

α-Latrotoxin	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
α-Latrotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, triggers synaptic vesicle exocytosis from presynaptic nerve terminals .

HY-B0649S1

Propofol-d18	GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Propofol-d₁₈ is the deuterium labeled Propofol. Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission .

HY-B1423

Lobeline α-Lobeline; L-Lobeline	nAChR Dopamine Transporter	Neurological Disease
Lobeline (α-Lobeline) is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-B1315R

Carbaryl (Standard)	Reference Standards Insecticide Cholinesterase (ChE) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Carbaryl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbaryl (HY-B1315). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.

HY-125900

Neocarzilin A NCA	Others	Cancer
Neocarzilin A (NCA) reduces BST-2 levels via lysosomal degradation. Neocarzilin A has antimigratory and antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. Neocarzilin A inhibits cancer cell migration via irreversible binding to the synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 .

HY-100530

Rp-cAMPS triethylammonium salt 5 Publications Verification	PKA	Neurological Disease
Rp-cAMPS triethylammonium salt, a cAMP analog, is a potent, competitive cAMP-induced activation of cAMP-dependent PKA I and II (K_is of 12.5 µM and 4.5 µM, respectively) antagonist. Rp-cAMPS triethylammonium salt is resistant to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases .

HY-100530A

Rp-cAMPS	PKA	Neurological Disease
Rp-cAMPS, a cAMP analog, is a potent, competitive cAMP-induced activation of cAMP-dependent PKA I and II (K_is of 12.5 µM and 4.5 µM, respectively) antagonist. Rp-cAMPS is resistant to hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases .

HY-D1515

FM1-84 Neurodye GH1-84	Fluorescent Dye	Neurological Disease
FM1-84 (Neurodye GH1-84) is a fluorescent dye. FM1-84 has lipophilic and facilitates association with membranes, resulting in an increase in fluorescence intensity (λ_ex=510 nm, λ_em=625 nm). FM1-84 can be used for synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons research .

HY-107506

Ro 67-4853	mGluR	Neurological Disease
Ro 67-4853 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGluR1 (pEC₅₀=7.16 for rmGlu1a receptor). Ro67-4853 exhibits activity at all group I mGlu receptors including hmGlu1, rmGlu1, and rmGlu5. Ro 67-4853 enhances the potency of L-Glu by interacting with the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the receptor. Ro 67-4853 potentiates sensory synaptic responses to repetitive vibrissa stimulation .

HY-129408

SGE-516	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
SGE-516 is a neuroactive steroid that is a potent positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extra-synaptic GABAA receptors. SGE-516 has anticonvulsant activity .

HY-136873

UCB-J	Synaptic Vesicle Proteins	Neurological Disease
UCB-J is a ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) with pIC₅₀ values for human and rat SV2A of 8.15 and 7.6 respectively. UCB-J can be used to display and quantify the total synaptic density throughout the brain .

HY-148977

18:0,22:6 PS sodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
18:0,22:6 PS sodium is a lipid component of synaptic vesicles and cholesterol, which can be used for metabolic research .

HY-101013

D-SNAP S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine	Fluorescent Dye	Others
D-SNAP (S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) can Generate nitric oxide and form superoxides spontaneously under physiological conditions and is often used to probe the cell stress response and stimulate calcium-independent synaptic vesicle release.

HY-B1315S1

Carbaryl-d7	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Insecticide Cholinesterase (ChE) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Carbaryl-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide .

HY-B0649R

Propofol (Standard) 2,6-Diisopropylphenol (Standard)	Reference Standards GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Cancer
Propofol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propofol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propofol potently and directly activates GABA_A receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic .

HY-123858

VU6001221	nAChR	Neurological Disease
VU6001221 is a blood-brain barrier permeable Choline Transporter (CHT) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 270 nM). VU6001221 increases the likelihood of extracellular choline elevation activating synaptic α7 nicotine ACh receptors. VU6001221 attenuates potassium-induced ACh levels in the prefrontal cortex .

HY-145761

AMPA-IN-1	iGluR	Neurological Disease
AMPA-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of AMPA receptor. AMPA receptors are receptors that are widely expressed in the brain, and play a central role in the regulation of fast excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. AMPA-IN-1 has the potential for the research of various central diseases including epilepsy (extracted from patent WO2017082288A1, compound 14) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0649

Propofol Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 2,6-Diisopropylphenol	Structural Classification Monophenols Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite GABA Receptor
Propofol potently and directly activates GABA_A receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic .

HY-N2922

β-Amyrin	Monophenols Celastrus hindsii Benth. Celastraceae Phenols Plants	Amyloid-β NF-κB
β-Amyrin shows effectively counteract amyloid β (Aβ)-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP). β-Amyrin is a promising candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. β-Amyrin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, protective activity against pulmonary fibrosis, and notable antibacterial capabilities. β-Amyrin is an orally active natural triterpenoid compound .

HY-100808

D-Serine 2 Publications Verification (R)-Serine	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-A0183

Phosphatidylserine 1 Publications Verification Phospholipids, phosphatidylserines; Serine glycerophosphatides	Animals Source Classification	Akt TGF-β Receptor
Phosphatidylserine (Phospholipids) is a well-conserved anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signal. Phosphatidylserine is involved in membrane translocation and the activation of protein kinase C, participating in Akt signaling through its interaction with PIP3. The local exposure of Phosphatidylserine can interact with complement and other proteins, promoting microglial phagocytosis during critical periods of synaptic refinement. Phosphatidylserine can promote blood coagulation in the extracellular environment and acts as a "eat me" signal to clear out apoptotic cells. Phosphatidylserine can suppress inflammation in tissues by inducing TGF-β secretion and inhibiting immune responses .

HY-B0762

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride; ALCAR hydrochloride	Alkaloids Structural Classification Other Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-B0979

Lobeline hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification α-Lobeline hydrochloride; L-Lobeline hydrochloride	Alkaloids Campanulaceae Pyridine Alkaloids Plants Lobelia chinensis Lour. Source Classification	nAChR Dopamine Transporter
Lobeline (α-Lobeline) hydrochloride is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline hydrochloride increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline hydrochloride is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-133968

24-Methylenecholesterol 2 Publications Verification Ostreasterol	Microorganisms other families Animals Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Marine natural products Other marine organisms Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Acyltransferase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth .

HY-I1070

D-Isoleucine (R)-Isoleucine	Microorganisms Source Classification	ASCT
D-Isoleucine is a selective competitive activator of the Asc-1 antiporter (Ki=0.98 mM). D-Isoleucine promotes the release of D-serine and glycine by binding to the Asc-1 protein on the neuronal cell membrane, and enhances NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. D-Isoleucine can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia). D-Isoleucine also acts as a non-classical D-amino acid, interferes with bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis, and inhibits the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, and has potential antibacterial application value[1][2].

HY-113218

Acetyl-L-carnitine 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	Caspase Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-113283

Homogentisic acid	Structural Classification Other disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Amyloid-β Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR) α-synuclein Transthyretin (TTR) Claudin
Homogentisic acid is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable amyloidogenic compound that functions as both an amyloid component and a pigment precursor. Accumulation of homogentisic acid downregulates tight junction proteins (such as claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) and impairs blood-brain barrier integrity. Homogentisic acid and its oxidation product benzoquinone acetic acid not only induce the aggregation and fibrosis of multiple proteins (such as Aβ_1-42, α-synuclein, SAA, Transthyretin (TTR), atrial natriuretic peptide), but also trigger oxidative stress, damage to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and neurotoxicity, leading to ochronosis pigment deposition and synaptic dysfunction. At specific concentrations, homogentisic acid exerts no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and even counteracts the genotoxicity induced by Irinotecan (HY-16562). Homogentisic acid serves as an important tool molecule for investigating the mechanisms of diseases including ochronosis, secondary amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and colorectal cancer .

HY-12546

Brevetoxin B Brevetoxin-2; PbTx-2	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Animals Source Classification	Sodium Channel Apoptosis Calcium Channel Potassium Channel Caspase
Brevetoxin B (Brevetoxin-2) is a red tide toxin. Brevetoxin B affects sodium, potassium and calcium currents in nerve terminals. Brevetoxin B also modulates the metabolic activity of Jurkat cells, reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis. Brevetoxin B can be used in research on synaptic transmission and tumors .

HY-N10889

Sominone	Withania somnifera Solanaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite RET
Sominone is the active metabolite of Withanoside IV (HY-N8693). Sominone enhances neuronal morphological plasticity by activating the RET pathway. Sominone can also induce axon/dendrite regeneration and synaptic reconstruction, thereby improving spatial memory. Sominone can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B0229

Zolmitriptan BW-311C90; 311C90	Structural Classification Alkaloids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	5-HT Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Zolmitriptan (BW-311C90; 311C90) is a 5-HT1B/1D receptor partial agonist that can cross the blood-brain barrier, with K_is of 5.01 nM, 0.63 nM, and 63.09 nM for 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F receptor, respectively. Zolmitriptan can be used for the research of migraine .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-134356

AICA-riboside, 5′-phosphate AICAR-5'-MP	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
AICA-riboside, 5′-phosphate is AICA riboside with a phosphate group. The functions of AICA riboside include: 1) conversion into AMP mimetic to selectively activate AMPK; 2) competition with adenosine for the uptake of nucleoside transporters, reversible blocking of adenosine reuptake, increasing extracellular adenosine concentration, and indirectly activating adenosine A1 receptors. AICA riboside is involved in metabolic regulation (promoting catabolism and inhibiting anabolism) and adenosine-dependent neuroprotection (inhibiting excitatory synaptic transmission). AICA riboside can be used in the study of metabolic diseases (such as diabetes and obesity) and neurological diseases (such as ischemia and epilepsy), and has central nervous system protective activity .

HY-Y0378

D-Leucine (R)-Leucine	Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro .

HY-W067716

Spinacine (S)-Spinacine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	GABA Receptor
Spinacine ((S)-Spinacine) is a GABA uptake inhibitor. Spinacine enhances synaptic GABA effects via inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in cerebral cortex slices. Spinacine inhibits reflex responses of ventral roots in isolated spinal cord. Spinacine inhibits motor activity and reduces approaches to water dispensers in conflict situations. Spinacine raises pain sensitivity threshold via subarachnoidal injection .

HY-P3443

Peanut agglutinin 1 Publications Verification PNA	Natural Products Arachis hypogaea L. Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is a carbohydrate-recognition protein that binds competitively and irreversibly to cell-surface β-D-Gal (1-3)-GalNAc, and this binding can be inhibited by D-galactose and asialofetuin. Peanut agglutinin recognizes exposed glycoepitopes and reflects the glycosylation status of cells. Peanut agglutinin can label glycoconjugates at neuromuscular junctions to safely visualize synaptic structures. Peanut agglutinin can be used to synthesize dyes to distinguish between normal and tumor tissues. Peanut agglutinin provides support for research on leukemia, Burkitt's tumors, and cutaneous squamous lesions .

HY-N8210

Homoeriodictyol	Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Flavonones Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite Autophagy Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Keap1-Nrf2 MMP Caspase PARP MDM-2/p53
Homoeriodictyol is an orally active, bitter-tasting flavanone that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Homoeriodictyol enhances synaptic-related protein expression through NCOA4-mediated ferritin autophagy. Homoeriodictyol improves memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Homoeriodictyol protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Homoeriodictyol enhances ROS activity and induces apoptosis, exhibiting anticancer effects. Homoeriodictyol inhibits the survival and migration of androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro. Homoeriodictyol exerts antinociceptive activity in mice in vivo .

HY-N15001

Gabaculine	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	GABA Receptor
Gabaculine is an amino acid neurotoxin and blood-brain barrier-permeable GABA transaminase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 1 μM in beef and Pseudomonas ovalis. Gabaculine elevates endogenous synaptic and brain GABA levels and enhances GABA activity. Gabaculine induces sedation, hypothermia, loss of righting reflex, and prevents convulsions in mice. Gabaculine is applicable to research related to neurological disorders .

HY-B1423

Lobeline α-Lobeline; L-Lobeline	Alkaloids Other Alkaloids Campanulaceae Plants Lobelia chinensis Lour. Source Classification	nAChR Dopamine Transporter
Lobeline (α-Lobeline) is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-125900

Neocarzilin A NCA	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Others
Neocarzilin A (NCA) reduces BST-2 levels via lysosomal degradation. Neocarzilin A has antimigratory and antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. Neocarzilin A inhibits cancer cell migration via irreversible binding to the synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 .

HY-148977

18:0,22:6 PS sodium	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Lipid Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
18:0,22:6 PS sodium is a lipid component of synaptic vesicles and cholesterol, which can be used for metabolic research .

HY-B0649R

Propofol (Standard) 2,6-Diisopropylphenol (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards GABA Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Propofol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propofol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propofol potently and directly activates GABA_A receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic .

HY-128420

Lobeline sulfate α-Lobeline sulfate; L-Lobeline sulfate	Alkaloids other families Pyridine Alkaloids Plants Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	nAChR Dopamine Transporter
Lobeline (α-Lobeline) sulfate is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline sulfate increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline sulfate is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-B0979R

Lobeline hydrochloride (Standard) α-Lobeline hydrochloride (Standard); L-Lobeline hydrochloride (Standard)	Alkaloids Structural Classification Campanulaceae Pyridine Alkaloids Plants Lobelia chinensis Lour. Source Classification	Reference Standards nAChR Dopamine Transporter
Lobeline (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lobeline (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lobeline (α-Lobeline) hydrochloride is a brain-penetrant nicotinic receptor agonist. Lobeline hydrochloride increases dopamine (DA) release by inhibiting DA uptake into synaptic vesicles, and altering presynaptic DA storage. Lobeline hydrochloride is effective in smoking cessation .

HY-W067716R

Spinacine (Standard) (S)-Spinacine (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards GABA Receptor
Spinacine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spinacine (HY-W067716). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spinacine ((S)-Spinacine) is a GABA uptake inhibitor. Spinacine enhances synaptic GABA effects via inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake in cerebral cortex slices. Spinacine inhibits reflex responses of ventral roots in isolated spinal cord. Spinacine inhibits motor activity and reduces approaches to water dispensers in conflict situations. Spinacine raises pain sensitivity threshold via subarachnoidal injection .

HY-100821

2,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetylasparagine	Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Source Classification	Bacterial
2,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetylasparagine is a potent and selective antagonist of glutamate. 2,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetylasparagine inhibits glutamate binding to rat brain synaptic membranes .

HY-169871

Argiotoxin 636	Animals Phenols Polyphenols Animal Venoms Source Classification	iGluR
Argiotoxin 636 is a toxin and the non-specific, non-competitive, and potent ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) antagonist. Argiotoxin 636 blocks excitatory synaptic transmission in neurons and has paralysis and muscle relaxation effects. Argiotoxin 636 can be used in the study of nervous system diseases .

HY-100808R

D-Serine (Standard) (R)-Serine (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Amino acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards iGluR Endogenous Metabolite
D-Serine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Serine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration[1][2].

HY-133968R

24-Methylenecholesterol (Standard) Ostreasterol (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Animals Marine natural products Other marine organisms Plants Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Acyltransferase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth .

HY-N8210R

Homoeriodictyol (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite Autophagy Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Keap1-Nrf2 MMP Caspase PARP MDM-2/p53
Homoeriodictyol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Homoeriodictyol (HY-N8210). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Homoeriodictyol is an orally active, bitter-tasting flavanone that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Homoeriodictyol enhances synaptic-related protein expression through NCOA4-mediated ferritin autophagy. Homoeriodictyol improves memory impairment in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Homoeriodictyol protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Homoeriodictyol enhances ROS activity and induces apoptosis, exhibiting anticancer effects. Homoeriodictyol inhibits the survival and migration of androgen-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro. Homoeriodictyol exerts antinociceptive activity in mice in vivo .

HY-B0762R

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard) 2 Publications Verification O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard); ALCAR hydrochloride (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Other Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Caspase Reference Standards Apoptosis
Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-Y0378R

D-Leucine (Standard) (R)-Leucine (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
D-Leucine (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Leucine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro .

HY-W720917

Junicedric acid	Structural Classification Pinaceae Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Source Classification	CaMK PKC Amyloid-β Apoptosis
Junicedric acid is a diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from the resin of the Araucaria araucana tree. Junicedric acid exerts neuroprotective activity by increasing intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal neurons, activating PKC and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), and preventing Amyloid-β oligomer-induced synaptic protein loss, apoptosis, and long-term potentiation (LTP) inhibition. Junicedric acid can be used in the study of the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0590S

Tetrabenazine-d6

Tetrabenazine-d₆ (Deutetrabenazine) is a deuterium-labled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-B0762S

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-B0649S

Propofol-d17
Propofol-d₁₇ is the deuterium labeled Propofol. Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties .

HY-Y0378S

D-Leucine-d10
D-Leucine-d₁₀ is the deuterium labeled D-Leucine. D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro .

HY-100808S

D-Serine-d3

D-Serine-d₃ ((R)-Serine-d₃) is a deuterium labeled D-Serine (HY-100808). D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid involved in glia-synapse interactions that has unique neurotransmitter characteristics, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor. D-Serinee has a cardinal modulatory role in major NMDAR-dependent processes including NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission, neurotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, and cell migration .

HY-B0762S1

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d3-1 hydrochloride

Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1 (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine-d₃-1) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

HY-B0649S1

Propofol-d18
Propofol-d₁₈ is the deuterium labeled Propofol. Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission .

HY-B0527AS

Amitriptyline-d6 hydrochloride

Amitriptyline-d₆ hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Amitriptyline hydrochloride (HY-B0527A). Amitriptyline hydrochloride is an orally active tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Amitriptyline hydrochloride mainly exerts its antidepressant effect by blocking SERT (K_i = 3.45 nM) and NET (K_i = 13.3 nM), thereby increasing the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the synaptic cleft. Amitriptyline hydrochloride is also an agonist at α2A and TrkA/TrkB receptors, thereby exerting analgesic and neurotrophic activities (inhibiting cell apoptosis). Amitriptyline hydrochloride can reduce inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Amitriptyline hydrochloride binds to DAT (with K_i = 2.58 μM). Amitriptyline hydrochloride has high affinity for a series of receptors and can antagonize muscarinic cholinergic receptors (M1/M2/M3/M4/M5 receptors) (K_i = 11-24 nM), H1 receptors (K_i = 0.5-1.1 nM), adrenergic α1 receptors (K_i = 4.4 nM), etc., resulting in a series of side effects. Amitriptyline hydrochloride can block sodium channels and hERG potassium channel (IC₅₀ = 4.78 μM) and it has cardiotoxicity.

HY-B1315S1

Carbaryl-d7
Carbaryl-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide .

HY-B0106S

Levetiracetam-d6
Levetiracetam-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic agent, binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. Levetiracetam enhances Temozolomide effect on glioblastoma stem cell proliferation and apoptosis. Levetiracetam modulates HDAC levels ultimately silencing MGMT, thus increasing Temozolomide effectiveness. A chemosensitizer agent .

HY-P1363S1

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala( ¹³C₃, ¹⁵N) TFA is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N-labeled β-Amyloid (1-42), human (HY-P1363A). β-Amyloid (1-42) (Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)), human, a 42-amino acid peptide that has not been treated with HFIP, is a brain-penetrant amyloid protein fragment, which can be used in research on Alzheimer's disease and Down’s syndrome. β-Amyloid (1-42), human remaining as a monomer exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. β-Amyloid (1-42), human, after being monomericized by HFIP and dissolved in DMSO to form the stock solution, on the one hand, can form soluble oligomers (AβOs) when incubated at 4 °C, which have synaptic toxicity and neurotoxicity; on the other hand, it can be incubated at 37 °C to form insoluble fibrils, with lower neurotoxicity, and participating in the oxidative damage process. Aβ42 oligomers bind to various neuronal surface receptors (such as PrPc, mGluR5, NMDA receptors, etc.), triggering oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis imbalance, and synaptic toxicity via activating downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death .

HY-B1315S

Carbaryl-d3
Carbaryl-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Carbaryl (HY-B1315). Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide . X

HY-108256S

Melitracen-d6 hydrochloride
Melitracen-d₆ (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Melitracen hydrochloride. Melitracen hydrochloride is an orally active biphasic antidepressant and antianxiety agent. Melitracen hydrochloride can inhibit the uptake of Norepinephrine and 5-HT (serotonin) through the presynaptic membrane inducing the increase of monoamine transmitters in synaptic space .

HY-W707528

Propofol-d14
Propofol-d₁₄ (2,6-Diisopropylphenol-d₁₄) is the deuterium labeled Propofol (HY-B0649). Propofol potently and directly activates GABAA receptor and inhibits glutamate receptor mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. Propofol has antinociceptive properties and is used for sedation and hypnotic .

HY-B0106S1

Levetiracetam-d3
Levetiracetam-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic agent, binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A. Levetiracetam enhances Temozolomide effect on glioblastoma stem cell proliferation and apoptosis. Levetiracetam modulates HDAC levels ultimately silencing MGMT, thus increasing Temozolomide effectiveness. A chemosensitizer agent .

HY-B0590S3

Tetrabenazine-d7

Tetrabenazine-d₇ (TBZ-d₇-d₇) is deuterium labeled Tetrabenazine (HY-B0590). Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a brain-penetrant and orally active VMAT2-selective ligand with human VMAT2 K_i 100 nM. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 to block monoamine uptake into synaptic vesicles, potentiates cytoplasmic monoamine degradation. Tetrabenazine weakly blocks dopamine D2 receptors, and increases dopamine turnover via elevated cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid. Tetrabenazine can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia, and Tourette’s syndrome .

HY-133968S1

24-Methylenecholesterol-13C

24-Methylenecholesterol- ¹³C (Ostreasterol- ¹³C) is the ¹³C labeled 24-Methylenecholesterol (HY-133968) . 24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth .

HY-W765177

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride-13C3

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃ (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (HY-B0762). Acetyl-L-carnitine (O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; ALCAR) hydrochloride is an orally active mitochondrial energy metabolism regulator and neuroprotectant that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride selectively enters cells and the brain through the organic cation transporter OCTN2. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride can participate in fatty acid β-oxidation, promote acetylcholine synthesis, regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress as an acetyl donor. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride exerts its activity by enhancing energy metabolism, protecting neurons and improving synaptic plasticity. Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorder-related diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Alzheimer's disease, and depression .

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