COX
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2, initiating prostanoid biosynthesis that regulates inflammation, vascular homeostasis, pain signaling, and tissue responses to injury[1][2]. Mechanistically, COX enzymes contain two major isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyze the same biochemical reaction but differ in gene regulation, tissue distribution, intracellular localization, and substrate selectivity[1][2]. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and contributes to gastric mucosal protection, platelet function, and renal hemodynamic maintenance, whereas COX-2 is rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and pathological stimuli[1][3]. In disease models, increased COX-2 expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple cancer types, supporting its central role in inflammation-driven pathophysiology and tumor progression[1][2]. Compared with related isoforms, COX-2 contains a larger and more flexible substrate-binding channel that enables distinct inhibitor selectivity and broader fatty-acid utilization[1][4]. Therefore, selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain important experimental tools for dissecting prostaglandin-dependent signaling pathways, while COX-2-selective inhibitors have been widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms and disease-associated prostanoid production[1][2][4].
References:
- [1]. Faki Y, et al. Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2021 Jan 19;12(1):e0003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Joanne P, et al. Lipid reorganization induced by membrane-active peptides probed using differential scanning calorimetry. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep;1788(9):1772-81. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Cyclooxygenase in sciencedirect topic.
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COX Related Products (740)
Related Products (740)
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Pelubiprofen-13C,d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-12383SPelubiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Pelubiprofen. Pelubiprofen, an orally active and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a member of the 2-arylpropionic acid family and has relatively selective effects on COX-2 activity. Pelubiprofen inhibits COX activity and the transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1-IκB kinase β-NF-κB pathway, and has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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COX-2-IN-50
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-121679CAS No.: 1242169-24-9COX-2-IN-50 is a water-soluble COX-2 inhibitor with significant analgesic activity. The solubility of COX-2-IN-50 in water reaches 20.3 mg/mL, far exceeding the 1.6 μg/mL of its precursor compound PC407. COX-2-IN-50 demonstrates good biocompatibility and is suitable for the development of injectable dosage forms. COX-2-IN-50 has proven its analgesic effect in vivo and shows potential application value.
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Tilomisole
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106050CAS No.: 58433-11-7Synonyms: Wy 18251Tilomisole (Wy 18251) is a benzimidazothiazole experimental agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Tilomisole causes less agranulocytosis than levamisole, but retains immunomodulating capabilities. Tilomisole is orally active. Tilomisole has the potential for the research of cancer and inflammation.
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Diclofenac deanol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-15036BCAS No.: 81811-14-5Synonyms: DDNLDiclofenac deanol (DDNL) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Diclofenac deanol has a more potent inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 than on COX-1. The solubility of diclofenac deanol is significantly higher than that of other diflunisal salts reported earlier. Diclofenac deanol has a wide range of potential applications in the medical field due to its biological activity and high water solubility.
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EGFR-IN-206
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-182064EGFR-IN-206 is an orally active EGFR inhibitor. EGFR-IN-206 inhibits the phosphorylation of the key tumor growth protein EGFR, and suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of EGFR triple-mutant tumor cell lines. EGFR-IN-206 downregulates the expression of inflammation-related proteins iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB (p65). EGFR-IN-206 promotes the secretion of NO. EGFR-IN-206 reduces the secretion of IL-6. EGFR-IN-206 induces apoptosis (apoptosis) of EGFR triple-mutant tumor cells. EGFR-IN-206 exerts antitumor activity in EGFR triple-mutant mice. EGFR-IN-206 is applicable to the research of non-small cell lung cancer.
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(±)-Catechin-13C3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1890SCAS No.: 1261254-33-4Synonyms: rel-Cianidanol-13C3; rel-Catechuic acid-13C3(±)-Catechin-13C3 (rel-Cianidanol-13C3) is the 13C-labeled (±)-Catechin (HY-B1890). (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of the green tea polyphenol Catechin. Catechin has anticancer activity and induces apoptosis. (±)-Catechin has two forms, (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. (-)-Catechin can effectively promote hBM-MSC adipocyte differentiation and increase adiponectin and PPARγ levels. (±)-Catechin has anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects.
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Etofenamate-d4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17361SCAS No.: 1329837-73-1Etofenamate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Etofenamate. Etofenamate, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and a non-selective COX inhibitor, possesses analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Etofenamate is used in the research for osteoarthritis, arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
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KMU-11342
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-163750KMU-11342 is a potent inhibitor of multi-protein kinase. KMU-11342 plays an important inhibitor of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.
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Cinmetacin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-123342CAS No.: 20168-99-4
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NSC 90469 (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-114557RCAS No.: 1041-01-6Synonyms: 3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine (Standard)NSC 90469 (Standard) is the analytical standard of NSC 90469. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NSC 90469 (3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine) is an orally active thyroid hormone derivative. NSC 90469 inhibits JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB acetylation, blocks SIRT1 protein expression, induces elevated PGC-1α levels, and stimulates COX activity. NSC 90469 enhances UCP1-mediated thermogenesis, increases hepatic Dio1 activity, inhibits TSH levels and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function, enhances lipid metabolism, and regulates energy metabolism via the mitochondrial pathway. NSC 90469 prevents blood glucose reduction, reduces urinary albumin excretion, inhibits renal matrix expansion, decreases TGF-β1 expression, and reduces renal fibronectin and type Ⅳ collagen deposition. NSC 90469 also increases energy expenditure and prevents diet-induced overweight. NSC 90469 can be used in studies related to diabetic nephropathy, hypothyroidism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diet-induced obesity.
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Diclofenac potassium (Standard)
0 ImagesDiclofenac (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac potassium is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac potassium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
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(rac)-Poriol
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N9086ACAS No.: 70460-58-1Synonyms: 5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-6-methylflavanone(rac)-Poriol (5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-6-methylflavanone) exhibits antioxidant activity, and scavenges free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 0.18 µg/mL. (rac)-Poriol inhibits the LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NO generation in RAW264.7 (98.35% inhibition rate at 10 μM), and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. (rac)-Poriol exhibits good binding affinity with iNOS, COX-1, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β.
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Flufenamic acid-d4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1221SCAS No.: 1185071-99-1Flufenamic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled Flufenamic acid. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
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IDPH-8261
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105121CAS No.: 108912-17-0IDPH-8261 is an orally active nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. IDPH-8261 can be used for the research of inflammation, such as arthritis.
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Veratric acid-d6
0 ImagesSynonyms: 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid-d6Veratric acid-d6 is deuterium labeled Veratric acid. Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
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Buddlejasaponin IV
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-125131CAS No.: 139523-30-1Buddlejasaponin IV (BS‐IV) exerts anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
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Etoricoxib hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-15321ACAS No.: 202409-40-3Synonyms: MK-0663 hydrochloride; L-791456 hydrochlorideEtoricoxib hydrochloride (MK-0663 hydrochloride) is a synthetic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity. Etoricoxib hydrochloride can inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. Etoricoxib hydrochloride is used to inhibit osteoarthritis and has anti-inflammatory and bone remodeling effects. The formulation of etoricoxib hydrochloride is prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technology and exhibits good cell compatibility and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Indomethacin heptyl ester
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-114795CAS No.: 282728-47-6Indomethacin heptyl ester is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.04 μM, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
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4-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d3
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W268542S1CAS No.: 342821-66-34-Acetylaminoantipyrine-d3 is the deuterium labeled 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (HY-W268542). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation.
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COX-2/15-LOX/mPGES1-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-162166CAS No.: 3027770-84-6
