Cathepsin Inhibitor

N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC₅₀ value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides.

PMSF (Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) is a nonspecific and irreversible serine proteases inhibitor. PMSF inhibits some thiol proteases, non-protease enzymes, and acetylcholinesterase. PMSF can be used to prepare protein extracts from tissue and cell lysates.

Aloxistatin (E64d) is a cell-permeable and irreversible broad-spectrum cysteine protease inhibitor. Aloxistatin (E64d) exhibits entry-blocking effect for MERS-CoV.

4-Methylesculetin is an orally active coumarin derivative, with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 4-Methylesculetin inhibits myeloperoxidase activity. 4-Methylesculetin protects bone resorption by reducing the elevated levels of bone-joint exoglycosidases, cathepsin-D and tartrate resistant acid phosphatases. 4-Methylesculetin ameliorats the upregulated non-enzymatic inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and PGE2, which is promising for research of inflammatory diseases.

Lactacystin is a potent, orally active, irreversible, cell-permeable, selective 20S proteasome inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 4.8 μM). Lactacystin also inhibits the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin A. Lactacystin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosisand cell cycle arrest, and has antiviral and antioxidative activity. Lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth and hypertension. Lactacystin has the potential for the research of cancer, Neurological Disease, hypertension and Malaria, and so on^{[2] [6]} .

Cathepsin G Inhibitor I (Compound 7) is a potent, selective, reversible, competitive, non-peptidic Cathepsin G inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 53 nM; K_i = 63 nM). Cathepsin G Inhibitor I can be used in research related to immune disorders.

N-Ethylmaleimide-d₅ is the deuterium labeled N-Ethylmaleimide. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), a reagent that alkylates free sulfhydryl groups, is a cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide is also a deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor.

Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrochloride a fluorescent trypsin and cathepsin K substrate. Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrochloride can be used to determine trypsin and cathepsin K activity.

Cathepsin inhibitor 1 (Compound 25) is a potent and selective inhibitor of Cathepsin, with pIC₅₀s of 7.9, 6.7, 6.0, 5.5 and 5.2 for CatL, CatL2, CatS, CatK, and CatB, respectively. Cathepsin inhibitor 1 is promising for research of osteoarthritis.

Papain inhibitor (Glycylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-arginine) is a competitive papain-targeting enzyme inhibitor with a K_i of 9 μM. Papain inhibitor binds directly to the substrate binding site of papain, inhibiting substrate hydrolysis by the enzyme. Papain inhibitor functions as a component of an electrochemical probe for the detection of papain.

ALLM (Calpain inhibitor II) is a potent inhibitor of calpain and cathepsin proteases. ALLM inhibits neuronal cell death and improves chronic neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Z-LVG-CHN2 is a cell-permeable and irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinase. Z-LVG-CHN2 is a tripeptide derivative and mimics part of the human cysteine proteinase-binding center. Z-LVG-CHN2 displays an inhibition on HSV whereas no significant effect on poliovirus replication. Z-LVG-CHN2 effectively blocks SARS-COV-2 replication (EC₅₀=190 nM) via inhibition of SARS-COV-2 3CL pro protease.

Mesaconic acid (Citronic acid; Methylfumaric acid) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Mesaconic acid reduces the level of NF-κB in colon tissues, downregulates the expression of Keap1 and Bax, upregulates the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl2, and decreases the expression of Caspase-1. Mesaconic acid reduces the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Casp-1 in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increases the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, elevates NAD⁺ levels, regulates oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels, and upregulates intestinal barrier proteins in colon, liver and kidney tissues. Mesaconic acid increases the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and reduces the abundance of harmful gut bacteria in rapidly aging mice, and exhibits anti-aging properties. Mesaconic acid acts as a flame retardant and serves as a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction. Mesaconic acid can be used in the research of aging-related inflammation.

KGP94 is a selective inhibitor of cathepsin L with an IC₅₀ of 189 nM. KGP94 inhibits migration and invasion of metastatic carcinoma and shows low cytotoxicity (GI₅₀=26.9 µM) against various human cell lines.

Cathepsin C-IN-5 (compound SF38) is a potent, selective and orally active Cathepsin C inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 59.9 nM, 4.26 µM, >5 µM, >5 µM, >5 µM for Cat C, Cat L, Cat S, Cat B, Cat K, respectively. Cathepsin C-IN-5 inhibits the Cat C activity in bone marrow and blood. Cathepsin C-IN-5 decreases the activation of NSPs (neutrophil serine proteases). Cathepsin C-IN-5 shows anti-inflammatory activity.

Olgotrelvir (STI-1558) sodium is an orally active dual inhibitor of coronavirus main protease (Mpro) and human cell cathepsin (Cathepsin L). Olgotrelvir sodium is readily converted to its active form, AC1115, in full blood and/or plasma. Olgotrelvir sodium can effectively inhibit both SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry into host cells.

Cathepsin X-IN-1 (compound 25) is a potent Cathepsin X inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 7.13 µM. Cathepsin X-IN-1 decreases PC-3 cell migration with low cytotoxic.

Cysteine Protease inhibitor is a cysteine protease inhibitor. Cysteine Protease inhibitor can be used in immunoblotting experiments of cells or tissues.

LN5P45 is an OTUB2 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 2.3 μM). LN5P45 induces monoubiquitination of OTUB2 on lysine 31. LN5P45 can be used for research of tumor progression and metastasis.

JPM-OEt is a broad spectrum cysteine cathepsin inhibitor. JPM-OEt binds covalently in the active site, and irreversibly inhibits the cysteine cathepsin family. Antitumor activity.