MAPKAPK2 (MK2) Inhibitor

PF-3644022 is a potent, selective, orally active and ATP-competitive MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 5.2 nM and a K_i of 3 nM. PF-3644022 also inhibits MK3 and p38 regulated/activated kinase (PRAK) with IC₅₀s of 53 nM and 5.0 nM, respectively. PF-3644022 potently inhibits TNFα production and has anti-inflammatory effect.

Dehydrocostus Lactone ((-)-Dehydrocostus lactone) is a natural sesquiterpene that can be isolated from Saussurea lappa. Dehydrocostus Lactone has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Dehydrocostus Lactone has an MIC of 2 µg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dehydrocostus Lactone can also inhibit the killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and induce apoptosis in tumor cells.

Gamcemetinib (CC-99677) is a potent, covalent, and irreversible inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) pathway in both biochemical (IC₅₀=156.3 nM) and cell based assays (EC₅₀=89 nM). Gamcemetinib is extracted from patent WO2020236636, compound 1.

Kukoamine B, a spermine alkaloid, is a potent dual LPS and CpG DNA inhibitor with K_d values of 1.23 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively. Kukoamine B exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic and neuroprotective effects. Kukoamine B has the potential for the study of sepsis.

MK2-IN-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MAPKAP-K2 (MK-2), with an IC₅₀ of 8.5 nM. MK2-IN-3 shows selectivity for MK-2 over MK-3, MK-5, ERK2, MNK1, p38a (IC₅₀s=0.21, 0.081, 3.44, 5.7, and >100 μM, respectively) and MSK1, MSK2, CDK2, JNK2, IKK2 (IC₅₀s>200 μM). MK2-IN-3 can reduce TNFα production in both U937 cells and in vivo.

HRX-0233 is an orally potent MAP2K4 inhibitor. HRX-0233 inhibits the MAP2K4-JNK-JUN signaling pathway, blocks the feedback activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, and sustains the inhibitory effect on KRAS signaling. HRX-0233 exerts synergistic inhibition on the mTORC1 and MAPK pathways. When combined with Ipatasertib (HY-15186) or Sotorasib (HY-114277), it produces synergistic antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic (apoptosis) and antitumor effects, and shows good tolerability in mouse models. HRX-0233 can be used in CRISPR knockout screens to identify vulnerability-related genes. HRX-0233 is applicable to research related to prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer.

Agrimonolide is a phenethyl isocoumarin compound discovered from Agrimonia pilosa, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Agrimonolide inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, and TLR4-mediated neuroinflammatory signaling, suppresses Notch and JAK2/STAT3 signaling to modulate Th17/Treg balance and maintain the intestinal barrier. Agrimonolide decreases HIF1A expression, inhibits glycolysis, and induces ferroptosis and cell cycle arrest via the mTOR pathway in tumor models, thereby suppressing cancer cell viability, proliferation, and metastasis. Agrimonolide exerts hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects by regulating bile acid transporter expression and reducing hepatic bile acid accumulation. Agrimonolide is used for research on ulcerative colitis, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cholestatic liver injury, and neuroinflammation.

Zunsemetinib (CDD-450) is an orally active and selective p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway inhibitor. Zunsemetinib can be used for the research of immuno-inflammatory diseases.

Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 is a 3-pyridylmethylamino analog, and is a selective Tpl2 inhibitor (IC₅₀=50 nM). Tpl2 consists of COT kinase and MAP3K8. Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor 1 plays an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response and the progression of some cancers.

Proinsulin C-peptide (human) is a peptide consisting of 31 amino acids that links the A and B chains of proinsulin to ensure its correct folding. Proinsulin C-peptide (human) inhibits the high glucose-induced increase in PDGF-β receptor protein expression and the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase. Proinsulin C-peptide (human) increases the deformability of erythrocytes derived from type 1 diabetes, inhibits insulin-induced neointimal thickening, and suppresses the proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells cultured under high-glucose conditions.

CMPD1 is a selective and non-ATP-competitive p38 MAPK-mediated MK2 phosphorylation inhibitor with apparent K_i (K_i^app) of 330 nM.

MK2-IN-1 hydrochloride (compound 1) is a potent and selecitve MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.11 uM for MK2 and an EC₅₀ of 0.35 uM for pHSP27. MK2-IN-1 hydrochloride impaires the phosphorylation level of serine residues in the Tfcp2l1 protein.

MK2-IN-3 hydrate (compound 16) is an orally active, selective, and ATP-competitive MAPKAP-K2 (MK-2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 8.5 nM.MK2-IN-3 hydrate is exceptional selectivity against MK-3 (IC₅₀=0.21 μM), MK-5 (IC₅₀=0.081 μM), ERK2 (IC₅₀=3.44 μM), MNK1(IC₅₀=5.7 μM) as well as CDK2, JNK2, IKK2, MSK1, and MSK2.

MK2-IN-1 (compound 1) is a potent and selecitve MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.11 uM for MK2 and an EC₅₀ of 0.35 uM for pHSP27. MK2-IN-1 impaires the phosphorylation level of serine residues in the Tfcp2l1 protein.

Quazinone is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-inhibited-phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE, PDE3). Quazinone inhibits the phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAP kinase. Quazinone possesses antimitogenic effect .