PKC Inhibitor

Endoxifen Z-isomer is an orally active selective PKCβ1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 360 nM against human PKCβ1. Endoxifen Z-isomer also acts as an estrogen receptor modulator and antiestrogen. Endoxifen Z-isomer binds to and blocks ERα, ERβ and PKCβ1, inhibits estrogen and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathways, suppresses the expression of genes associated with cell cycle, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, and induces apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hypoxic features. Endoxifen Z-isomer inhibits tumor growth in breast tumor and glioblastoma models, reduces bone turnover and blood lipid levels, and does not require metabolism via CYP2D6. Endoxifen Z-isomer can be used in research related to ER⁺ breast cancer, invasive breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, type I bipolar disorder, desmoid tumor, gynecological malignancies, melanoma and hormone receptor-positive solid tumors.

Bisindolylmaleimide X hydrochloride(Ro 31-8425 hydrochloride, BIM-X hydrochloride) is a cell-penetrating PKC inhibitor. Bisindolylmaleimide X hydrochloride is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 200 nM. Bisindolylmaleimide X hydrochloride inhibits the proliferation of CD4 T cells in vitro. Bisindolylmaleimide X hydrochloride inhibits eNOS-Ser1177 phosphorylation in human embryonic vein endothelial cells. Bisindolylmaleimide X hydrochloride can be used for research on the immune system and cardiovascular diseases.

Delcasertib (KAI-9803) hydrochloride is a potent and selective δ-protein kinase C (δPKC) inhibitor. Delcasertib (KAI-9803) hydrochloride could ameliorate injury associated with ischemia and reperfusion in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

PKCζ-IN-1 is a PKCζ-selective inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 5.18 nM against human PKCζ. PKCζ-IN-1 also inhibits CDK2 with an IC₅₀ of 1.04 μM. PKCζ-IN-1 is applicable to research related to immune and inflammatory diseases.

TCS 21311 (NIBR3049) is a potent, highly selective JAK3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 8 nM, it displays >100-fold selectivity over JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2. TCS 21311 (NIBR3049) inhibits PKCα, PKCθ, and GSK3β with IC₅₀s of 13, 68, and 3 nM, respectively.

HA-100 is a potent protein kinase inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 4 μM, 8 μM, 12 μM and 240 μM for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and MLC-kinase, respectively. HA-100 also used as a ROCK inhibitor.

Aurothiomalate sodium acts as an inhibitor of PKCI and TrxR1. Aurothiomalate sodium disrupts the PKCI-Par6-Rac1 signaling pathway, and also inhibits TrxR1 activity, TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Aurothiomalate sodium blocks Kras-mediated BASC expansion and lung tumor growth, inhibits anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells, and suppresses neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and leukocyte extravasation. Aurothiomalate sodium can be used in research related to rheumatoid arthritis and non-small cell lung cancer.

Afuresertib hydrochloride (GSK 2110183 hydrochloride) is an orally bioavailable, selective, ATP-competitive and potent pan-Akt kinase inhibitor with K_is of 0.08/2/2.6 nM for Akt1/Akt2/Akt3 respectively.

Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate (Ro 31-7549 acetate) is a potent and selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 158 nM for rat brain PKC. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate has IC₅₀s of 53, 195, 163, 213, and 175 nM for PKC-α, PKC-β_I, PKC-β_II, PKC-γ, PKC-ε, respectively. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate facilitates Fas-mediated apoptosis and inhibits T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.

PKC-iota inhibitor 1 is a protein kinase C-iota (PKC-ι) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.34 μM. PKC-iota inhibitor 1 can be used for the study of cancer.

Calphostin C is a highly selective PKC inhibitor (IC₅₀=0.05 μM) and tumor apoptosis inducer. Calphostin C competitively binds to PKC and inhibits PKC-mediated phosphorylation signal transduction. Calphostin C restores Na+/K+ ATPase activity in the sciatic nerve of diabetic mice and improves neuropathy. Calphostin C can be used in the study of anti-tumor and diabetic complications.

Desmethylglycitein (4',6,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone), a metabolite of daidzein, sourced from Glycine max with antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. Desmethylglycitein binds directly to CDK1 and CDK2 in vivo, resulting in the suppresses CDK1 and CDK2 activity. Desmethylglycitein is a direct inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC)α, against solar UV (sUV)-induced matrix matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Desmethylglycitein binds to PI3K in an ATP competitive manner in the cytosol, where it inhibits the activity of PI3K and downstream signaling cascades, leading to the suppression of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

PKC-theta inhibitor 1 is an orally active and selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of Protein Kinase Cθ (PKCθ), with a K_i value of 6 nM. PKC-theta inhibitor 1 inhibits T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses by suppressing the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2 IC₅₀ = 0.21 μM in anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs; IL-17 IC₅₀ = 1 μM in CD3/CD28-stimulated Th17 cells) PKC-theta inhibitor 1 significantly reduces symptoms in mice with ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). PKC-theta inhibitor 1 can be used for the study of T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 is a selective inhibitor of PKC and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, with a K_i value of 6.0 μM for rabbit protein kinase C, a K_i value of 3.0 μM for rabbit cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and a K_i value of 5.8 μM for porcine cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 has no effect on Ca²⁺-calmodulin-dependent enzymes. Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 regulates the Actin cytoskeleton, inhibits contractility, disrupts stress fibers, induces protrusive activity, stabilizes intercellular junctions, and triggers rapid and reversible cytoskeletal reorganization. Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 serves as a research tool for elucidating the functions of protein kinase C-mediated signaling systems.

Cercosporin is produced by a plant pathogen, Pseudocercosporella capsellae. Cercosporin is a potent photosensitizer with a short activation wavelength, mostly suitable for superficial photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatments, especially when it is necessary to avoid perforations. Cercosporin contains the perylenequinone structural features necessary to PKC activity with an IC₅₀ of 0.6-1.3 μM.

Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride is a potent PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor. At 100 μM, Protein kinase inhibitor H-7 dihydrochloride completely inhibits both TPA (skin tumour promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and phospholipase C-induced ODC (ornithine decarboxylase).

MS-553 is a potent, ATP-competitive and reversible inhibitor of conventional PKC enzymes with K_is of 5.3 and 10.4 nM for human PKCβ and PKCα, and IC₅₀s of 2.3, 8.1, 7.6, 25.6, 57.5, 314, 808 nM for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCθ, PKCγ, PKC mu and PKCε, respectively.

Bisindolylmaleimide IV (Arcyriarubin A) is a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, with IC₅₀s ranging from 0.1 to 0.55 μM. Bisindolylmaleimide IV also inhibits PKA (IC₅₀=3.1-11.8μM). Bisindolylmaleimide IV is a potent, selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in cell culture with an IC₅₀ of 0.2 μM.

PKC-IN-6 is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) with an IC₅₀ of 240 μM. PKC-IN-6 shows no inhibitory activity against PKC-δ, PKA or EGF-R tyrosine kinase. PKC-IN-6 can be used in research related to bladder cancer.

ζ-Stat (NSC37044) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 5 μM. ζ-Stat can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro.