Cell Function Analysiss

DFHBI-1T is a membrane-permeable RNA aptamers-activated fluorescence probe (ex/em=472 nm/507 nm). DFHBI-1T binds to RNA aptamers (Spinach, Spinach2, iSpinach, and Broccoli) and causes specific fluorescence and lower background fluorescence. DFHBI-1T is used to image RNA in live cells.

Calcein AM, has cell membrane permeability and can easily enter the cell. Calcein AM has no fluorescence and is hydrolyzed by endogenous esterase in the cell to produce polar molecule Calcein (Calcein), which has strong negative charge and cannot permeate the cell membrane. Calcein can emit strong green fluorescence, so it is often used with Propidium Iodide for cell viability/virulence detection, excitation/emission wavelength: 494/515 nm.

Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein (HPF) is a stable ROS fluorescent probe dye. Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein has stronger specificity and stability than H2DCFDA (HY-D0940). Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can produce strong green fluorescence through hydroxyl radical reaction with intracellular peroxynitroso. Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can be applied for fluorescence microscopy, high-throughput imager, luciferase microplate reader or flow cytometry. Ex/Em=490/515 nm.

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) has been developed as a selective probe for the detection and quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide in samples containing different reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). DPBF is a fluorescent probe which, for almost 20 years, was believed to react in a highly specific manner toward some reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen and hydroxy, alkyloxy or alkylperoxy radicals.

ATP-Red 1 is a multisite-binding switchable fluorescent probe, and can selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular concentrations of ATP in living cells (Ex/Em = 510/590 nm).

FITC-Dextran (MW 150000) is a fluorescent probe for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran (Ex=491 nm; Em=518 nm). FITC-Dextran (MW 150000) can be used as a marker to reveal heat shock-induced cell damage and to study the early and late stages of apoptosis. FITC-Dextran (MW 150000) can be used in perfusion studies in animals or in fluorescence microlymphography, to study processes that affect the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). FITC-Dextran (MW 150000) can be used as fluorescent probe to study cell permeability.

WST-8 is a water-soluble tetrazolium dye, WST-8 enhances sensitivity of the WST-8-based assay over the conventional MTS-based assay.

Dansyl chloride is a reagent that produces stable blue or blue-green fluorescent sulfonamide adducts in the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic amines with primary amino groups, and is widely used for modified amino acids, protein sequencing and amino acid analysis.

Luc Yellow CH dilithium is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Luc Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Luc Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Luc Yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively.

Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride ([Ru(dpp)3]²⁺) is an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) probe and oxygen-sensitive sensor. Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride can be used to modify electrode surfaces for the detection of sulfates (S₂O₈^2-) and oxalates, based on electrochemical reactions that generate excited-state species, releasing photons through irreversible redox reactions. Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride utilizes the oxygen quenching of fluorescence mechanism, where fluorescence intensity reflects the metabolic rate of living microorganisms or oxygen levels within cells/tumors, allowing for real-time detection. Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride's main applications include microbial detection, antibacterial activity studies, and tumor microenvironment research.

TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasma membrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined.

Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene Blue is a photosensitizer and redox agent. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation.

Thiazole Orange is an asymmetric anthocyanin dye that can be coupled with oligonucleotides (ONs) to prepare fluorescent hybridization probes. Thiazole Orange has been widely used in biomolecular detection and staining of DNA/ RNA in gels and can be used for reticulocyte analysis. Thiazole orange generates a significant fluorescence enhancement and high quantum yield when it binds with nucleic acids, especially RNA. Thiazole orange can permeate living cell membranes. Thiazole orange can use UV light for detection, but can also be detected with blue light. The excitation and emission of Thiazole orange are λ_ex = 510 nm (488 nm and 470 nm also show strong excitation) and λ_em = 527 nm, respectively.

2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA) is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate can be used to detect the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and for assessing the overall oxidative stress in toxicological phenomenon.

Texas Red (Sulforhodamine 101) is an amphoteric rhodamine red fluorescent dye (excitation/emission: 586/605 nm). Texas Red is used extensively for investigating neuronal morphology and acts as acell type-selective fluorescent marker of astrocytes bothin vivoand in slice preparations.

ADHP is a fluorogenic peroxidase substrate (λ_ex=530 nm, λ_em=590 nm).

MKT-077 (FJ-776), a highly water-soluble mitochondrial dye, has significant antitumor activity. MKT-077 exhibits low cytotoxicity, and inhibits broad-spectrum human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer). MKT-077 inhibits the growth of tumor in nude mice enograft tumor model. Ex/Em=488/543 nm.

Diphenyl Blue (Trypan Blue) is a cell active dye, the most commonly used dye for the identification of dead cells, of en used to test cell membrane integrity and cell viability. Diphenyl Blue staining is one of the methods for tissue and cell culture. When cells are deactivated or have incomplete cell membranes, Diphenyl Blue can stain them Blue. Normal living cells with intact cell membranes reject Diphenyl blue and do not stain them blue. However, macrophages are capable of phagocytosis of Diphenyl Blue, so it can be used as a living stain for macrophages.

WST-1 is a kind of water-soluble tetrazolium salt. WST induces the intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase to conduct NADH-dependent enzyme digestion reaction, releasing the water-soluble methyl benzene product. WST-1 can be used for the detection of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, via the determination of the light absorption value at 450 nm.

Luminol is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence with pK_a values of 6.74 and 15.1. Luminol exhibits chemiluminescence (CL) at 425 nm λ_max. Luminol is commonly used in forensics as a diagnostic tool for the detection of blood stains.