Belnacasan
Based on 172 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Belnacasan (VX-765) is an orally bioactive proagent of VRT-043198, which is a potent and selective inhibitor of IL-converting enzyme (ICE)/caspase-1 with Kis of 0.8 nM and less than 0.6 nM for caspase-1 and caspase-4, respectively. Belnacasan (VX-765) inhibits the release of LPS-induced IL-1β and IL-18 by human PBMCs with an IC50 of ~0.7 μM.
商品は「研究用試薬」です。人や動物の医療用・臨床診断用・食品用の製品ではありません。
研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度: 99.99%
- CAS 番号: 273404-37-8
- 分子式: C24H33ClN4O6
- 分子量:509.00
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保管条件:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
MedChemExpress(MCE)の使用を引用している文献 Belnacasan
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- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022 Jun 24;7(1):190. [Abstract]
- Nature. 2026 Apr;652(8112):1362-1374. [Abstract]
- Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Oct 29. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2019 Sep 3;30(3):477-492.e6. [Abstract]
- Drug Resist Updat. 2024 Aug 6:77:101126. [Abstract]
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- Nat Aging. 2024 May 9. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Apr 20;17(1):4724. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Dec 8. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 1;15(1):8514. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2025 May 20. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2024 May;31(5):662-671. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2022 Aug;29(8):1486-1499. [Abstract]
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Apoptosis Analysis
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WB
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Caspase アイソフォーム固有の製品をすべて表示
More
生物活性
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Caspase-1 |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBMC | IC50 |
0.8 nM
Compound: 14
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Anti-inflammatory activity in human PBMC cells assessed as decrease in LPS-stimulated IL-1beta mRNA expression level incubated for 3 hrs by RT-qPCR analysis
Anti-inflammatory activity in human PBMC cells assessed as decrease in LPS-stimulated IL-1beta mRNA expression level incubated for 3 hrs by RT-qPCR analysis
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[PMID: 37857145] |
Belnacasan (50-200 mg/kg) significantly reduces serum IL-1β levels by as much as 60%. It is noteworthy that the effect of Belnacasan on the release of IL-1β induced by LPS reached a plateau at 100 mg/kg. Belnacasan (25-100 mg/kg × 2) significantly reduces ear edema. Belnacasan also dose-dependently reduces the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators in the ear biopsy samples[2].
Belnacasan (25-200 mg/kg) significantly delays the time to seizure onset by 1.5- to twofold (p<0.01), reduces the number of seizures by 40% (p<0.01) and the total time spent in EEG seizure activity by 30 to 50% (p<0.01)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
化学情報
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CAS 番号 273404-37-8
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性状 Solid
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分子量 509.00
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分子式 C24H33ClN4O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
ClC1=C(N)C=CC(C(N[C@@H](C(C)(C)C)C(N2[C@H](C(N[C@H]3CC(O[C@H]3OCC)=O)=O)CCC2)=O)=O)=C1
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別名
VX-765
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (172)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286 -
Signal Transduct Target Ther
2022 Jun 24;7(1):190. PMID: 35739093 -
Nature
2026 Apr;652(8112):1362-1374. PMID: 42020739 -
Nat Nanotechnol
A modular mRNA platform for programmable induction of tumour-specific immunogenic cell death. [Abstract]2025 Oct 29. PMID: 41162605 -
Cell Metab
The DNA Repair Nuclease MRE11A Functions as a Mitochondrial Protector and Prevents T Cell Pyroptosis and Tissue Inflammation. [Abstract]2019 Sep 3;30(3):477-492.e6. PMID: 31327667 -
Drug Resist Updat
crVDAC3 alleviates ferroptosis by impeding HSPB1 ubiquitination and confers trastuzumab deruxtecan resistance in HER2-low breast cancer. [Abstract]2024 Aug 6:77:101126. PMID: 39243601 -
Bioact Mater
Lysosomal destabilization: A missing link between pathological calcification and osteoarthritis. [Abstract]2023 Dec 14:34:37-50. PMID: 38173842 -
Nat Aging
Converting cell death into senescence by PARP1 inhibition improves recovery from acute oxidative injury. [Abstract]2024 May 9. PMID: 38724734 -
Nat Commun
Chemotherapy-induced activation of caspase-1 and IL-1α release by cancer cells remotely skews myelopoiesis to drive pro tumorigenic systemic neutrophil-dominant inflammation. [Abstract]2026 Apr 20;17(1):4724. PMID: 42009646 -
Nat Commun
2025 Dec 8. PMID: 41361241 -
Nat Commun
Caspase-1-dependent spatiality in triple-negative breast cancer and response to immunotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Oct 1;15(1):8514. PMID: 39353903 -
Cell Death Differ
GPX4-AUTAC induces ferroptosis in breast cancer by promoting the selective autophagic degradation of GPX4 mediated by TRAF6-p62. [Abstract]2025 May 20. PMID: 40394165 -
Cell Death Differ
RIPK3 cleavage is dispensable for necroptosis inhibition but restricts NLRP3 inflammasome activation. [Abstract]2024 May;31(5):662-671. PMID: 38514849 -
Cell Death Differ
2022 Aug;29(8):1486-1499. PMID: 35066575
Belnacasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Differ. 2022 Aug;29(8):1486-1499. [Abstract]
Flow cytometry of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing caspase activity in the absence (Med) or presence of Q-VD-Oph (Q-VD) (10 μM) (Top). Inhibition of caspase activity (preventive effect) in the presence of IDN-6556 (10 μM), VX-765 (10 μM), Q-VD and MCC950. Percentages were calculated as follows: (Med-Inh/Med)*100. Each dot represents one individual (Middle). Flow cytometry of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing annexin V in the absence (Med) or presence of Q-VD (Bottom).
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Acta Pharm Sin B
Inhibition of gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis attenuates the progression of silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. [Abstract]2022 Mar;12(3):1213-1224. PMID: 35530143 -
Autophagy
RETREG1/FAM134B-mediated ERGICphagy regulates GSDME-dependent dendritic cell pyroptosis during sepsis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 20:1-19. PMID: 41787734 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2024 Mar;11(10):e2303341. PMID: 38145352 -
Theranostics
Establishment of tumor inflammasome clusters with distinct immunogenomic landscape aids immunotherapy. [Abstract]2021 Oct 17;11(20):9884-9903. PMID: 34815793 -
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J Exp Clin Cancer Res
L-kynurenine induces NK cell loss in gastric cancer microenvironment via promoting ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. PMID: 36855135 -
Sci Adv
RIPK3 deficiency blocks R-2-hydroxyglutarate-induced necroptosis in IDH-mutated AML cells. [Abstract]2024 Apr 19;10(16):eadi1782. PMID: 38630819 -
Redox Biol
Inhibition of METTL3 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through suppression of TFRC-mediated ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Jun:72:103157. PMID: 38631119 -
J Hazard Mater
SiO2 NP promotes allergic gastritis induced by degranulation of mouse MC9 cell through AQP4-mediated impairment of SIRT3-TFAM deacetylation and mitochondrial autophagy. [Abstract]2025 Oct 5:497:139721. PMID: 40916298 -
Environ Sci Technol
2024 Oct 1;58(39):17259-17269. PMID: 39208335 -
J Hazard Mater
Co-exposure of chronic stress and alumina nanoparticles aggravates hippocampal microglia pyroptosis by activating cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Aug 15:436:129093. PMID: 35569374 -
J Exp Med
2022 Oct 3;219(10):e20212117. PMID: 36129453 -
Mater Today Bio
Targeted inflammatory microenvironment remodeling and NIR-II photothermal therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm. [Abstract]2026 Jan 6:36:102770. PMID: 41567736 -
J Neuroinflammation
Blockade of the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis attenuates ketamine-induced hippocampus pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in neonatal rats. [Abstract]2021 Oct 19;18(1):239. PMID: 34666787 -
J Neuroinflammation
25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1β production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner. [Abstract]2020 Jun 17;17(1):192. PMID: 32552741 -
Environ Int
1,2-Dichloroethane induces testicular pyroptosis by activating piR-mmu-1019957/IRF7 pathway and the protective effects of melatonin. [Abstract]2024 Feb:184:108480. PMID: 38341879 -
Cell Death Dis
Programmed cell death pathways coordinate neutrophil and macrophage clearance in zebrafish and are differentially exploited by Salmonella Typhimurium. [Abstract]2025 Dec 8. PMID: 41360763 -
Cell Death Dis
LL37 complexed to double-stranded RNA induces RIG-I-like receptor signalling and Gasdermin E activation facilitating IL-36γ release from keratinocytes. [Abstract]2025 Mar 22;16(1):198. PMID: 40121229 -
Cell Death Dis
The involvement of the Stat1/Nrf2 pathway in exacerbating Crizotinib-induced liver injury: implications for ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 19;15(8):600. PMID: 39160159 -
Cell Death Dis
Honokiol suppresses the aberrant interactions between renal resident macrophages and tubular epithelial cells in lupus nephritis through the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 axis. [Abstract]2023 Mar 1;14(3):174. PMID: 36859530 -
Cell Death Dis
Irisin protects against vascular calcification by activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell pyroptosis in chronic kidney disease. [Abstract]2022 Mar 30;13(3):283. PMID: 35354793 -
Cell Death Dis
Complement induces podocyte pyroptosis in membranous nephropathy by mediating mitochondrial dysfunction. [Abstract]2022 Mar 29;13(3):281. PMID: 35351877 -
Cell Death Dis
Induction of ASC pyroptosis requires gasdermin D or caspase-1/11-dependent mediators and IFNβ from pyroptotic macrophages. [Abstract]2020 Jun 18;11(6):470. PMID: 32555186 -
Cell Death Dis
Blocking GSDMD processing in innate immune cells but not in hepatocytes protects hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2020 Apr 17;11(4):244. PMID: 32303674 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Ace2 safeguards embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production by restraining Nlrp3-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 9;122(49):e2515641122. PMID: 41348733 -
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Int J Biol Macromol
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg polysaccharide mitigates macrophage pyroptosis and prevents acute lung injury by regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathways. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;323(Pt 1):147192. PMID: 40882722 -
Int J Biol Macromol
An alkali-extracted acidic heteropolysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea L. ameliorates acute lung injury in septic mice by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jul;318(Pt 2):145139. PMID: 40505906 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK suppresses Seneca Valley Virus replication by targeting the active sites of the 3C protease. [Abstract]2025 May;306(Pt 3):141587. PMID: 40032110 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
The caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 upregulates connexin 43 expression and improves cell-cell communication after myocardial infarction via suppressing the IL-1β/p38 MAPK pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep;43(9):2289-2301. PMID: 35132192 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
2021 Feb;42(2):301-310. PMID: 32699265 -
Phytomedicine
Lupenone regulates LOXL2-mediated PANoptosis signaling through E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF168 to improve radiation-induced lung injury. [Abstract]2026 Apr:153:157983. PMID: 41722124 -
EMBO J
Cardiolipin inhibits the non-canonical inflammasome by preventing LPS binding to caspase-4/11. [Abstract]2025 Aug;44(16):4419-4442. PMID: 40670771 -
Phytomedicine
Berberine protects against dysentery by targeting both Shigella filamentous temperature sensitive protein Z and host pyroptosis: Resolving in vitro-vivo effect discrepancy. [Abstract]2025 Apr:139:156517. PMID: 39986228 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Phosphatidylethanolamine alleviates OX-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation. [Abstract]2023 Nov 1:208:402-417. PMID: 37660837 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Cigarette tar mediates macrophage ferroptosis in atherosclerosis through the hepcidin/FPN/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 May 20:201:76-88. PMID: 36933812 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Manganese induces tumor cell ferroptosis through type-I IFN dependent inhibition of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. [Abstract]2022 Nov 20;193(Pt 1):202-212. PMID: 36228830 -
Environ Res
2024 Aug 15:255:119210. PMID: 38795947 -
Brain Behav Immun
TDP-43 upregulation mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome induces cognitive impairment in 2 2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-treated mice. [Abstract]2017 Oct:65:99-110. PMID: 28532818
Belnacasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Oct:65:99-110. [Abstract]
VX765 treatment successfully inhibits the caspase 1 activity and reduces nuclear TDP-43 and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the hippocampus of BDE-47-treated mice.
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Brain Behav Immun
NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediates estrogen deficiency-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal inflammation in mice. [Abstract]2016 Aug:56:175-86. PMID: 26928197
Belnacasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Aug:56:175-86. [Abstract]
The effects of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor VX-765 on NF-κB and CD11b levels in Sham and OVX groups. Sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy is performed and then the mice are subcutaneously administrated with the chemicals as indicated for four weeks. (A) p-p65 protein level with representative protein bands presented on top of histogram; (B) CD11b protein level with representative protein bands presented on top of histogram.
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Biomed Pharmacother
Inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling cascades ameliorates ketamine-induced renal injury and pyroptosis in neonatal rats. [Abstract]2022 Aug:152:113229. PMID: 35679721 -
Chin Med J (Engl)
Erianin induces GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis and synergistically enhances doxorubicin efficacy via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. [Abstract]2025 Aug 20. PMID: 40830921 -
Cell Chem Biol
The septin modifier, forchlorfenuron, activates NLRP3 via a potassium-independent mitochondrial axis. [Abstract]2024 May 16;31(5):962-972.e4. PMID: 38759620 -
Cell Death Discov
MDH2 regulates the sensitivity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma to ferroptosis through its interaction with FSP1. [Abstract]2024 Aug 13;10(1):363. PMID: 39138167 -
Mol Med
Multi-regulatory potency of USP1 on inflammasome components promotes pyroptosis in thyroid follicular cells and contributes to the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 12;30(1):121. PMID: 39134949 -
J Agric Food Chem
Neurotoxic Domino Effect: Dietary Silica Nanoparticles Spark Microglial Extracellular Traps and Neuronal Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 13;73(32):20396-20409. PMID: 40740003 -
Transl Psychiatry
Melatonin alleviates chronic stress-induced hippocampal microglia pyroptosis and subsequent depression-like behaviors by inhibiting Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats. [Abstract]2024 Mar 27;14(1):166. PMID: 38538614 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Lycopene inhibits zearalenone-induced ferroptosis via activating AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in AML-12 hepatocytes and in mice livers. [Abstract]2025 Sep 15:303:119045. PMID: 40945091 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Zinc oxide nanoparticles disrupt the mammary epithelial barrier via Z-DNA binding protein 1-triggered PANoptosis. [Abstract]2024 Jul 24:283:116777. PMID: 39053182 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
VX-765 attenuates silica-induced lung inflammatory injury and fibrosis by modulating alveolar macrophages pyroptosis in mice. [Abstract]2023 Jan 1:249:114359. PMID: 36508797 -
Cancer Cell Int
Potential value of immunogenic cell death related-genes in refining European leukemiaNet guidelines classification and predicting the immune infiltration landscape in acute myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]2025 Feb 18;25(1):52. PMID: 39966805 -
Cell Biol Toxicol
Targeting p38γ synergistically enhances sorafenib-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jan 28;41(1):35. PMID: 39871031 -
Virulence
2025 Dec;16(1):2560890. PMID: 40944942 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Procyanidin B2 attenuates microvascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy via inhibition of caspase-1/GSDMD mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 26:344:119528. PMID: 39986358 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
The Jieduan-Niwan Formula Reduces Inflammatory Responses in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Rats by Inhibiting HMGB1-Induced Hepatocyte Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 2:19:2503-2517. PMID: 40190810 -
Inflammation
Exploring the Role of TRAF6-TAK1 Pathway in Podocyte Pyroptosis and Its Implications for Primary Membranous Nephropathy Therapy. [Abstract]2025 Jan 30. PMID: 39883393 -
Inflammation
Ghrelin Inhibits Inflammasomes Activation in Astrocytes, Alleviates Pyroptosis, and Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depression-like Behavior in Mice. [Abstract]2024 Dec 19. PMID: 39702621 -
Inflammation
LncRNA H19 Mitigates Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induced Pyroptosis via Caspase-1 in Raw 264.7 Cells. [Abstract]2021 Dec;44(6):2407-2418. PMID: 34341910 -
Immunology
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1 (CASP1) modulation by intracellular Cl- concentration. [Abstract]2021 Aug;163(4):493-511. PMID: 33835494 -
PLoS Pathog
African swine fever virus pEP364R acts as an important inflammatory-inducing factor to activate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by regulating DDX3X. [Abstract]2026 Feb 25;22(2):e1013874. PMID: 41739885 -
Int J Mol Sci
2025 Mar 2;26(5):2237. PMID: 40076859 -
Int J Mol Sci
HERV-W Env Induces Neuron Pyroptosis via the NLRP3-CASP1-GSDMD Pathway in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. [Abstract]2025 Jan 9;26(2):520. PMID: 39859234 -
Int J Oncol
Curcumin inhibits the activity of ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 to promote NLRP3‑dependent pyroptosis in non‑small cell lung cancer cells. [Abstract]2025 Mar;66(3):21. PMID: 39950328 -
Int Immunopharmacol
High-cholesterol-load-triggered pyroptosis of gingival fibroblasts promotes periodontitis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 1:174:116259. PMID: 41707588 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Interleukin-17D accelerates atherosclerosis through promoting endothelial cells ferroptosis via CD93/miR-181a-5p/SLC7A11 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Nov 6;143(Pt 3):113558. PMID: 39510035 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Diallyl disulfide attenuates pyroptosis via NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway to exert a protective effect on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. [Abstract]2023 Oct 14;124(Pt B):111030. PMID: 37844463 -
Int Immunopharmacol
VX765 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by suppressing caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2022 Jan:102:108405. PMID: 34865993 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
LncRNA GAS5 inhibits miR-579-3p to activate SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce cell pyroptosis in sepsis-associated renal injury. [Abstract]2021 Jul 1;321(1):C117-C133. PMID: 34010066 -
Arthritis Res Ther
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve pyroptosis and mitochondrial integrity through miR-515-5p-mediated TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD axis in rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15;27(1):226. PMID: 41398286 -
Molecules
Downregulation of the NLRP3/Caspse-1 Pathway Ameliorates Ketamine-Induced Liver Injury and Inflammation in Developing Rats. [Abstract]2022 May 4;27(9):2931. PMID: 35566282 -
Hepatol Commun
Gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis suppresses liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy. [Abstract]2022 Sep;6(9):2340-2353. PMID: 35509206 -
Molecules
Antiproliferation Activity and Mechanism of c9, t11, c15-CLNA and t9, t11, c15-CLNA from Lactobacillus plantarum ZS2058 on Colon Cancer Cells. [Abstract]2020 Mar 9;25(5):1225. PMID: 32182796 -
Toxicology
Acrolein induces NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and suppresses migration via ROS-dependent autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. [Abstract]2018 Dec 1:410:26-40. PMID: 30205151
Belnacasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicology. 2018 Dec 1:410:26-40. [Abstract]
HUVECs are primed with 1 μg/mL LPS for 2 h, and then pretreated with or without 5 μM VX-765 for 1 h; following by treatment with Acrolein (50 μM) for 24 h. Western blot is performed to determine the expression of cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18.
-
Cell Rep Methods
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages enable broad modeling of human inflammasome signaling. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25:101506. PMID: 42349410 -
J Infect Dis
Role of Histiocyte-Derived frHMGB1 as a Facilitator in Non-Canonical Pyroptosis of Monocytes/Macrophages in Lethal Sepsis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 16;230(2):298-308. PMID: 38243905 -
Cancers (Basel)
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Derivatives as Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Agents via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration and Disruption of Cellular Metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Dec 27;18(1):92. PMID: 41514605 -
Ann Hepatol
VX-765 inhibits pyroptosis and reduces inflammation to prevent acute liver failure by upregulating PPARα expression. [Abstract]2023 May-Jun;28(3):101082. PMID: 36893888 -
FASEB J
Penicillide Triggers Immunogenic Pyroptosis in Tumor Cells via Oxidative Stress/NF-κB/GSDMD Signaling Axis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 31;40(6):e71636. PMID: 41842655 -
Drug Dev Res
Sirtuin 1 Is a Potential Target for the Treatment of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication by Modulating Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Apr;86(2):e70083. PMID: 40198768 -
J Cell Mol Med
Dihydroartemisinin induces ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting ATF4-xCT pathway. [Abstract]2024 Apr;28(8):e18335. PMID: 38652216 -
Drug Dev Res
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside induces pyroptosis by activating caspase-1 to cleave GSDMD in colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2022 Aug;83(5):1152-1166. PMID: 35472101 -
Drug Dev Res
The mechanism of Arhalofenate in alleviating hyperuricemia-Activating PPARγ thereby reducing caspase-1 activity. [Abstract]2020 Nov;81(7):859-866. PMID: 32506648 -
J Inflamm Res
Interleukin 1β Mediates the Pathogenesis of Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Allergic Rhinitis. [Abstract]2024 Nov 19:17:9071-9085. PMID: 39588138 -
Toxicol Sci
Clozapine Induces an Acute Proinflammatory Response That Is Attenuated by Inhibition of Inflammasome Signaling: Implications for Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis. [Abstract]2022 Feb 28;186(1):70-82. PMID: 34935985 -
Front Cell Neurosci
Inhibition of Caspase-1 Ameliorates Ischemia-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Integrity by Suppressing Pyroptosis Activation. [Abstract]2021 Jan 11:14:540669. PMID: 33584203 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
2024 Aug 13:109837. PMID: 39147179 -
Retrovirology
Inhibition of caspase pathways limits CD4+ T cell loss and restores host anti-retroviral function in HIV-1 infected humanized mice with augmented lymphoid tissue. [Abstract]2024 May 2;21(1):8. PMID: 38693565 -
Oncol Rep
Azurocidin 1 inhibits the aberrant proliferation of triple‑negative breast cancer through the regulation of pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Oct;50(4):188. PMID: 37681500 -
Sci Rep
2021 Jun 24;11(1):13208. PMID: 34168183 -
ACS Infect Dis
The Outer Membrane Protein Tp92 of Treponema pallidum Induces BeWo Cells Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress via the Nrf2/keap1 Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19. PMID: 40830074 -
Microbiol Spectr
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Interferon-β Production to Promote Intracellular Survival. [Abstract]2022 Oct 26;10(5):e0155022. PMID: 36190409 -
Neurochem Res
The Role of NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway in Attenuating Pyroptosis by Melatonin Upon Spinal Nerve Ligation Models. [Abstract]2022 Feb;47(2):335-346. PMID: 34515922 -
Chem Res Toxicol
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Quinone Exposure Induces Atherosclerosis Progression via CD36-Mediated Lipid Accumulation, NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, and Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2021 Sep 20;34(9):2125-2134. PMID: 34428026 -
Neurochem Res
A Novel Mechanism of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators Mitigating Radicular Pain: The Negative Interaction with NLRP3 Inflammasome. [Abstract]2020 Aug;45(8):1860-1869. PMID: 32410045 -
Cell Signal
2022 Apr:92:110269. PMID: 35104574 -
Brain Res Bull
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of intraperitoneal melatonin after spinal nerve ligation are mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. [Abstract]2021 Apr:169:156-166. PMID: 33508403 -
Am J Pathol
Caspase-1 Inhibition Ameliorates Photoreceptor Damage Following Retinal Detachment by Inhibiting Microglial Pyroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Jul 18:S0002-9440(24)00242-6. PMID: 39032599 -
Mol Med Rep
Curcumin exerts therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer by inducing pyroptosis through caspase‑1 activation. [Abstract]2025 Dec;32(6):327. PMID: 40999987 -
Exp Cell Res
Pyroptosis inhibitors MCC950 and VX-765 mitigate myocardial injury by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in acute myocardial hypoxia. [Abstract]2024 Apr 30;438(2):114061. PMID: 38692345 -
Metab Brain Dis
Inhibition of caspase-1 ameliorates tauopathy and rescues cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice. [Abstract]2022 Apr;37(4):1197-1205. PMID: 35143023 -
Mol Med Rep
Dimethyl itaconate inhibits LPS‑induced microglia inflammation and inflammasome‑mediated pyroptosis via inducing autophagy and regulating the Nrf‑2/HO‑1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2021 Sep;24(3):672. PMID: 34296312 -
Mol Med Rep
Relationship between the pyroptosis of fibroblast‑like synoviocytes and HMGB1 secretion in knee osteoarthritis. [Abstract]2021 Feb;23(2):97. PMID: 33300062 -
J Diabetes Res
2024 Nov 23:2024:9378405. PMID: 39619569 -
Eur J Med Res
Preparation of VX765 sodium alginate nanogels and evaluation of their therapeutic effect via local injection on myocardial infarction in rats. [Abstract]2024 Mar 12;29(1):169. PMID: 38475920 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
Gossypol induces pyroptosis in mouse macrophages via a non-canonical inflammasome pathway. [Abstract]2016 Feb 1:292:56-64. PMID: 26765310 -
Appl Biochem Biotechnol
Internal Heat Acupuncture Treatment Inhibits Ferroptosis in the Spinal Dorsal Horn in Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson's Disease Rats. [Abstract]2026 Mar 19. PMID: 41854854 -
Chem Biol Drug Des
Paclitaxel may inhibit migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3/caspase-1/Gasdermin E mediated pyroptosis pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jan;103(1):e14325. PMID: 37907334 -
J Cancer
Ophiopogonin B alleviates cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells by inducing Caspase-1/GSDMD dependent pyroptosis. [Abstract]2022 Jan 1;13(2):715-727. PMID: 35069914 -
J Pharm Pharmacol
VX-765 ameliorates inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation by inhibiting the NOX1/ROS/NF-κB pathway in diabetic nephropathy. [Abstract]2022 Mar 3;74(3):377-386. PMID: 34383065 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Integration of network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated mechanism of baicalin in alleviating contrast-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2025 Dec 12. PMID: 41384955 -
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
ALKBH5 Regulates Inflammation and Pyroptosis of Coronary Heart Disease by Targeting SPEN in a YTHDF1-Mediated Manner. [Abstract]2025 Jul 26. PMID: 40715613 -
J Pharm Biomed Anal
Exploring the potential mechanisms of Jinglinzi powder in treating hepatocellular carcinoma based on LC-MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 18:263:116899. PMID: 40286672 -
mSphere
Mammalian orthoreovirus capsid protein σ3 antagonizes RLR-mediated antiviral responses by degrading MAVS. [Abstract]2024 May 17:e0023624. PMID: 38757961 -
J Leukoc Biol
The Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 subverts human NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses. [Abstract]2019 Feb;105(2):401-410. PMID: 30368901
Belnacasan purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Feb;105(2):401-410. [Abstract]
PMA-differentiated CASP4/5-deficient THP-1 cells are primed with 100 ng/mL LPS for 4 h, and are then left uninfected or are infected with S. Typhimurium (MOI 25, log-phase), in the presence of 25 μM VX765 to suppress cell death and cellular release of the ASC speck.
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J Diabetes Investig
VX-765 ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis in diabetes by regulating caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation. [Abstract]2022 Jan;13(1):22-33. PMID: 34494385 -
Mol Immunol
2020 Apr 13;122:28-37. PMID: 32298872 -
Immunol Cell Biol
Compromised NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome function in autoimmune NZB/W F1 mouse macrophages. [Abstract]2019 Jan;97(1):17-28. PMID: 30052286 -
Toxicol Lett
Effect of cypermethrin on thyroid follicular epithelial cell injury via the ROS-NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun:409:121-129. PMID: 40381747 -
Life Sci Alliance
Caspase-1 cleaves Bid to release mitochondrial SMAC and drive secondary necrosis in the absence of GSDMD. [Abstract]2020 Apr 28;3(6):e202000735. PMID: 32345661 -
Front Neurol
2021 Apr 22:12:621555. PMID: 33967935 -
J Cell Biochem
Absent in melanoma 2 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Akt and inflammasome pathways in human colorectal cancer cells. [Abstract]2019 Oct;120(10):17744-17756. PMID: 31210372 -
Immun Inflamm Dis
Kaempferitrin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Through Suppression of the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jan;14(1):e70323. PMID: 41589001 -
Immun Inflamm Dis
Pyroptosis and polarization of macrophages in septic acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. [Abstract]2024 Mar;12(3):e1197. PMID: 38501547 -
J Mol Neurosci
VX-765 Alleviates β-Amyloid Deposition and Secondary Degeneration in the Ipsilateral Hippocampus and Ameliorates Cognitive Decline after Focal Cortical Infarction in Rats. [Abstract]2022 Dec;72(12):2389-2397. PMID: 36441377 -
Exp Eye Res
GSDMD, an executor of pyroptosis, is involved in IL-1β secretion in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. [Abstract]2021 Jan;202:108375. PMID: 33279525 -
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Antagonists Play a Neuroprotective Role in Chronic Alcoholic Hippocampal Injury Related to Pyroptosis Pathway. [Abstract]2020 Aug;44(8):1585-1597. PMID: 32524615 -
Mol Biotechnol
GNB4 Silencing Promotes Pyroptosis to Inhibit the Development of Glioma by Activating cGAS-STING Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun;67(6):2262-2276. PMID: 38814382 -
Arch Virol
Protective effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome against infectious bursal disease virus replication in DF-1 cells. [Abstract]2021 Jul;166(7):1943-1950. PMID: 33982180 -
Lasers Med Sci
5-ALA mediated PDT induces pyroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by targeting the caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;40(1):344. PMID: 40858988 -
Amino Acids
HECTD2 as a target for veratric acid in the regulation of ferroptosis in renal cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Sep 30;56(1):57. PMID: 39343853 -
Exp Ther Med
Tetracaine hydrochloride induces macrophage pyroptosis through caspase‑1/11‑GSDMD signaling pathways. [Abstract]2023 Jul 19;26(3):428. PMID: 37602302 -
Curr Protoc
Defining PANoptosis: Biochemical and Mechanistic Evaluation of Innate Immune Cell Death Activation. [Abstract]2024 Jul;4(7):e1112. PMID: 39073015 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Effects of intracellular iron overload on cell death and identification of potent cell death inhibitors. [Abstract]2018 Sep 3;503(1):297-303. PMID: 29890135 -
Anat Rec
Resibufogenin suppresses growth and metastasis through inducing caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis via ROS-mediated NF-κB suppression in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2021 Feb;304(2):302-312. PMID: 32396707 -
J Med Microbiol
E. coli Nissle 1917 improves gut microbiota composition and serum metabolites to counteract atherosclerosis via the homocitrulline/Caspase 1/NLRP3/GSDMD axis. [Abstract]2024 Dec 26:318:151642. PMID: 39742694 -
Neurol Res
TPEN attenuates neuronal ferroptosis in ischemic brain injury via GPR39-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling activation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 21:1-14. PMID: 41117931 -
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bioRxiv
Multimodal profiling of proinflammatory protease activity identifies caspase-1 as a target for lung cancer interception. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2:2025.07.01.662195. PMID: 40631193 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
VX765 Attenuates Pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF- κ B Pathways to Improve Functional Outcomes in TBI Mice. [Abstract]2020 Apr 15;2020:7879629. PMID: 32377306
溶剤 & 溶解度
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (196.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 1 mg/mL (1.96 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.91 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.91 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (9.82 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 3.33 mg/mL (6.54 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
プロトコル
Enzyme inhibition is assayed by tracking of the rate of hydrolysis of an appropriate substrate labeled with either p-nitroaniline or aminomethyl coumarin (AMC) as follows: ICE/caspase-1, suc-YVAD-p-nitroanilide; caspase-4, Ac-WEHD-AMC; caspase-6, Ac-VEID-AMC; caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9, Ac-DEVD-AMC; and granzyme B, Ac-IEPD-AMC. Enzymes and substrates are incubated in a reaction buffer [10 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.1% (w/v) CHAPS, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 5% (v/v) DMSO] for 10 min at 37°C. Glycerol is added to the buffer at 8% (v/v) for caspase-3, -6, and -9 and granzyme B to improve stability of enzymes. The rate of substrate hydrolysis is monitored using a fluorometer. Assays for cathepsin B and trypsin are performed[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
A total of 2×105 cells/well (100 μL cell suspension) is distributed in triplicate in flat-bottom 96-well plates. Either 50 μL of Belnacasan (40 μM in RPMI 1640 complete medium containing 0.2% DMSO) or vehicle control is added to appropriate wells. Following a 30-min incubation at 37°C, 50 μL of LPS diluted in RPMI 1640 complete medium is added at final concentrations varying from 0.001 to 10 ng/mL. Cells are returned to a 37°C incubator. At 4 h after LPS addition, 75 μL of supernatant is removed from wells, cleared by centrifugation for 5 min at 1500 rpm, and stored at 4°C until assayed. Cells are returned to a 37°C incubator until 24 h after LPS addition, at which time 100 μL of supernatant is removed, cleared by centrifugation, and stored at 4°C. Supernatants are tested using ELISA kits for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-1α[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
Single doses of Belnacasan (10, 21, 43, and 84 mg/kg) in vehicle (25% Cremophor EL in water) are administered via oral gavage. Blood samples (approximately 0.25-0.3 mL) are collected before dose administration and 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after dosing via the retroorbital sinus and processed for plasma. A high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology is used to determine the concentration of Belnacasan and VRT-043198 in plasma samples. Noncompartmental analysis is carried out using WinNonlin Pro, version 4.0.1.
Rats[3]
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280 g) are used. Belnacasan (25, 50, 200 mg/kg) is dissolved in 20% Cremophor and injected ip in rats once a day for 3 consecutive days. On the fourth day, rats receive Belnacasan, 45 min and 10 min before intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid. Respective controls are similarly injected with vehicle before kainic acid.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (282 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Stack JH, et al. IL-converting enzyme/caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 blocks the hypersensitive response to an inflammatory stimulus in monocytes from familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome patients. J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2630-4. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wannamaker W, et al. (S)-1-((S)-2-{[1-(4-amino-3-chloro-phenyl)-methanoyl]-amino}-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid ((2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-amide (VX-765), an orally available selective interleukin (IL)-converting enzyme/caspase-1 inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the release of IL-1beta and IL-18. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 May;321(2):509-16. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ravizza T, et al. Inactivation of caspase-1 in rodent brain: a novel anticonvulsive strategy. Epilepsia. 2006 Jul;47(7):1160-8. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9646 mL | 9.8232 mL | 19.6464 mL | 49.1159 mL |
| DMSO | 5 mM | 0.3929 mL | 1.9646 mL | 3.9293 mL | 9.8232 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1965 mL | 0.9823 mL | 1.9646 mL | 4.9116 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1310 mL | 0.6549 mL | 1.3098 mL | 3.2744 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0982 mL | 0.4912 mL | 0.9823 mL | 2.4558 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0786 mL | 0.3929 mL | 0.7859 mL | 1.9646 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0655 mL | 0.3274 mL | 0.6549 mL | 1.6372 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0491 mL | 0.2456 mL | 0.4912 mL | 1.2279 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0393 mL | 0.1965 mL | 0.3929 mL | 0.9823 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0327 mL | 0.1637 mL | 0.3274 mL | 0.8186 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0246 mL | 0.1228 mL | 0.2456 mL | 0.6139 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0196 mL | 0.0982 mL | 0.1965 mL | 0.4912 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.