BG14

Epigenomic data analysis identifies genome-wide regulatory features that influence gene expression, chromatin state, and phenotype without changing the underlying DNA sequence. In this strategy, the core regulatory layer includes chromatin accessibility, transcription-factor or histone-mark occupancy, DNA methylation, and chromatin-state patterns; these features are measured by sequencing-based assays and interpreted as regulatory elements, promoters, enhancers, repressive domains, methylated cytosines, or candidate phenotype-associated chromatin programs. The literature links epigenomic features to phenotype by showing that functional genomic elements can be mapped across human cell types and tissues, and that integrated epigenomic maps reveal cell-type-specific regulatory programs. ENCODE integrated transcription, chromatin accessibility, transcription-factor occupancy, and histone modification data to annotate functional elements in the human genome, while the Roadmap Epigenomics Co