Methylisothiazolinone
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Methylothiazolinone is a bacterial and fungal inhibitor and preservative, as well as a sensitizer. Methylisothiazolinone can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells to induce apoptosis and inflammatory response. Methylisothiazolinone can promote the development of atopic dermatitis in mice by disrupting Th2/Th17 related immune responses. Methylisothiazolinone can cause mitochondrial damage in the endothelium of rat cerebral blood vessels.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.43%
- CAS No.: 2682-20-4
- Formula: C4H5NOS
- Molecular Weight:115.15
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-W010520R
Methylisothiazolinone (Standard)Bactericide Agent, Preservative Agent -
HY-13568
BenoxaprofenNonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent -
HY-B1790
TerconazoleFungal Inhibitor -
HY-W495759
2,3,4,5-TetrachlorophenolDrug Metabolite -
HY-13568R
Benoxaprofen (Standard)Anti-inflammatory/Antipyretic Compound -
HY-B1790R
Terconazole (Standard)Fungal Inhibitor
Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Methylisothiazolinone (0-8 μg/mL, 24 h) induces cell apoptosis and inflammatory response by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells[1]. Methylisothiazolinone (0-2.5 μg/mL, 1 h) can cause mitochondrial damage in brain endothelial cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells)
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Concentration:0, 2, 4, 8 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Caused a decrease in cell viability to 81.0%, 67.9%, and 35.1% at doses of 2, 4, and 8 μg/mL, respectively.
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Cell Line:bEND.3 cell
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Concentration:0, 1, 2.5 μg/mL CMIT/MIT
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Incubation Time:1 h
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Result:Increased the level of Drp-1 phosphorylated protein and decreased the level of Mfn-1 phosphorylated protein.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male SD rats (230-300 g and 7-8 weeks of age)[2].
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Dosage:0.15 mg/kg
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Administration:Intravenous injection (i.v.); once
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Result:Resulted in mitochondrial damage and a decrease in tight junction proteins.
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Animal Model:Male C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mouse asthma models induced by chemistry (approximately 20 g, 6 weeks old)[3].
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Dosage:20 or 40 μL
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Administration:Handled skin (20 μL), on days 1 and 8; intranasal instillation (40 μL), on day 15
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Result:Induced an increase in T and B cell proliferation in ear lymph nodes, while producing IFN-γ.
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Animal Model:Specific dermatitis (AD) female BALB/c mice established by sensitization of ovalbumin (OVA) epidermis (5 weeks old, n = 5 per group) weighing 16-20 g[4].
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Dosage:0.1875 mg/kg chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT)
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Administration:Epidermal contact; once daily; 15 days
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Result:Augmented the mRNA expression level of T helper (Th) 2-related cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-13), Th2 chemokine (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17) and the population of CD4IL-4 cells in the skin.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2682-20-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 115.15
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Formula C4H5NOS
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
CN1SC=CC1=O
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (868.43 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.71 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.71 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Naïve CD4+ T-cell subset differentiation/polarization
Naïve CD4+ T-cell subset differentiation/polarization is an in vitro assay in which purified naïve CD4+ T cells are activated through TCR and CD28 costimulation and cultured with defined cytokines and neutralizing antibodies to generate Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, or induced Treg-like populations. Differentiation is detected by subset-associated cytokines and transcription factors: IFN-γ/T-bet for Th1, IL-4/GATA3 for Th2, IL-17A/RORγt for Th17, and Foxp3 for induced Treg cells. The assay readout is usually generated by intracellular cytokine staining after restimulation, transcription-factor staining by flow cytometry, ELISA of secreted cytokines, or gene-expression analysis. The result reflects cytokine-directed lineage commitment or polarization rather than antigen-specific immune protection by itself.
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TPA/Croton Oil Ear Edema and Dermatitis
The TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model is a well-established acute cutaneous inflammation system used to evaluate topical anti-inflammatory activity by measuring edema formation, neutrophil infiltration, vascular permeability, and cytokine-mediated skin responses in vivo. The inflammatory response is triggered by topical application of phorbol esters (TPA) or croton oil constituents, leading to rapid activation of protein kinase C signaling, leukocyte recruitment, and increased vascular permeability, which can be quantified by ear thickness, weight, dye extravasation, and biochemical markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and pro-inflammatory mediators in ear tissue homogenates. This model is widely used for screening anti-inflammatory agents, where reductions in edema and inflammatory biomarkers reflect suppression of acute dermal inflammation and immune cell infiltration. Histological evaluation typically confirms epidermal
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (287 KB)
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SDS (788 KB)
- English - EN (788 KB)
- Français - FR (788 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (788 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (788 KB)
- Español - ES (788 KB)
- Swedish - SV (788 KB)
- Italian - IT (788 KB)
- Korean - KR (788 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (788 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Park EJ, et al. Methylisothiazolinone induces apoptotic cell death via matrix metalloproteinase activation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2020 Feb;62:104661. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kim D, et al. Functional and dynamic mitochondrial damage by chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) mixture in brain endothelial cell lines and rat cerebrovascular endothelium. Toxicol Lett. 2022 Aug 1;366:45-57. [Content Brief]
[3]. Devos FC, et al. Methylisothiazolinone: dermal and respiratory immune responses in mice. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jun 15;235(3):179-88. [Content Brief]
[4]. Go HN, et al. Effects of chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) on Th2/Th17-related immune modulation in an atopic dermatitis mouse model. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 5;10(1):4099. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 8.6843 mL | 43.4216 mL | 86.8432 mL | 217.1081 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7369 mL | 8.6843 mL | 17.3686 mL | 43.4216 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8684 mL | 4.3422 mL | 8.6843 mL | 21.7108 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5790 mL | 2.8948 mL | 5.7895 mL | 14.4739 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4342 mL | 2.1711 mL | 4.3422 mL | 10.8554 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3474 mL | 1.7369 mL | 3.4737 mL | 8.6843 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2895 mL | 1.4474 mL | 2.8948 mL | 7.2369 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2171 mL | 1.0855 mL | 2.1711 mL | 5.4277 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1737 mL | 0.8684 mL | 1.7369 mL | 4.3422 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1447 mL | 0.7237 mL | 1.4474 mL | 3.6185 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1086 mL | 0.5428 mL | 1.0855 mL | 2.7139 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0868 mL | 0.4342 mL | 0.8684 mL | 2.1711 mL |
Methylisothiazolinone Related Classifications
HY-W010520 Related Classifications
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