Protegrin-1
Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.96%
- CAS No.: 168831-77-4
- Formula: C88H147N37O19S4
- Molecular Weight:2155.61
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Protegrin-1
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Biological Activity
Description
In Vitro
Protegrin-1 (2.5-12.5 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits dengue NS2B-NS3 serine protease and viral replication in MK2 cells[1].
Protegrin-1 (1-9 μM; 16 h) promotes the migration of IPEC-J2 cells[2].
Protegrin-1 (>100 μM; 24 h) reduces the viability of 661W and PMN cells[3].
Protegrin-1 (0.1-10 μg/mL; 24 h) inhibits porcine ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis from Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress via the PERK/eIF2a/CHOP signaling pathway[5].
Protegrin-1 shows antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM[6].
Protegrin-1 (1.25-20 μM) inhibits LPS-induced activation of RAW macrophages, inhibiting the NO production[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:IPEC-J2
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Concentration:9 μM
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Incubation Time:3 h
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Result:Increased CCL2, COX2, IRF7, NFκB, EGFR, and MCL-1.
In Vivo
Protegrin-1 (5 mg/kg; i.v.; single) reduces the mortality of mice inoculated intravenously with Staphylococcus aureus[7].
Protegrin-1 (10 mg/kg; p.o.) reduces Citrobacter rodentium intestinal infection in mice as evidenced by reduced histopathologic change in the colon, prevention of body weight loss, milder clinical signs of disease[8].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Immunocompetent mice inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus by intraperitoneal injection; mice inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus by intravenous injection; leukopenic mice[7]
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Dosage:0.5 mg/kg (mice inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus by intraperitoneal injection); 5 mg/kg (mice inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus by intravenous injection); 2.5 mg/kg (leukopenic mice)
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) (0.5 mg/kg); Intravenous injection (i.v.) (2.5, 5 mg/kg); single
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Result:Caused 0% to 27% mortality (0.5 mg/kg).
Caused 7% to 33% mortality (5 mg/kg).
Caused 33% mortality (2.5 mg/kg).
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 168831-77-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 2155.61
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Formula C88H147N37O19S4
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
PG1
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Sequence
Arg-Gly-Gly-Arg-Leu-Cys-Tyr-Cys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Phe-Cys-Val-Cys-Val-Gly-Arg-NH2 (Disulfide bridge:Cys6-Cys15;Cys8-Cys13)
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Sequence Shortening
RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR-NH2 (Disulfide bridge:Cys6-Cys15;Cys8-Cys13)
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Publications (2)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Int J Pharm
Combined antimicrobial and pro-healing effects of cathelicidins in a polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffold: treatment of carbapenemase-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections in a porcine model. [Abstract]2026 Jun 25:699:126992. PMID: 42150643 -
Folia Microbiol (Praha)
EDTA enhances antimicrobial activity of PR-39 and Protegrin-1 antimicrobial peptides against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in serum. [Abstract]2026 May 28. PMID: 42207438
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 20 mg/mL (9.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (287 KB)
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SDS (254 KB)
- English - EN (254 KB)
- Français - FR (254 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (254 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (254 KB)
- Español - ES (254 KB)
- Swedish - SV (254 KB)
- Italian - IT (254 KB)
- Korean - KR (254 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (254 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Rothan HA, et al. Protegrin-1 inhibits dengue NS2B-NS3 serine protease and viral replication in MK2 cells. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:251482. [Content Brief]
[2]. Penney J, et al. Protegrin 1 Enhances Innate Cellular Defense via the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Sep 28;8:331. [Content Brief]
[3]. Soundrarajan N, et al. Protegrin-1 cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells positively correlates with the magnitude of conformational changes of the unfolded form upon cell interaction. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 9;9(1):11569. [Content Brief]
[5]. Li X, et al. Protegrin-1 inhibits porcine ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway in vitro. Theriogenology. 2022 Feb;179:117-127. [Content Brief]
[6]. Javed A, et al. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of porcine cathelicidin Protegrin-1. Mol Immunol. 2024 Sep;173:100-109. [Content Brief]
[7]. Steinberg DA, et al. Protegrin-1: a broad-spectrum, rapidly microbicidal peptide with in vivo activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Aug;41(8):1738-42. [Content Brief]
[8]. Osakowicz C, et al. Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Protegrin-1 on Citrobacter rodentium Intestinal Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Aug 31;22(17):9494. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 0.4639 mL | 2.3195 mL | 4.6391 mL | 11.5976 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0928 mL | 0.4639 mL | 0.9278 mL | 2.3195 mL |
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