Guanine
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool. Guanine has cytotoxic, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 73-40-5
- Formula: C5H5N5O
- Molecular Weight:151.13
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Guanine
MoreAll DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Microbial Metabolite |
Fungal Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-431 | IC50 |
>100 μg/mL
Compound: guanine
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Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting
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[PMID: 1666120] |
| CCRF-CEM | IC50 |
64.3 μM
Compound: Guanine
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Cytotoxicity was determined in CEM cells, relative to RVT
Cytotoxicity was determined in CEM cells, relative to RVT
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[PMID: 15081000] |
| Vero | CC50 |
136.5 μM
Compound: R7
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Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
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[PMID: 27933947] |
| Vero | IC50 |
11.5 μM
Compound: R7
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Inhibition of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 Shiga toxin A subunit in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of Stx-induced cytotoxicity pre-treated with compound for 1 hr followed by Stx exposure for 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
Inhibition of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 Shiga toxin A subunit in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of Stx-induced cytotoxicity pre-treated with compound for 1 hr followed by Stx exposure for 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
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[PMID: 27933947] |
| Vero | IC50 |
54.9 μM
Compound: Guanine
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Cytotoxicity was determined in Vero cells, relative to RVT
Cytotoxicity was determined in Vero cells, relative to RVT
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[PMID: 15081000] |
Guanine (1 h) inhibits Shigella dysenteriae type 1 Shiga toxin A subunit in African green monkey Vero cells, with IC50 of 11.5 μM[2].
Guanine (24 h) shows cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells, with CC50 of 136.5 μM[2].
Guanine (10 μM, 16-40 h) partially antagonizes the cytostatic effect of Mycophenolic acid (HY-B0421) on LAN5 cells[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Guanine (200-600 nmol; i.t.) produces A1 adenosine receptor-mediated antinociception against intraplantar glutamate-, Capsaicin (HY-10448)-, and Acetic acid (HY-Y0319)-induced pain in mice, with ID50 values of 107, 84, and 48 nmol and maximal inhibitions of 48%, 58%, and 56%, respectively[4].
Guanine (200-600 nmol; i.t.) produces dose-dependent antinociception against tail-flick test thermal nociception in mice, with peak efficacy at 400 nmol yielding ~78% MPE[4].
Guanine (200-600 nmol; i.t.) dose-dependently increases CSF levels of inosine, xanthine, and uric acid, with a significant increase in AMP at the highest dose[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Swiss albino (male, 3-4 months of age, 30-40 g)[4]
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Dosage:200 nmol; 400 nmol; 600 nmol
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Administration:i.t.
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Result:Produced dose-dependent antinociception with maximal inhibition of 48% (ID50 = 107 nmol), 58% (ID50 = 84 nmol), and 56% (ID50 = 48 nmol); 200-600 nmol elicited significant MPE (56%-78%).
Dose-dependently elevated CSF inosine (200 nmol: 5.12 μM; 400 nmol: 11.43 μM; 600 nmol: 13.60 μM), AMP (600 nmol: 1.49 μM), xanthine (400 nmol: 7.20 μM; 600 nmol: 8.38 μM) and uric acid (200 nmol: 6.85 μM; 400 nmol: 6.57 μM; 600 nmol: 5.54 μM) levels.
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Animal Model:Swiss albino (male, 3-4 months of age, 30-40 g)[4]
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Dosage:600 nmol
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Administration:i.t.
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Result:Significantly reduced the duration of biting behaviour induced by spinal glutamate.
Significantly reduced the duration of biting behaviour induced by spinal AMPA.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 73-40-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 151.13
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Formula C5H5N5O
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1N=C(N)NC2=C1NC=N2
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Talanta
A simple, rapid and sensitive HILIC LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 16 purine metabolites in plasma and urine. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15:267:125171. PMID: 37696233 -
BMC Neurol
Integrative analysis of purine metabolites and gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders after mycophenolate mofetil treatment. [Abstract]2023 Dec 16;23(1):444. PMID: 38102573 -
Solvent & Solubility
0.5 M NaOH : 10 mg/mL (66.17 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 12 with NaOH)
DMSO : 0.15 mg/mL (0.99 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Mojzeš P, et al. Guanine, a high-capacity and rapid-turnover nitrogen reserve in microalgal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Dec 22;117(51):32722-32730. [Content Brief]
[2]. Chauhan V, et al. In Silico Discovery and Validation of Amide Based Small Molecule Targeting the Enzymatic Site of Shiga Toxin. J Med Chem. 2016 Dec 8;59(23):10763-10773. [Content Brief]
[3]. Messina E, et al. Guanine nucleotide depletion triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Int J Cancer. 2004 Mar 1;108(6):812-7. [Content Brief]
[4]. de Oliveira ED, et al. Mechanisms involved in the antinociception induced by spinal administration of inosine or guanine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Feb 5;772:71-82. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 M NaOH | 1 mM | 6.6168 mL | 33.0841 mL | 66.1682 mL | 165.4205 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3234 mL | 6.6168 mL | 13.2336 mL | 33.0841 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6617 mL | 3.3084 mL | 6.6168 mL | 16.5420 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4411 mL | 2.2056 mL | 4.4112 mL | 11.0280 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3308 mL | 1.6542 mL | 3.3084 mL | 8.2710 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2647 mL | 1.3234 mL | 2.6467 mL | 6.6168 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2206 mL | 1.1028 mL | 2.2056 mL | 5.5140 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1654 mL | 0.8271 mL | 1.6542 mL | 4.1355 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1323 mL | 0.6617 mL | 1.3234 mL | 3.3084 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1103 mL | 0.5514 mL | 1.1028 mL | 2.7570 mL |
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