Autophagy Inducer

PF-04691502 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. PF-04691502 binds to human PI3Kα, β, δ, γ and mTOR with K_is of 1.8, 2.1, 1.6, 1.9 and 16 nM, respectively.

Rosuvastatin Sodium is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 11 nM. Rosuvastatin Sodium potently blocks hERG current with an IC₅₀ of 195 nM. Rosuvastatin Sodium reduces the expression of the mature hERG and the interaction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) with the hERG protein. Rosuvastatin Sodium effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein levels.

Isobavachalcone (Corylifolinin) is derived from Psoralea corylifolia Linn. and is a potent inhibitor of Akt signaling pathway, which induces apoptosis in human cancer cells (Inhibits OVCAR-8 cell growth with an IC₅₀ value of 7.92 μM). Isobavachalcone also induces Reactive Oxyen Species (ROS) generation in OVCAR-8 cells and has exhibit cancer anti-promotive and anti-proliferative activity.

Lipoteichoic acid is an orally effect anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Lipoteichoic acid is a crucial immune molecule in Gram-positive bacteria that activates the complement system by inducing C3 and inhibiting CD55. Lipoteichoic acid regulates macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Lipoteichoic acid induces lung damage in mice. Lipoteichoic acid inhibits the production of melanin.

Paclitaxel (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paclitaxel. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy.

Curcumin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Curcumin (HY-N0005). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane), a natural phenolic compound, is a p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. Curcumin is a photosensitizer against microorganisms. Curcumin shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs, and has diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification.

Acitretin (Ro 10-1670) is a second-generation, systemic retinoid that has been used in the treatment of psoriasis. Acitretin also can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.

Kaempferide is an orally active flavonol isolated from Hippophae rhamnoides L. Kaempferide has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective activities. Kaempferide induces apoptosis. Kaempferide promotes osteogenesis through antioxidants and can be used in osteoporosis research.

Flavopiridol Hydrochloride (Alvocidib Hydrochloride) is a broad inhibitor of CDK, competing with ATP to inhibit CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 with IC₅₀s of 30, 170, 100 nM, respectively.

Tetrahydrocurcumin is a Curcuminoid found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) that is produced by the reduction of Curcumin. Tetrahydrocurcumin inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP3A4.

Pirarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotics, acts as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, and is a widely used for treatment of various cancers, in particular, solid tumors.

Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.

Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), one coumarin derivative can be found in plants of the Genus Daphne, is a potent, oral active protein kinase inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 7.67 μM, 9.33 μM and 25.01 μM for EGFR, PKA and PKC in vitro, respectively. Daphnetin triggers ROS-induced cell apoptosis and induces cytoprotective autophagy by modulating the AMPK/Akt/mTOR pathway. Daphnetin has anti-inflammation activitity and inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, ROS, and MDA production. Daphnetin has schizontocidal activity against malaria parasites. Daphnetin can be used for rheumatoid arthritis , cancer and anti-malarian research.

Acetylshikonin is an oral active anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fertility, antibacterial, and neuroprotective agent. Acetylshikonin is a inhibitor of acetylcholinase (AChE) (IC₅₀=34.6 μM) and nonselective cytochrome P450. Acetylshikonin can induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in cancer cells. Acetylshikonin regulates blood glucose, liver fat metabolism, and renal fibrosis, and is used in the study of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy (DN), obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.

Nilotinib monohydrochloride monohydrate is a second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is significantly potent against BCR-ABL, and is active against many BCR-ABL mutants.

RITA is an inhibitor of p53-HDM-2 interaction, binds to p53dN, with a K_d of 1.5 nM, and also induces DNA-DNA cross-links.

OSU-03012 (AR-12; PDK1 inhibitor AR-12) is a blood-brain permeable PDK-1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 5 μM.

Lasalocid (Lasalocid-A) is an antibacterial and anticoccidial agent that can be used as feed additives. Lasalocid exhibits antitumor activity. Lasalocid is orally active.

Ambroxol (NA-872), an active metabolite of the proagent Bromhexine, has potent expectorant effects. Ambroxol is a glucocerebrosidase (GCase) chaperone and increases glucocerebrosidase activity. Ambroxol induces lung autophagy and has the potential for Parkinson disease and neuronopathic Gaucher disease research.