Bacterial Modulator

N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) is a bacterial quorum-sensing signaling molecule produced by P. aeruginosa and strains of the B. cepacia complex.Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone induces the production of IL-8 in 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells.

N-Hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a short-chained N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is also a mediator of bacterial quorum-sensing regulation. N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone promotes lipid accumulation in algae. AHL is an intercellular communication signal molecule in the quorum sensing system of Gram-negative bacteria and a medium for mediating information exchange between eukaryotic plants and prokaryotic bacteria. AHL can affect bacteria activities, such as biofilm formation, pigment synthesis, and antibiotic synthesis.

Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development.

Coronatine is a plant growth regulator that mimicks the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), targets the jasmonic acid receptor COI1, activates the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense responses. Coronatine antagonizes the stomatal closure, induces plant cell necrosis and chlorosis, interfers with plant hormone balance, thereby promoting pathogen infection.

N-3-Hydroxybutyryl-L-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C4-HSL) is an acyl-homoserine lactone, that can be isolated from Vibrionaceae. N-3-Hydroxybutyryl-L-homoserine lactone is a signaling molecule that is involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). N-3-Hydroxybutyryl-L-homoserine lactone senses the density of bacterial population, regulates the cellular process, such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, and exo-enzyme production.

3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of Norepinephrine (HY-13715) with free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid acts as a chemoattractant for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), regulates virulence gene expression and bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in a QseC-dependent manner, and targets EHEC to preferred infection sites. 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid can be used in studies related to oxidative stress and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection.

Pentaglycine (Tetraglycylglycine; NSC 96353) is a bridging structure composed of five glycine residues. Pentaglycine serves as a characteristic peptidoglycan cross-bridge component of staphylococci and a specific substrate for lysostaphin. Pentaglycine maintains the integrity of the peptidoglycan cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus via peptide chain cross-linking and regulates bacterial growth. Pentaglycine expression is downregulated in high-glucose environments, inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Pentaglycine can be applied to studies related to Staphylococcus aureus infection.

N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-Oxo-C10-HSL) is a bacterial signaling molecule with quorum-sensing agonistic activity and competitive antagonistic activity against short-chain AHLs. N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone binds to VanR to form a complex, activates the transcription of the vanI gene, and establishes an autoregulatory loop for its own synthesis. N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone inhibits the synthesis of violacein induced by short-chain AHLs. N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone serves as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for Rhodococcus erythropolis W2 and can be completely degraded. N-(3-Oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone can be used in studies related to bacterial infections.

Calcium propionate (Propionic acid calcium) is a calcium salt of Propionic acid with oral activity, which can be hydrolyzed into propionate and calcium ions. Calcium propionate elevates intracellular ROS levels in tumor cells, depletes GSH, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby induces tumor cell apoptosis. In mouse colitis models, Calcium propionate modulates inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, calprotectin, and Pglyrp3, ameliorating intestinal inflammation and metabolic disorders. In ruminants, Calcium propionate serves as a gluconeogenic precursor, regulating rumen fermentation and microbial diversity; in high-fat diet rats, it alters gut microbiota composition and affects blood biochemical parameters. Calcium propionate is commonly used as a food and feed additive, and is also used in research related to hypocalcemia, dyslipidemia, colitis, and lung cancer.

Dioctyl phthalate-d₄ (DNOP-d₄) is the d₄-labeled Dioctyl phthalate (HY-W013755). Dioctyl phthalate (DNOP) is a plasticizer. Dioctyl phthalate increases the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver, as well as the levels of creatinine and urea in the kidney. Exposure to Dioctyl phthalate disrupts the homeostasis of the intestinal microbial community, increases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and reduces the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. Dioctyl phthalate induces significant and dose-dependent inflammatory responses in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice.

Lactitol monohydrate (D-Lactitol monohydrate) is a non-absorbable disaccharide and Bacterial regulator. Lactitol monohydrate reduces the populations of Bacteroides, Clostridium, coliforms and Eubacterium, while increasing the populations of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. Lactitol monohydrate can be used in the research of portosystemic encephalopathy and chronic constipation.

N-Tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a short-chained N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). Diatoms are frequently found in association with Proteobacteria, many members of which employ cell-to-cell communication via AHLs in aquatic habitats.

Dioctyl phthalate (DNOP) is a plasticizer. Dioctyl phthalate increases the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the liver, as well as the levels of creatinine and urea in the kidney. Exposure to Dioctyl phthalate disrupts the homeostasis of the intestinal microbial community, increases the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, and reduces the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. Dioctyl phthalate induces significant and dose-dependent inflammatory responses in the liver, spleen and kidney of mice.

N-Hexanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone-d₃ (C6-HSL-d₃) is deuterium labeled N-Hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. N-Hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a short-chained N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). Diatoms are frequently found in association with Proteobacteria, many members of which employ cell-to-cell communication via AHLs in aquatic habitats.

Theasinensin C is an orally effective renin inhibitor and gut microbiota modulator, with an IC₅₀ of 40.21 μM against renin activity. Theasinensin C selectively enriches Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota, enhances the Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated hydrolysis of the PTS domain of mucin, drives the accumulation of luminal glutamine and serine, and regulates the gut-kidney-liver glutamine/serine metabolic signaling pathway to promote creatine biosynthesis. Theasinensin C improves cognitive function, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, alleviates neuropathological changes and restores intestinal barrier integrity. Theasinensin C can be used in research related to hypertension and neuroinflammation induced by high-fructose diet.

cis-11-Methyl-2-dodecenoic acid is a quorum sensing (QS) signal that acts as a diffusion signaling factor (DSF) in extracellular microbial and fungal communication systems. DSF is involved in the regulation of virulence and biofilm formation of a variety of bacterial pathogens.

Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 (Bioban-C, meets analytical specification of E282) is a calcium salt of Propionic acid with oral activity, which can be hydrolyzed into propionate and calcium ions. Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 elevates intracellular ROS levels in tumor cells, depletes GSH, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby induces tumor cell apoptosis. In mouse colitis models, Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 modulates inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, calprotectin, and Pglyrp3, ameliorating intestinal inflammation and metabolic disorders. In ruminants, Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 serves as a gluconeogenic precursor, regulating rumen fermentation and microbial diversity; in high-fat diet rats, it alters gut microbiota composition and affects blood biochemical parameters. Calcium propionate, meets analytical specification of E282 is commonly used as a food and feed additive, and is also used in research related to hypocalcemia, dyslipidemia, colitis, and lung cancer.

Calcium propionate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard (Bioban-C (Pharmaceutical primary standard, USP)) is a calcium salt of Propionic acid with oral activity, which can be hydrolyzed into propionate and calcium ions. Calcium propionate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard elevates intracellular ROS levels in tumor cells, depletes GSH, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby induces tumor cell apoptosis. In mouse colitis models, Calcium propionate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard modulates inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, calprotectin, and Pglyrp3, ameliorating intestinal inflammation and metabolic disorders. In ruminants, Calcium propionate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard serves as a gluconeogenic precursor, regulating rumen fermentation and microbial diversity; in high-fat diet rats, it alters gut microbiota composition and affects blood biochemical parameters. Calcium propionate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard is commonly used as a food and feed additive, and is also used in research related to hypocalcemia, dyslipidemia, colitis, and lung cancer.

3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (HY-113474). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of Norepinephrine (HY-13715) with free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid acts as a chemoattractant for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), regulates virulence gene expression and bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in a QseC-dependent manner, and targets EHEC to preferred infection sites. 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid can be used in studies related to oxidative stress and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection.

rac 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic Acid-d₃ is the deuterated-labeled 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (HY-113474). 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid is a metabolite of Norepinephrine (HY-13715) with free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid acts as a chemoattractant for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), regulates virulence gene expression and bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in a QseC-dependent manner, and targets EHEC to preferred infection sites. 3,4‑Dihydroxymandelic acid can be used in studies related to oxidative stress and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection.