2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-167628
    Metamizole hemimagnesium
    		Inhibitor
    Metamizole (Dipyrone) hemimagnesium is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with the property of reducing body temperature. Metamizole hemimagnesium can decrease the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). It is also an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Metamizole hemimagnesium can inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. It can be used in the research of inflammation and fever.
    Metamizole hemimagnesium
  • HY-N6966R
    Ethyl Caffeate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ethyl Caffeate is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Bidens pilosa. Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-κB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in vitro or in mouse skin.
    Ethyl Caffeate (Standard)
  • HY-175637
    COX-2-IN-57
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-57 is an orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.02 μM. COX-2-IN-57 reduces MyD88 expression and decreases serum levels of COX-2, PGE2, and COX-1 in Cisplatin (HY-17394)/radiation-induced neuropathy rat model. COX-2-IN-57 demonstrates superior antinociceptive efficacy in hot plate, cold allodynia, and Randall-Selitto tests, along with hepato-/renal protection. COX-2-IN-57 can be used for the study of inflammation.
    COX-2-IN-57
  • HY-101840R
    EIPA (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    EIPA (Standard) is the analytical standard of EIPA. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. EIPA (L593754) is an orally active TRPP3 channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.5 μM. EIPA also enhances autophagy by inhibiting Na+/H+-exchanger 3 (NHE3). EIPA inhibits macropinocytosis as well. EIPA can be used in the research of inflammation and cancers, such as gastric cancer, colon carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma.
    EIPA (Standard)
  • HY-B0634R
    Aceclofenac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Aceclofenac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aceclofenac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aceclofenac is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID), with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aceclofenac is used for the research of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis.
    Aceclofenac (Standard)
  • HY-76251S3
    Etodolac-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Etodolac-d4 (AY-24236-d4) is deuterium labeled Etodolac. Etodolac (AY-24236) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that is a non-selective inhibitor of COX (IC50=53.5 nM)
    Etodolac-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-17357R
    Nepafenac (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nepafenac (AHR 9434; AL 6515) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nepafenac (HY-17357). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nepafenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is a topically administered COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.12 μM. Nepafenac exhibits only weak COX-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 64.3 μM). Nepafenac possesses unique prodrug properties, which enable it to rapidly convert into the active metabolite Amfenac (HY-17479) in the ocular tissues, thereby achieving high concentrations in the retina and choroid. Nepafenac reduces inflammation and pain by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and thereby decreasing the production of prostaglandin PGE₂. Nepafenac can delay the metastasis of uveal melanoma (UM) in rabbit eyes. Nepafenac is mainly used for pain management and inflammation control after ophthalmic surgeries.
    Nepafenac (Standard)
  • HY-114911R
    Feprazone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity.
    Feprazone (Standard)
  • HY-119647R
    PPOH (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    PPOH (Standard) is the analytical standard of PPOH. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PPOH, a fatty acid derivative, is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that inhibits arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase activity in renal cortical microsomes. In addition, PPOH acts on CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 with the IC50 values of 22 μM and 6.5 μM, respectively. PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    PPOH (Standard)
  • HY-121046S
    Flunixin-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Flunixin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Flunixin. Flunixin Meglumine is a potent inhibitor of COX used as analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity.
    Flunixin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-100438R
    Hydronidone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hydronidone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydronidone (HY-100438). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydronidone is an orally active pyridine derivative. Hydronidone is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) as well as TGF-β. Hydronidone induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Hydronidone can be used for liver fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer study.
    Hydronidone (Standard)
  • HY-17474AR
    Parecoxib Sodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Parecoxib (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Parecoxib (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Parecoxib Sodium (SC 69124A) is a highly selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, the proagent of Valdecoxib (HY-15762). Parecoxib Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Parecoxib Sodium can be used for the relief of acute postoperative pain and symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in vivo.
    Parecoxib Sodium (Standard)
  • HY-169281
    Antiviral agent 61
    		Inhibitor
    Antiviral agent 61 (compound Z40) is a potent antiviral agent. Antiviral agent 61 shows anti tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) activity with an EC50 value of 252 μg/mL. Antiviral agent 61 increases the RNA expression of Ndufb9，COX6B，7.1.2.2，E，COX5B，Ndufs4，and SDHB，decreases the RNA expression of Ndufb7，Ndufa5，and G.
    Antiviral agent 61
  • HY-13507R
    Lumiracoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lumiracoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lumiracoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lumiracoxib is a potent,selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.06 μM. Lumiracoxib acts as a nonselective NSAID with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Lumiracoxib can be used for osteoarthritis and bone cancer research.
    Lumiracoxib (Standard)
  • HY-B2158R
    Chlorotrianisene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Chlorotrianisene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Chlorotrianisene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Chlorotrianisene is a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and an orally active estrogen receptor modulator. Chlorotrianisene exhibits antiestrogenic activity. Chlorotrianisene potently inhibits the enzyme COX-1 and inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood.
    Chlorotrianisene (Standard)
  • HY-106579R
    Tiaprofenic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tiaprofenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tiaprofenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tiaprofenic acid is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic potency. Tiaprofenic acid inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by suppressing cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Tiaprofenic acid can be used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
    Tiaprofenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-107416R
    RHC 80267 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    RHC 80267 (Standard) is the analytical standard of RHC 80267 (HY-107416). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. RHC 80267 (U-57908) is a potent and selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) (with IC50 of 4 μM in canine platelets). RHC-80267 inhibits cholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 4 μM, thereby enhancing the relaxation evoked by acetylcholine. RHC 80267 also inhibits COX and the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC).
    RHC 80267 (Standard)
  • HY-173388
    TLR4-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    TLR4-IN-2 (Compound Racemic-11k) is inhibitors of TLR4, JNK, and NF-κB. TLR4-IN-2 inhibits NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 23.2 µM. TLR4-IN-2 exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting TLR4 expression, reducing JNK phosphorylation, thereby suppressing the activation of NF-κB, blocking the transcription of inflammation-related genes, reducing the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE 2, and TNF-α. TLR4-IN-2 is promising for research of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and various inflammatory disorders.
    TLR4-IN-2
  • HY-N2176R
    S-(+)-Marmesin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    S-(+)-Marmesin (Standard) is the analytical standard of S-(+)-Marmesin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. S-(+)-Marmesin is a natural coumarin, exhibiting COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity.
    S-(+)-Marmesin (Standard)
  • HY-N0022R
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside Standard regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside Standard exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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