PPAR
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating gene expression. There are three main isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, each with distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. PPARα is primarily expressed in liver, heart, and muscle, where it regulates fatty acid oxidation and lipid metabolism[1]. PPARβ/δ is widely expressed and involved in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and inflammation modulation[1]. PPARγ is highly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a central role in adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid storage[2].
References:
- [1]. Man versus microbe. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. doi: 10.1038/nm1149. PMID: 15577933; PMCID: PMC7096048. et al. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12 Suppl):S69. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Kiros M, et al. Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis. Virol J. 2023 Oct 25;20(1):243. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Brent J, et al. Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Methylpyrazole for Toxic Alcohols Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 18;340(11):832-8. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Liu Y, et al. Neuron-mediated generation of regulatory T cells from encephalitogenic T cells suppresses EAE. Nat Med. 2006 May;12(5):518-25. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Paranjape AN, et al. Introduction of SV40ER and hTERT into mammospheres generates breast cancer cells with stem cell properties. Oncogene. 2012 Apr 12;31(15):1896-909. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Iancu-Rubin C, et al. Whirling Platelets Away for Transfusion. Cell. 2018 Jul 26;174(3):503-504. [Content Brief]
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PPAR Related Products (400)
Related Products (400)
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YM440
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-117597CAS No.: 163300-58-1YM440 is an orally active oxadiazolidinedione analog. YM440 ameliorates hyperglycemia without changing PPARy activity, adipocyte differentiation, or fat weight. YM440 is used in the study for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
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PPARγ agonist 20
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-178447PPARγ agonist 20 is a potent, orally active PPAR-γ agonist. PPARγ agonist 20 effectively increases antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH) and reduces lipid peroxidation. PPARγ agonist 20 can upregulate of Pparg, Glut4, and AdipoQ, suppresses of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65. PPARγ agonist 20 significantly lowers fasting blood glucose, improving glucose tolerance, and restoring metabolic balance in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-Nicotinamide (HY-B0150)-induced diabetic rats. PPARγ agonist 20 can be used for the study of type 2 diabetes.
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Anandamide-15N
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10863S2Purity: 99.78%Synonyms: AEA-15NN; Arachidonoyl ethanolamide-15NNAnandamide-15N (AEA-15N) is the 15N-labeled Anandamide (HY-10863). Anandamide is an endocannabinoid. Anandamide modulates both neuronal and immune functions through two protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Anandamide can activate numerous other receptors like PPARS, TRPV1, and GPR18/GPR55. Anandamide also has potential anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Anandamide can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ulcerative colitis.
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Ochratoxin A-D4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-108385CAS No.: 1448049-50-0Ochratoxin A-D4 (Phe-OTA-D4) is the deuterium labeled Ochratoxin A. Ochratoxin A is an orally active food-borne mycotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Ochratoxin A is a secondary metabolite of fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen. Ochratoxin A exerts its effects through multiple pathways, including inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration, causing oxidative DNA damage, disrupting the PPAR-γ-CD36 axis, inducing immunosuppression, generating ROS, mediating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, inhibiting glutamate uptake, triggering demyelination and neuroinflammation, inducing DNA hypomethylation, and inhibiting cell proliferation. Ochratoxin A can induce nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, and also exhibits mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.
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PPARγ agonist 6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-146482CAS No.: 2428742-08-7PPARγ agonist 6 (Compound 12) is a potent and selective agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 6 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
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Nor-LY-510929
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-19407CAS No.: 471854-50-9Nor-LY-510929 is a compound whose development in the field of endocrinology and metabolism was stopped in 2005. Its specific active mechanism and application details are not described in detail based on the existing information.
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12-Nitrolinoleate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-171895CAS No.: 774603-05-3Synonyms: 12-Nitro-9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid12-Nitrolinoleate (12-Nitro-9-cis,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid) is an activator for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). 12-Nitrolinoleate is a nitrated form of linoleic acid. 12-Nitrolinoleate can be formed upon exposure to acidified nitrate and found in human red blood cells and plasma. 12-Nitrolinoleate can activate PPARγ-dependent gene expression in MCF-7 cells expressing PPARγ with an EC50 = 0.045 μM. 12-Nitrolinoleate is able to inhibit LPS (HY-D1056)-induced NF-κB transcription in RAW 264.7 cells. 12-Nitrolinoleate can inhibit IL-6, TNF-α and CCL2 induced by LPS.
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Rivoglitazone hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-106181ACAS No.: 299176-11-7Synonyms: R-106056 hydrochlorideRivoglitazone hydrochloride (R-106056 hydrochloride) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist. Rivoglitazone hydrochloride (R-106056 hydrochloride) exerts its anti-diabetic effect by activating PPARγ to regulate the expression of a large number of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Rivoglitazone hydrochloride (R-106056 hydrochloride) can be used to study insulin secretion and insulin resistance in animal models of diabetes.
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MD001
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-139172CAS No.: 2254605-76-8
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BAY-9683
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160188CAS No.: 2891706-83-3BAY-9683 is an orally active covalent PPARG inverse agonist. BAY-9683 can be used in the study of diseases with overactive PPARG, such as luminal bladder cancer.
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(R)-Pioglitazone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-13956CCAS No.: 959687-65-1Synonyms: (R)-U 72107(R)-Pioglitazone ((+)-pioglitazone) is the R enantiomer of Pioglitazone (HY-13956). (R)-Pioglitazone is an orally active and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. (R)-Pioglitazone can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
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Pioglitazone-d4 hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W738533Synonyms: U 72107A-d4; AD 4833-d4Pioglitazone-d4 hydrochloride (U 72107A-d4; AD 4833-d4) is the deuterium labeled Pioglitazone hydrochloride (HY-14601). Pioglitazone hydrochloride is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively.
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Leriglitazone-d4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-117727SCAS No.: 1188263-49-1Synonyms: MIN-102-d4; Hydroxypioglitazone-d4Leriglitazone-d4 (MIN-102-d4; Hydroxypioglitazone-d4) is deuterium labeled Leriglitazone. Leriglitazone is an orally active and a BBB-penetrable PPARγ agonist with an EC50 of 9 μM. Leriglitazone, as a regulator of mitochondrial function, has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Leriglitazone can be used in the study of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Halofenate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-14998CAS No.: 26718-25-2Synonyms: MK 185Halofenate, structurally akin to clofibrate, was evaluated in hypertriglyceridemic patients over 6-week periods in a controlled, double-blind crossover trial. It effectively reduced serum triglycerides by 50%, with minimal impact on serum cholesterol levels. Additionally, it lowered serum uric acid by 30% and exhibited uricosuric effects independent of glomerular filtration rate. Halofenate was associated with a significant increase in plasma thyroxine (T4), accompanied by a decrease in protein-bound iodine and T4 by column. In vitro studies confirmed its ability to displace T4 from thyroid-binding proteins, suggesting a thyroxine-displacing effect, which could influence thyroid function in vivo.
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Fenofibrate (GMP)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17356GCAS No.: 49562-28-9Fenofibrate (GMP) is Fenofibrate (HY-17356) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
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23-epi-26-Deoxyactein (Standard)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-139058RCAS No.: 501938-01-8Synonyms: 27-Deoxyactein (Standard)23-epi-26-Deoxyactein (Standard) is the analytical standard of 23-epi-26-Deoxyactein. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 23-epi-26-Deoxyactein is a natural and orally active anti-obesity and anti-cancer compound.
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D-Arabinose-d2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N0059S4CAS No.: 2419933-20-1D-Arabinose-d2 is the deuterated-labeled D-Arabinose (HY-N0059). D-Arabinose is is an orally active antidepressant and a growth inhibitor of C. elegans (IC50 is 7.5 mM). D-Arabinose can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, selectively interfere with the metabolism of D-ribose and D-fructose, and inhibit the growth of nematodes. D-Arabinose can also inhibit the synthesis of cell biofilm and exert antibacterial activity. D-Arabinose activates the ACSS2-PPARγ/TFEB-CRTC1 axis through the lysosomal AXIN-LKB1-AMPK pathway, inducing CRTC1 transcription, exerts antidepressant-like activity. D-Arabinose is the ring-opened form of the aldopentose D-Arabinose (HY-N7082).
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L-764406
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-121579CAS No.: 227002-04-2L-764406 is a non-thiazolidinedione (TZD)-type PPARg nuclear receptor ligand with high affinity. L-764406 has significant binding ability to PPARg (IC50=70 nM). L-764406 exhibited partial agonist activity and induced expression of the adipocyte-specific gene aP2 in chimeric receptors expressing the PPARg LBD and the corresponding reporter gene, as well as in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, L-764406 showed no activity in cells transfected with chimeric receptors containing PPARa or PPARd LBDs.
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PPARγ agonist 1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-146731CAS No.: 3032632-09-7PPARγ agonist 1 (compound 15) is a potent agonist of PPARγ. PPARγ agonist 1 shows high efficacy to activate hPPARγ without raising a full agonism and probably avoiding adverse effects. PPARγ agonist 1 has the potential for the research of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
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Aluminium clofibrate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B1520CAS No.: 24818-79-9Synonyms: Aluminum clofibrateAluminium clofibrate is an orally active peroxisome proliferator. Aluminium clofibrate increases peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme activities, elevates catalase. Aluminium clofibrate can be used in the research of cancer.
