Cat. No.: HY-100807

Quinolinic acid

7 Cited Publications

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Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Quinolinic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan, is a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) agonist. Quinolinic acid increases glutamate efflux, induces the generation of ROS, activates nitric oxide synthase, produces excessive NO, leading to calcium ion influx and neuronal apoptosis.

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Pureté: 99.97%
CAS No.: 89-00-9
Formule: C₇H₅NO₄
Masse moléculaire:167.12

Stockage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

Quinolinic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 89-00-9

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Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- Induced Disease Models
Chemical Information
Publications (7)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

NMDA Receptor

Microbial Metabolite

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform iGluR :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Endogenous Metabolite :

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NO Synthase :

In Vitro

Quinolinic acid (0-50 mM, 24 h) decreases the percentage of survival cells ranging from 100% at 5 mM to 45.23% at 50 mM in N18D3 cells^[2].
Quinolinic acid (1 mM, 0-0.5 h) rapidly increased [Ca²⁺]i in N18D3 cells, inducing an increase in NO production^[2].
Quinolinic acid (30 mM, 6 h) upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase-9 in N18D3 cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and GSK-3β^[2].
Quinolinic acid (1-10 μM, 24 h) significantly antagonized Ro in hippocampal slices Neuroprotective effects of 61-8048 (HY-12347)^[3].
Quinolinic acid (25-300 μM, 24 h) induced isolated neuronal death in rat brain tissue in a concentration-dependent manner^[3]^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

N18D3 cells
Concentration:

0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Showed a corresponding decrease in the percentage of survival cells ranging from 100% at 5 mM to 45.23% at 50 mM.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

N18D3 cells
Concentration:

30 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Led to nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation in the cells, and the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased.

RT-PCR^[2]

Cell Line:

N18D3 cells
Concentration:

30 mM
Incubation Time:

6 h
Result:

Upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase-9.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

N18D3 cells
Concentration:

30 mM
Incubation Time:

6 h
Result:

Inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and GSK-3β.

Induced Disease Models

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Quinolinic acid (0.2-50 μg per mouse, intracerebroventricular injection; or 300-600 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) causes excitement of movement, clonic convulsions, a decrease in body temperature, and at high doses, severe convulsions and death^[5].

Inducing Huntington's disease^[6]^[7]^[8]

Background

Quinolinic Acid, as an agonist of NMDA receptors (NMDAR), excessively activates excitatory amino acid receptors, causing a large influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The intracellular calcium overload triggers a series of toxic cascades, ultimately leading to neuroexcitatory toxicity and neuroinflammation.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat: Male Wistar rat 300-350 g
Administration method: 240 nmol, dissolved in physiological saline, total volume 1 μL • Injection into the right striatum • Single dose
Mice: C57BL6/J (WT) mice • Female • 10-12 weeks old
Administration method: 30 nmol, dissolved in isotonic saline, total volume 1 μL • Injection into the right striatum • Single dose
Zebrafish: 3-4 month old adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) • Male and female • 450 mg
Administration method: 15 mM, 2.5 μL per fish • Intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) • Single dose<>br

Note

(1) When performing stereotactic injection into the unilateral striatum of mice/rats, the injection speed must be controlled. The injection should be slowly administered within 2 minutes, and a needle should be left in place for 2 minutes after the injection to prevent the drug solution from flowing back along the needle path.
(2) After anesthetizing zebrafish with cold water, they are fixed on a sponge bed. The needle is inserted vertically into the right cerebral hemisphere (about 3 mm deep), and then the fish is returned to the aquarium to recover after the injection.

Modeling Indicators

Behavioral changes: Weight loss, motor dysfunction (rotating rod test, balance beam test), and impaired cognitive function.
Molecular changes: Lipid peroxidation products (MDA), nitrite (metabolites), pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB, increased reactive oxygen species, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Catalase) and reduced glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial dysfunction, etc.
Histological analysis: A large number of apoptotic cells (nuclear pyknosis) and vacuolation were observed in the striatum.

Opposite Product(s): Ro 61-8048 (HY-12347)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 89-00-9
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 167.12
Formule C₇H₅NO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(C1=NC=CC=C1C(O)=O)O
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Pyridine Alkaloids
Initial Source
- Microorganisms
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Stockage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Publications (7)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayFlow CytometryWB2D/3D Cell Culture and Differentiation

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Cell Metab

Catenibacteriummitsuokai promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis by binding to hepatocytes and generating quinolinic acid. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 7;37(10):1998-2013.e7. PMID: 41005296

Quinolinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2025 Oct 7;37(10):1998-2013.e7. [Abstract]

Human HCC (PLC5 and Huh7) cell growth was promoted by Quinolinic acid (QA).

Quinolinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2025 Oct 7;37(10):1998-2013.e7. [Abstract]

Quinolinic acid (QA, 24 h) suppressed HCC cell apoptosis.

Quinolinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2025 Oct 7;37(10):1998-2013.e7. [Abstract]

Quinolinic acid (QA) decreased HCC cell apoptosis by downregulation of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved PARP expression.

Quinolinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2025 Oct 7;37(10):1998-2013.e7. [Abstract]

Quinolinic acid (QA) promoted the growth of primary HCC organoids.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Cell Type-Specific Modulation of Acute Itch Processing in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;11(43):e2403445. PMID: 39316379
Cell Rep

Nociceptor-derived Reg3γ prevents endotoxic death by targeting kynurenine pathway in microglia. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 8;38(10):110462. PMID: 35263589
Commun Biol

De novo NAD+ synthesis is ineffective for NAD+ supply in axenically cultured Caenorhabditis elegans. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 2;8(1):545. PMID: 40175694
Int J Tryptophan Res

Accumulation of Quinolinic Acid Modulates the Pulmonary Immune Response During Influenza Infection. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 23:19:11786469261423809. PMID: 41743581
ACS Chem Neurosci

UPF 648, a Selective KMO Inhibitor, Attenuates Psychomotor and Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 5;16(5):908-919. PMID: 39961731

Quinolinic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Mar 5;16(5):908-919. [Abstract]

Quinolinic acid (QA, 200 nM) reduced BDNF levels in N2A cells.
Metabolites

Metabolic Alterations in NADSYN1-Deficient Cells. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 12;13(12):1196. PMID: 38132878

Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (199.44 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 3.33 mg/mL (19.93 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.9837 mL

29.9186 mL

59.8372 mL

5 mM

1.1967 mL

5.9837 mL

11.9674 mL

10 mM

0.5984 mL

2.9919 mL

5.9837 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 9.09 mg/mL (54.39 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Fiche technique (291 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. Heyes MP, et al. Quinolinic acid and kynurenine pathway metabolism in inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological disease. Brain. 1992 Oct;115 ( Pt 5):1249-73. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jang S, et al. Neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate against quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxicity via PI3K pathway and NO inhibition. Brain Res. 2010 Feb 8;1313:25-33. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sugisawa E, et al. Nociceptor-derived Reg3γ prevents endotoxic death by targeting kynurenine pathway in microglia. Cell Rep. 2022 Mar 8;38(10):110462. [Content Brief]

[4]. Lisak RP, et al. Melanocortin receptor agonist ACTH 1-39 protects rat forebrain neurons from apoptotic, excitotoxic and inflammation-related damage. Exp Neurol. 2015 Nov;273:161-7. [Content Brief]

[5]. Lapin IP. Stimulant and convulsive effects of kynurenines injected into brain ventricles in mice. J Neural Transm. 1978;42(1):37-43. [Content Brief]

[6]. Bains M, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid and vanillic acid against quinolinic acid-induced rat model of Huntington's disease by targeting IKK-NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Nov 5;934:175316. [Content Brief]

[7]. Goel F, et al. Protective effects of diacerein against quinolinic acid-induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in adult zebrafish by targeting GSK-3β signalling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Aug;398(8):10799-10821. [Content Brief]

[8]. Martínez-Gopar PE, et al. Mast cells and histamine are involved in the neuronal damage observed in a quinolinic acid-induced model of Huntington's disease. J Neurochem. 2022 Jan;160(2):256-270. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	5.9837 mL	29.9186 mL	59.8372 mL	149.5931 mL
	5 mM	1.1967 mL	5.9837 mL	11.9674 mL	29.9186 mL
	10 mM	0.5984 mL	2.9919 mL	5.9837 mL	14.9593 mL
	15 mM	0.3989 mL	1.9946 mL	3.9891 mL	9.9729 mL
DMSO	20 mM	0.2992 mL	1.4959 mL	2.9919 mL	7.4797 mL
	25 mM	0.2393 mL	1.1967 mL	2.3935 mL	5.9837 mL
	30 mM	0.1995 mL	0.9973 mL	1.9946 mL	4.9864 mL
	40 mM	0.1496 mL	0.7480 mL	1.4959 mL	3.7398 mL
	50 mM	0.1197 mL	0.5984 mL	1.1967 mL	2.9919 mL
	60 mM	0.0997 mL	0.4986 mL	0.9973 mL	2.4932 mL
	80 mM	0.0748 mL	0.3740 mL	0.7480 mL	1.8699 mL
	100 mM	0.0598 mL	0.2992 mL	0.5984 mL	1.4959 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Keywords

Quinolinic acid

7 Cited Publications

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Quinolinic acid

Apoptosis Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Quinolinic acid

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform iGluR

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform Endogenous Metabolite

Voir tous les produits spécifiques à Isoform NO Synthase

Activité biologique

Chemical Information

Publications (7)

Solvant et solubilité

Pureté et documentation

Références

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Quinolinic acid Related Classifications

HY-100807 Related Classifications