Skimmianine
Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Skimmianine is an orally active furoquiniline alkaloid present mainly in the Rutaceae family. Skimmianine has analgesic, antispastic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Skimmianine inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50 = 8.6 μg/mL). Skimmianine exhibits cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cell lines and genotoxicity. Skimmianine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Skimmianine exerts anti-inflammatory effects through activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. Skimmianine is neuroprotective by targeting the NF-κB activation pathway to prevent neuroinflammation. Skimmianine inhibits the release of histamine, intracellular Ca2+ signaling and protein kinase C signaling.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.93%
- CAS No.: 83-95-4
- Formula: C14H13NO4
- Molecular Weight:259.26
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Skimmianine
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[4]|
AChE 8.6 μg/mL (IC50) |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2780 | IC50 |
4.2 μg/mL
Compound: 7
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Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells
Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells
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[PMID: 12713408] |
| A549 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 8
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Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by SRB assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by SRB assay
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[PMID: 18950230] |
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
13.24 μM
Compound: 18
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Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation
Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation
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[PMID: 18211005] |
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
19.15 μM
Compound: 18
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Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced elastase release
Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced elastase release
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[PMID: 18211005] |
| Neutrophil | IC50 |
35.5 μM
Compound: 8
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Immunomodulatory activity in polymorphoneutrophils assessed as inhibition of luminol-induced oxidative burst by chemiluminescence assay
Immunomodulatory activity in polymorphoneutrophils assessed as inhibition of luminol-induced oxidative burst by chemiluminescence assay
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[PMID: 18950230] |
In Vitro
In Vivo
Skimmianine (40 mg/kg, p.o., single dose) leads to a reduction in MDA levels and an increase in SOD and CAT activities in female Wistar albino rats[2].
Skimmianine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) results in 82% edema inhibition with 5 mg/kg dose where 5 mg/kg is the minimal concentration for maximal edema inhibition in male Wistar rats[3].
Skimmianine (5 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of PGE2 compared to the Carrageenan (Carr) (HY-125474) and a non-significant decrease compared to the Diclofenac (Dic) (HY-15036) group of male Wistar rats[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:24 female Wistar albino rats[2]
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Dosage:40 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.) single dose
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Result:Significantly downregulated the expression of IBA-1 in cerebral tissues.
Downregulated the expression of IL-6 in cells in both white and gray matter.
Prevented the activation of NF-κB in neurons and glial cells, lowering NF-κB expression.
Significantly decreases NF-κB immune reactivity in cerebral tissues.
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Animal Model:Adult male Wistar rats (140-160 g)[3]
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Dosage:5 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) single dose
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Result:Showed a significant decrease when Skimmianine used as a pre-treatment.
Showed a significant decrease in the level of TBARS when combined with Carr compared to Carr alone.
Showed a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels when combined with Carr.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 83-95-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 259.26
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Formula C14H13NO4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
COC1=C2N=C(OC=C3)C3=C(OC)C2=CC=C1OC
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (4)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Antioxidants (Basel)
Skimmianine Pretreatment Attenuates Cerebellar Neuroinflammation and Myelin Injury Following Experimental Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. [Abstract]2026 Jun 11;15(6):743. PMID: 42352049 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
Skimmianine Modulates Tumor Proliferation and Immune Dynamics in Breast Cancer by Targeting PCNA and TNF-α. [Abstract]2025 May 20;18(5):756. PMID: 40430573 -
Curr Issues Mol Biol
2024 Jul 12;46(7):7373-7385. PMID: 39057078 -
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (128.56 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.64 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Ca2+ Staining Technique
Ca2+ staining is an experimental technique that utilizes specific fluorescent probes (such as Fluo-4 AM, Fura-2, etc.) to qualitatively or quantitatively detect dynamic changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations; this is achieved by monitoring the changes in fluorescent signals generated when these probes bind to free intracellular calcium ions. The underlying principle relies primarily on the presence of chelating groups within the probe's molecular structure that possess high affinity for calcium ions.
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Research Protocol for Neurological Diseases
PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway is a mitochondrial quality-control signaling axis in which mitochondrial depolarization stabilizes PINK1 on damaged mitochondria, activates Parkin recruitment and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, promotes ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins, recruits selective autophagy adaptors, and drives lysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria. In neurological disease research, this pathway is experimentally important because neurons, especially dopaminergic neurons, are highly dependent on mitochondrial integrity, and defective mitochondrial turnover can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired neuronal survival, α-synuclein accumulation, and neuroinflammatory damage-associated signals. The genetic disease link is strongest in Parkinson’s disease because mutations in PRKN/parkin cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, mutations in PINK1 cause hereditary early-onset Parkinson’s disease, and Drosophila studie
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Genotoxicity/Mutagenicity Study
The bacterial reverse mutation assay detects point mutations that restore amino-acid prototrophy in auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli tester strains; after exposure to a test article, mutagenic activity is read out as an increased number of revertant colonies on minimal agar compared with the vehicle control. The assay uses tester strains with different mutation targets so that base-substitution and frameshift mutagens can be detected, and testing is performed with and without exogenous mammalian metabolic activation because some chemicals require biotransformation to become mutagenic.
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Huang A, et al. Metabolic Profile of Skimmianine in Rats Determined by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules. 2017 Mar 23;22(4). [Content Brief]
[2]. Ayaz, H., et al., (2024). Skimmianine Showed Neuroprotection against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Current issues in molecular biology, 46(7), 7373–7385. [Content Brief]
[3]. Ratheesh, M., et al., (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of quinoline alkaloid skimmianine isolated from Ruta graveolens L. Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 62(4), 367–376. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.8571 mL | 19.2857 mL | 38.5713 mL | 96.4283 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7714 mL | 3.8571 mL | 7.7143 mL | 19.2857 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3857 mL | 1.9286 mL | 3.8571 mL | 9.6428 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2571 mL | 1.2857 mL | 2.5714 mL | 6.4286 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1929 mL | 0.9643 mL | 1.9286 mL | 4.8214 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1543 mL | 0.7714 mL | 1.5429 mL | 3.8571 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1286 mL | 0.6429 mL | 1.2857 mL | 3.2143 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0964 mL | 0.4821 mL | 0.9643 mL | 2.4107 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0771 mL | 0.3857 mL | 0.7714 mL | 1.9286 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0643 mL | 0.3214 mL | 0.6429 mL | 1.6071 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0482 mL | 0.2411 mL | 0.4821 mL | 1.2054 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0386 mL | 0.1929 mL | 0.3857 mL | 0.9643 mL |
Skimmianine Related Classifications
HY-N2081 Related Classifications
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