Animals

Pexiganan (MSI 78) is an orally active antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum bactericidal. Pexiganan disrupts bacterial cell membranes, induces peptidoglycan damage and cell lysis. Pexiganan TFA can be used for the research of bacterial infection.

Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation.

Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is an orally active trihydroxylated bile acid and a competitive, reversible FXR antagonist (IC₅₀=40 μM). Tauro-β-muricholic acid inhibits bile acid-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, while simultaneously inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling, affecting bile acid synthesis, hepatic lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Accumulation of tauro-β-muricholic acid disrupts metabolic homeostasis, promoting cancer stem cell proliferation and tumor progression. The mechanisms of tauro-β-muricholic acid involve two aspects: first, inhibiting the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to mitochondria and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and second, blocking the FXR signaling pathway to regulate bile acid metabolism, reduce serum ceramide production, and downregulate the hepatic SREBP1C/CIDEA pathway. Tauro-β-muricholic acid possesses anti-hepatocyte apoptosis, bile acid homeostasis regulation, and liver fat accumulation reduction properties, and also functions as a biomarker, making it useful in the study of diseases such as bile acid metabolism disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, colorectal cancer, and liver fibrosis.

Bombykol is an insect sex pheromone and a sex attractant produced by female Bombyx mandarina.

Canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid with various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor properties.

Nordeoxycholic acid (3α,12α-Dihydroxynorcholanic acid) is an orally active hydrophobic bile acid metabolite. Nordeoxycholic acid inhibits autophagic flux, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and causes hepatocyte injury. Nordeoxycholic acid impairs intestinal barrier integrity in mice. Nordeoxycholic acid can be used in the research of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) sodium salt is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid sodium salt also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid sodium salt improves cognitive response and cardiovascular function.

Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) is a deacylated form of glucosylceramide with neurotoxicity and is also a noncompetitively inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase with a K_i value of 30 μM. Glucosylsphingosine is promising for research of Krabbe and Gaucher disease.

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is an oligosaccharide that could be derived from human milk. 2'-Fucosyllactose regulates the expression of CD14, alleviates colitis and regulates the gut microbiome. 2'-Fucosyllactose stimulates T cells to increase IFN-γ production and decreases IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α production of cytokines.

Dermatan sulphate sodium is an oral active glycosaminoglycan and thrombin inactivator with antithrombotic activity. It selectively catalyzes the heparin cofactor II-mediated inactivation of thrombin without interacting with antithrombin III. Dermatan sulphate sodium promotes stem cell differentiation, exhibits high bioavailability, and alleviates pulmonary fibrosis injury induced by Bleomycin (HY-108345). Dermatan sulphate sodium can be used in research related to cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and stem cell differentiation.

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can be used as a plasticizer to impart flexibility to rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate is an oral active endocrine disruptor that can cause ovarian dysfunction in mice. Dimethyl phthalate can also induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cells, thereby affecting blood and red blood cell function in rats.

Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger (Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger) is a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme with high catalytic efficiency towards soluble starch and raw starch. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger hydrolyzes α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in starch and similar substrates, and primarily releases β-glucose molecules from the non-reducing ends. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger participates in glycogen metabolism and is associated with type II glycogen storage disease. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger converts starch into glucose, and is applicable to the industrial production of high-fructose syrup, ethanol and other fermented products.

Bleomycin A5 (Pingyangmycin) is a glycopeptide antibiotic with multiple biological activities, which can be isolated from Streptomyces. Bleomycin A5 exerts cytotoxic effects by binding to Fe²⁺ to form a complex, inducing single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks, and inhibiting DNA replication. Bleomycin A5 inhibits Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and suppresses PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy, ultimately triggering mitochondria-mediated cellular apoptosis. Bleomycin A5 can be used in cancer research.

Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine hydrochloride also is a natural constituent of glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage matrix and synovial fluid, which when administered exogenously, exerts pharmacological effects on osteoarthritic cartilage and chondrocytes.

24-Methylenecholesterol (Ostreasterol) is a regulator targeting acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) with anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. 24-Methylenecholesterol mimics the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF), can extend yeast lifespan through an anti-oxidative stress mechanism, and exhibits neuroprotective activity in PC12 cells. 24-Methylenecholesterol can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activate anti-oxidative stress pathways (such as UTH1, SOD-related genes), and promote synaptic growth.

Didemnin B is a depsipeptide extracted from the marine tunicate Trididemnin cyanophorum. Didemnin B can be used for the research of cancer.

Squalamine (MSI-1256) is an aminosterol compound with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Squalamine makes cells less conducive to certain viral replication by altering the electrostatic interactions in the inner membrane of host cells. Squalamine also has antibacterial and antitumor activities. Squalamine has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Squalamine inhibits tumor-related angiogenesis and the growth of human breast cancer cells. Squalamine restores the function of enteric nervous system in Parkinson^,s disease mouse models.

N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate, a histidine derivative, is a prominent biomolecule in brain, retina and lens of poikilothermic vertebrates. N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate has a role as an animal metabolite.

Royal Jelly Acid ((E)-Queen Bee Acid) is a major fatty acid found in royal jelly with oral bioavailability, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, and neuroregulatory activities. Royal Jelly Acid can be used for research in various fields, including cancer, infections, immune inflammation, and neurological diseases.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of γ-Aminobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain, binding to the ionotropic GABA receptors (GABAA receptors) and metabotropic receptors (GABAB receptors. γ-Aminobutyric acid shows calming effect by blocking specific signals of central nervous system.