Animals

3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is a potent serine-protease and SrLip inhibitor (K_i for SrLip: 26.6 μM). 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin is opened by serine proteases and then undergoes acylation with the enzyme, thereby inhibiting protease activity. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can induce DNA fragmentation and Apoptosis. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin can be used in the research of multiple fields such as tumors, cardiovascular disease and enzyme catalytic mechanisms.

Magainin 2 (Magainin II) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. Magainin 2 displays antibiotic activity against numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Magainin 2 also is active against protozoa. Magainin 2 exerts its cytotoxicity effects by preferential interactions with anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes.

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) is a saturated fatty acid derived from 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which can be isolated from royal jelly. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, anti-malarial, and anti-Leishmania properties, as well as enhancing antigen-specific immune responses. The anti-inflammatory effects of 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid are primarily mediated by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the translation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), which reduces the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory cells. Additionally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid alleviates neuroinflammatory responses through the p53-autophagy pathway and the p53-NLRP3 pathway. Finally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid enhances antigen-specific immune responses by promoting the effective uptake of antigens by microfold cells.

Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFPI) is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), possessing antiviral and antibacterial activity. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can reduce capsid protein VP1 to block virus adsorption, promote CDK2 and reduce cyclin E to recover cell cycle S phase block. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I inhibits ROS production and apoptosis in virus-infected cells. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I can also regulate intestinal microbiota to affect immune system development.

N-acetyldopamine is a sepiapterin reductase inhibitor. N-acetyldopamine is a catecholamine that is used by insects as sclerotizing precursors to harden their cuticle. N-acetyldopamine can attenuate LPS-stimulated TNF-α production and superoxide production in THP-1 cells.

Fibrin is an insoluble protein found in blood that is produced in response to bleeding. As the main component of blood clots, fibrin functions in blood coagulation. Fibrin binds to the integrins ICAM-1, VE-cadherin, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, αvβ3 and α5β1. Fibrin is used in research related to chronic wounds.

Ecdysone (α-Ecdysone), a major steroid hormone in insects and herbs, triggers mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces cellular apoptosis. Ecdysone plays essential roles in coordinating developmental transitions and homeostatic sleep regulation through its active metabolite 20-hydroxyecdysone (Crustecdysone; 20E; HY-N6979).

Ganglioside GM1 is a type of glycosphingolipid, mainly found on the cell membranes of the central nervous system of vertebrates. Ganglioside GM1 exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing excessive activation of NMDAR, activating TrkA and ERK1/2, and inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and autophagy. Ganglioside GM1 can be used in the research of diseases such as traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease.

PDRN (Polydeoxyribonucleotide) is a deoxynucleotide polymer mainly derived from the sperm of rainbow trout or salmon. PDRN inhibits pro-inflammatory factors and promotes VEGF expression via the cAMP-PKA pathway by activating the adenosine A_2A receptor (A_2AR), thereby driving angiogenesis and collagen deposition in fibroblasts. Degradation products of PDRN provide DNA raw materials for proliferating cells through the salvage synthesis pathway, accelerating re-epithelialization. PDRN reduces melanin synthesis and cell apoptosis by upregulating ERK/AKT phosphorylation and inhibiting the activities of MITF and tyrosinase, and resists skin aging by attenuating nuclear autophagy and blocking the interaction between LC3-SIRT1. PDRN is mainly used for wound repair, post-aesthetic surgery recovery and anti-aging research.

Globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) inhibits the growth of fibroblasts, as well as their differentiation into myofibroblasts, and collagen expression. Globotriaosylsphingosine can be used for Fabry disease research.

(Rac)-Juvenile hormone III is a cecropia juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone agonist. (Rac)-Juvenile hormone III induces test insects to retain larval characteristics after the final molt to the adult stage. (Rac)-Juvenile hormone III exhibits juvenile hormone activity in Tenebrio molitor pupae and last-instar nymphs of Oncopeltus fasciatus. (Rac)-Juvenile hormone III possesses morphogenetic activity in insect assays.

3-Fucosyllactose (3-Fucosyl-D-lactose) is one of the major fucosylated oligosaccharides found in human breast milk. 3-Fucosyllactose shows prebiotic, immunomodulator, neonatal brain development, and antimicrobial function.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside) is an enzymatically hydrolyzable β-D-xylopyranoside substrate. The enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside is mediated by the stereochemistry-retaining β-D-xylosidase GSXynB2 via a two-step catalytic process (xylosylation followed by dexylosidation). 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside serves as a substrate for the β-xylosidase of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414, and its enzymatic hydrolysis process is limited by the dexylosidation step.

Margatoxin, an alpha-KTx scorpion toxin, is a high affinity inhibitor of Kv1.3 (K_d=11.7 pM). Margatoxin inhibits the Kv1.2 (K_d=6.4 pM) and Kv1.1 (K_d=4.2 nM). Margatoxin, a 39 amino-acid-long peptide, is isolated from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides margaritatus and widely used in ion channel research.

Squalane, found in certain fish oils (especially shark liver oil), and some vegetable oils, is a saturated derivative of Squalene. Squalane shows anticancer, antioxidant, skin hydrating, and emollient activities.

Turanose is an isomer of Sucrose that naturally exists in honey. Turanose has anti-inflammatory and regulates adipogenesis effect. Turanose has potential for obesity and related chronic diseases research.

Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Telocinobufagin (Telobufotoxin; Telocinobufogenin) is an orally active bufadienolide with potential anti-tumor effects. Telocinobufagin exerts its anti-cancer effects on non-small cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the STAT3, JAK2/STAT3, LARP1-mTOR, PI3K/Akt/Snail and PLK1 pathways, and can also induce tumor cell apoptosis. Telocinobufagin enhances the Th1 immune response and protects against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Telocinobufagin has a strong cardiac-stimulating effect by inhibiting the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, and it can promote renal fibrosis. Telocinobufagin demonstrates non-opioid analgesic effects in various acute pain models.

L-Phenylalanine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Phenylalanine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals.

Nicotinamide riboside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nicotinamide riboside (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].