Akt

Antidiabetic agent 6 (Compound 19) is an antidiabetic Agent. Antidiabetic agent 6 stimulates GLUT4 translocation by activation of the PI3K/AKT-dependent signaling pathway. Antidiabetic agent 6 reduces blood glucose levels in Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-induced diabetic rats.

Sorafenib-¹³C,d₃ (Bay 43-9006-¹³C,d₃) is the ¹³C, deuterated-labeled Sorafenib (HY-10201). Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Ginsenoside C-K (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside C-K. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside C-K, a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2. Ginsenoside C-K exhibits an inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 in human liver microsomes with IC50s of 32.0±3.6 μM and 63.6±4.2 μM, respectively.

YHV98-4 is a selective, blood-brain barrier-permeable Hv1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.7 μM. YHV98-4 reduces ROS production and restores the SHP-1-pAKT signaling pathway. YHV98-4 decreases the spread of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. YHV98-4 alleviates inflammation and produces analgesic effects. YHV98-4 improves cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. YHV98-4 can be used in research related to inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain and Alzheimer's disease.

Pegloxenatide (Polyethylene glycol loxenatide) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA) agonist. Pegloxenatide has various activities such as lowering blood glucose, lowering blood lipids, improving body weight, anti-inflammation, promoting wound healing, protecting the liver, and protecting the heart. Pegloxenatide can be used in the research of type 2 diabetes and its multiple complications.

Pterosin A ((2S)-Pterosin A) is a sesquiterpene compound. Pterosin A is an orally active AMPK activator with anti-diabetic effect. Pterosin A can promote glucose uptake, increase serum insulin, and improve hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Pterosin A can prevent insulin-secreting cells death and reduce ROS production. Pterosin A can be used for the research of metabolic disease, such as diabetes.

Hyaluronic acid, low endotoxin (Hyaluronan, low endotoxin) is a biopolymer composed of repeating disaccharide units containing low levels of endotoxin. Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is synthesized on the plasma membrane. Hyaluronic acid exerts its effects by binding to receptors CD44 and RHAMM. Hyaluronic acid activates PI3K-Akt signaling. Hyaluronic acid also enhances cell invasion and angiogenesis by promoting or stimulating the binding of proteolytic MMP-9 to the cell surface. Elevated hyaluronic acid levels are associated with tumor cell growth, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in digestive system cancers. Hyaluronic acid is involved in tissue remodeling and rapid cell proliferation in several physiological processes, including embryonic morphogenesis and wound healing. Hyaluronic acid can be used as a regulator of cancer-associated lymphangiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid can be used as a drug delivery carrier for sodium butyrate, enhancing its anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines. Hyaluronic acid can lubricate the corneal endothelium. Hyaluronic acid can improve tissue hydration and enhance the resistance of cells to mechanical damage. Hyaluronic acid has been conjugated with antibodies to ensure that the active compound continues to exert its effects at the site of inflammation. Hyaluronic acid can be used in research in the fields of osteoarthritis, ophthalmology, cosmetic dermatology, oncology, and liver diseases.

MARY15 is a pyridinylpiperazine-based derivative of MARY1. MARY15 activates uncoupled mitochondrial respiration and upregulates p-AKT (S473) phosphorylation in renal proximal tubule cells.

STA-013 is a EphB tyrosine kinase inhibitor. STA-013 shows promising potency against EphB1 (IC₅₀ = 0.69 µM), EphB2 (IC₅₀ = 1.73 µM), and EphB4 (IC₅₀ = 1.02 µM) tyrosine kinases. STA-013 results a inhibition of the EphB phosphorylated signal, coupled with increased p-AKT/AKT signaling, to suggest insulin signaling activation. STA-013 inhibits EphB tyrosine kinase by enhancing insulin receptor beta (IRβ) signaling, and decreasing TGF-β levels in the heart. STA-013 can be used for the study of type 2 diabetes and cardiac complications (diabetic cardiomyopathy).

IS20 is a Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) agonist. IS20 diminishes Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) mediated apoptosis and ROS production by activating Akt or MAPK pathways. IS20 protects the heart against Doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity and improves the survival rate and cardiac function in mouse models. IS20 does not alter the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of acute DOX treatment in breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. IS20 can be used for cancers research.

Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-myo-inositol) is an orally active hypoglycemic agent and antioxidant. Sequoyitol can be isolated from herbaceous plants. Sequoyitol downregulates the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1, reduces ROS production and malondialdehyde levels, and enhances total antioxidant capacity. Sequoyitol activates the insulin signaling pathway, including the phosphorylation of IR, IRS1 and Akt. Sequoyitol increases serum insulin levels, inhibits hepatic glucose production, and promotes cellular glucose uptake. Sequoyitol antagonizes TNFα-induced inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway, and decreases blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Sequoyitol elicits potential peaks in the chemosensors of adult and larval Atrophaneura alcinous, and acts as an oviposition stimulant for female Atrophaneura alcinous. Sequoyitol can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic nephropathy.

Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium is a member of the ganglioside family. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium acts as a protective signal against nerve injury-induced spinal synapse elimination. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium induces HA synthesis and the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR in orbital fibroblasts. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium enhances porcine oocyte maturation and induces activation of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium is a putative host cell receptor for the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Ganglioside GT1b (porcine) ammonium can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, immunology, endocrinology and neurological disease, such as Thyroid eye disease.

Q-Peptide is an angiopoietin-1 derived peptide (QHREDGS). Q-Peptide interacts with β1-integrin, binds to integrins on the surface of osteoblasts, and serves as an acyl donor substrate for Streptomyces mobaraensis transglutaminase. Q-Peptide activates Akt, MAPKp42/44, ILK, ERK1/2, and downregulates caspase-3/7. Q-Peptide inhibits cell apoptosis, enhances cell adhesion and migration, and promotes osteoblast differentiation, bone matrix deposition and mineralization. Q-Peptide can be used in studies related to myocardial infarction, bone regeneration, diabetic wound repair and human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Doxycycline-d₃ hyclate (major) is the deuterium labeled Doxycycline hyclate (HY-N0565B). Doxycycline hyclate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hyclate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hyclate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hyclate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hyclate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers.

Nickel(II) oxide (nickel monoxide) is a chemical warfare agent that can enter the body through the respiratory tract and other routes, distributing to organs such as the lungs and testes. The nanoparticle form of nickel(II) oxide (NiO NPs) exhibits antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. NiO NPs can be activated by ultraviolet and visible light, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nickel(II) oxide induces oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species, activating the TGF-β1-mediated MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, disrupting the MMPs/TIMPs balance, and upregulating the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6) and apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, caspase-3, p53), while inhibiting the activity of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2. Nickel(II) oxide induces cytotoxicity, promotes fibrosis, triggers inflammatory responses, and causes apoptosis. Nickel(II) oxide can be applied in research on the safety assessment of nanomaterials, such as in the context of pulmonary fibrosis and reproductive system toxicity.

ZEB85 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TrkB. ZEB85 activates TrkB and its downstream cascades, including the ERK, PLCγ, AKT, MAPK signaling pathways and cFOS expression, and enhances neuronal activity. ZEB85 prevents β-amyloid toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. ZEB85 is applicable to the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Isoprocurcumenol is a guaiane type sesquiterpene, that can be isolated from Curcuma comosa. Isoprocurcumenol can activate EGFR signaling. Isoprocurcumenol increases the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Isoprocurcumenol promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Doxycycline calcium is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline calcium is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline calcium also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline calcium induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline calcium also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline calcium has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers.

Mocravimod (KRP-203 free base) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator that blocks the signal required by T cells to egress from lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs. Mocravimod preferentially binds to S1PR1 over S1PR2 and S1PR3 in cardiomyocytes. Mocravimod significantly lowered the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, boosted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased phosphorylation of AKT, EKR, GSK-3β, JAK2, and STAT3. Mocravimod retains T cell effector function. Mocravimod can be used for the study of acute myelogenous leukemia, diabetes and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (MIRI).

Ginsenoside Rg4 is an orally active protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside. Ginsenoside Rg4 can activate PI3K, AKT and GSK-3β signaling. Ginsenoside Rg4 can inhibit ROS and inflammatory cytokine levels. Ginsenoside Rg4 can be used for the researches of inflammation, infection and metabolic disease, such as sepsis and lung inflammation.