GSK-3 Inhibitor

Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.

GSK-3 inhibitor 3 is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of GSK-3, with IC₅₀s of 0.35 nM and 0.25 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. GSK-3 inhibitor 3 lowers levels of tau protein phosphorylation at S396 in a triple-transgenic mouse Alzheimer’s disease model, with IC₅₀ of 10 nM. GSK-3 inhibitor 3 can be used for neurological disease research.

Bakkenolide A is an anticancer agent. Bakkenolide A reduces the viability of leukemia cells, inhibits cell colony formation and invasion, and downregulates the expression of HDAC3 in cells. Bakkenolide A downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, interleukins such as IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, as well as the expression of PI3K, PDK and PKC in leukemia cells. Bakkenolide A downregulates activated Akt, GSK and Bad, while upregulates Cyto-c, cleaved Caspase3 and cleaved Caspase7, induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in leukemia cells and thereby inhibits inflammatory responses in leukemia cells. Bakkenolide A significantly slows the growth of subcutaneous leukemia tumors in nude mice. Bakkenolide A is applicable to leukemia-related research.

GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) inhibits GSK-3β with an IC₅₀ of 4.19 nM. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy in obese Streptozotocin (HY-13753)-treated rats.

BRD0209 is a potent, selective and dual inhibitor of GSK3α/β inhibitor (GSK3α IC₅₀ = 19 nM; GSK3β IC₅₀ = 5 nM). BRD0209 is also a reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor with fast-off kinetics (K_i = 4.2 nM, respectively). BRD0209 is a tricyclic pyrazolotetrahydroquinolinone compound. BRD0209 has the potential for the research of mood disorder diseases.

Flurochloridone (R-40244) is an orally active herbicide and an inducer of ER stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. Flurochloridone upregulates GRP78 and activates the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 UPR axis, ATF6, CHOP, Bax, and Bim. Flurochloridone decreases Akt, p-Akt, GSK3β, and p-GSK3β levels, and induces ROS, oxidative stress, γ-glutamyl cycle activation, and GSH accumulation. Flurochloridone inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ATP production while enhancing glycolysis and cell viability inhibition. Flurochloridone inhibits spermatogonial proliferation, spermatocyte meiosis, and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces Sertoli cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Flurochloridone non-competitively binds phytoene desaturase, blocking phytoene desaturation and carotenoid synthesis, leading to leaf bleaching and phytotoxicity. Flurochloridone can be used for research on male reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and as a herbicide.

GSK-3β inhibitor 3 is a potent, selective, irreversible and covalent inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β), with an IC₅₀ of 6.6 μM. GSK-3β inhibitor 3 can be used for the research of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

HTH-01-091 is a potent and selective maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 10.5 nM. HTH-01-091 also inhibits PIM1/2/3, RIPK2, DYRK3, smMLCK and CLK2. HTH-01-091 can be uesd for breast cancer research.

GSK3-IN-1 (compound 11) is a GSK-3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 12 μM. GSK3-IN-1 can be used in the research of diabetes.

CHIR 98024 (Compound L) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 0.2566 μM.

GSK3β inhibitor II is an inhibitor of GSK3β. GSK3β inhibitor II can be used for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

ABC1183 is an orally active selective dual GSK3 and CDK9 inhibitor. ABC1183 inhibits GSK3β, GSK3α and CDK9/cyclin T1 with the IC₅₀ values of 657 nM, 327 nM and 321 nM, respectively. ABC1183 has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

GSK3β-IN-2 (Compound S01) is the inhibitor for GSK3β with an IC₅₀ of 0.35 nM. GSK3β-IN-2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promotes neurogenesis and neurite growth. GSK3β-IN-2 inhibits Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396, reduces the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. GSK3β-IN-2 ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease in zebrafish model.

GSK-3 inhibitor 1 (compound core 3) is a GSK-3 inhibitor that induces stem/progenitor cell self-renewal (e.g. induces stem/progenitor cell proliferation while maintaining the ability to differentiate into tissue cells in the progeny).

COB-187 is a potent, ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of GSK-3β. COB-187 inhibits GSK-3 through a reversible and Cysteine (Cys)-199-dependent mechanism. COB-187 inhibits LPS induced cytokine production and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced CXCL10 production.

(E/Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 is a racemic compound of (E)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 and (Z)-GSK-3β inhibitor 1 isomers. GSK-3β inhibitor 1 (compound 3a) is a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor and demonstrates high antidiabetic efficacy, with an IC₅₀ of 4.9 nM.

BIP-135 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 16 nM and 21 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. BIP 135 exhibits neuroprotective effect.

5-Iodo-indirubin-3'-monoxime is a potent GSK-3β, CDK5/P25 and CDK1/cyclin B inhibitor, competing with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of the kinase, with IC₅₀s of 9, 20 and 25 nM, respectively.

L803-mts (Myristoylated L 803) is a selective and substrate-competitive GSK-3 peptide inhibitor (IC₅₀: 40 μM). L803-mts also reduces Aβ deposits and ameliorates cognitive deficits in 5XFAD mice. L803-mts shows antidepressive effect in the forced swimming test.

Nodosin is an orally active diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Isodon serra. Nodosin can inhibit the proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells. Nodosin can also inhibit oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and ferroptosis. Nodosin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.