2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-116778
    Prostaglandin G2
    		Inducer 99.9%
    Prostaglandin G2 is a prostaglandin peroxide. Prostaglandin G2 acts as a precursor for thromboxane A2 production, inducing platelet aggregation and serotonin release. Prostaglandin G2 also induces cerebral arteriole injury in anesthetized cats via the generation of reactive oxygen free radicals, triggering persistent vasodilation, reduced reactivity to hypocapnia, and endothelial damage. Prostaglandin G2 can be used in studies related to cerebral arteriole injury.
    Prostaglandin G2
  • HY-13063
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate
    		99.79%
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate (Sul-F) is a water-sol.
    Sodium formononetin-3'-sulfonate
  • HY-W014901S
    Bisphenol F-13C6
    		Activator 98.32%
    Bisphenol F-13C6 is the 13C labeled Bisphenol F (HY-W014901). Bisphenol F is an orally active endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F promotes ROS generation, upregulates p-AKT/p-GSK3β, and induces Apoptosis. Bisphenol F interferes with glucose metabolism, affects neurodevelopment and reproductive function. Bisphenol F reduces social novelty preference in mouse offspring. Bisphenol F can be used in bone, blood, and fat-related studies. Bisphenol F is used as a substitute for Bisphenol A (HY-18260).
    Bisphenol F-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-W247098
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
    		98.17%
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G (DHR 6G) is the reduced form of Rhodamine 6G, which is used as fluorescent mitochondrial dye. It is nonfluorescent, but it readily enters most of the cells and is oxidized by oxidative species or by cellular redox systems to the fluorescent rhodamine 6G that accumulates in mitochondrial membranes. Dihydrorhodamine 6G is useful for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide.
    Dihydrorhodamine 6G
  • HY-N8407R
    Carminic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Carminic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carminic acid (HY-N8407). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carminic acid is a widely used and orally active natural red pigment that can be used in industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In addition, carminic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Carminic acid (Standard)
  • HY-I0301R
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone is a polyhydroxy (PHA) that is capable of metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activity.
    D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Standard)
  • HY-B0847R
    Propiconazole (Standard)
    		Activator
    Propiconazole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propiconazole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole (Standard)
  • HY-148296
    4-Methoxyestradiol
    		Agonist 98.06%
    4-Methoxyestradiol is methoxylestradiol that induces oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. 4-Methoxyestradiol also elevates ROS and SOD activities in H1355 cells.
    4-Methoxyestradiol
  • HY-W018561
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine
    		Inhibitor 99.30%
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine is an nitrogen-containing anthropogenic organic contaminant. Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine can be used as a high-temperature antioxidant additive in lubricants.
    Bis(4-octylphenyl)amine
  • HY-W112239
    BDPI
    		Inducer
    BDPI is the a BODIPY derivative. BDPI reveals a high O2 quantum yield and exhibits phototoxicity that inhibits HeLa with an IC50 of 0.6 µg/mL. BDPI nanoarticles can be taken up by HeLa, producing fluorescence signals in the cells, and can be used as cell imaging agent. BDPI nanoarticles exhibit antitumor efficacy in mouse models.
    BDPI
  • HY-W015600R
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
    		Activator
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Acetamidophenol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Acetamidophenol (Orthocetamol) is a regulator that targets ferroptosis and glutathione metabolic pathways, is the ortho-regioisomer of Paracetamol (HY-66005). 2-Acetamidophenol has anti-atherosclerotic activity, and inhibiting total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in a zebrafish hyperlipidemia model with IC50s for 30 μM and 40 μM, respectively. 2-Acetamidophenol upregulates the expression of glutathione synthesis-related genes (such as GCLC, GCLM, GSS) and iron ion transport genes (such as FPN1, FTH), reduces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous ions (Fe2+), and enhances the activity of glutathione peroxidase GPX4, thereby inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and foam cell formation.
    2-Acetamidophenol (Standard)
  • HY-B0774R
    Seratrodast (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Seratrodast (Standard) is the analytical standard of Seratrodast. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Seratrodast (AA 2414), an orally active antiasthmatic agent, is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) antagonist and ferroptosis inhibitor. Seratrodast reduces lipid ROS production, modulates the systemic xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis, and inhibits JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression. Seratrodast exhibits anti-asthmatic and anti-epileptic activity.
    Seratrodast (Standard)
  • HY-113308AR
    Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Taurolithocholic acid (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurolithocholic acid (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt is an orally active bile acid and antiviral agent. Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt upregulates FADS2 by activating the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 signaling axis, inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis, viral replication and viral entry of HBV/HDV, while reducing the release of IL-1β, lipid ROS and LDH. While exerting antiviral protective effects, Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt also stimulates the recycling of hepatocellular membrane transporters, impairs canalicular bile acid secretion function, and induces hepatocyte cholestasis, apoptosis and acute hepatocellular injury. Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt serves as an experimental model compound for hepatocellular cholestasis. At concentrations ≤200 μM, Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt shows no cytotoxicity and does not activate the interferon pathway. Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt not only protects mice from lethal SFTSV infection but also is suitable for studies related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and cholestasis.
    Taurolithocholic acid sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-113110R
    Cysteinylglycine (Standard)
    		Activator
    Cysteinylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cysteinylglycine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cysteinylglycine is a dipeptide formed by the peptide bond linkage between cysteine (Cysteine) and glycine (Glycine). Cysteinylglycine is an important metabolic intermediate in the human body, mainly derived from the degradation of glutathione (GSH). Cysteinylglycine reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron, drives the redox cycle of iron, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulates oxidative reactions, induces lipid peroxidation of human plasma LDL lipoproteins, and causes oxidative damage to DNA bases. Cysteinylglycine can be used as a biomarker to evaluate ischemic heart disease, breast cancer and other conditions.
    Cysteinylglycine (Standard)
  • HY-W010253
    Benzylurea
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Benzylurea is an anti-inflammatory agent. Benzylurea inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced upregulation of MTCH2 expression and regulates pathways associated with mitochondrial function, inflammation and cell survival. Benzylurea alleviates LPS-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of periodontal ligament fibroblasts, as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Benzylurea can be used in studies related to periodontitis.
    Benzylurea
  • HY-18258R
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
    		Activator
    Berberine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine chloride is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties.
    Berberine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-N7697D
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and cardioprotective activities. Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride significantly enhances the growth and photosynthesis parameters of wheat seedlings.
    Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride
  • HY-18085S2
    Quercetin-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    Quercetin-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-144876
    RIDR-PI-103
    		Inducer 98.02%
    RIDR-PI-103 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced agent release proagent with a self-cyclizing moiety linked to a pan-PI3K inhibitor (PI-103). Doxorubicin and RIDR-PI-103 shows a synergistic effect in MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-231 cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
    RIDR-PI-103
  • HY-156786
    TLD-1433
    		Activator
    TLD-1433 is the fourth-generation ruthenium (II) based photodynamic compound (PDC). TLD-1433 is activated by green light (525 ± 25 nm) and efficiently generates ROS to achieve pathogen inactivation. After photoinactivation, TLD-1433 significantly induces lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane, which can directly damage the integrity of the viral envelope. TLD-1433 has ID50 for enveloped viruses (such as H1N1 influenza virus, coronavirus OC43, HSV-1, Zika virus) is as low as nanomolar level; for non-enveloped viruses (such as adenovirus Ad5, mammalian rotavirus MRV), a concentration of micro-molar level is required for inactivation. TLD-1433 has antigen retention property and can be used for the preparation of inactivated vaccines.
    TLD-1433
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity