Secosteroids

Formosanin C is a diosgenin saponin with multiple biological activities. Formosanin C possesses multiple anti-tumor mechanisms, including inducing apoptosis and autophagy, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting metastasis and inducing ferroptosis. Formosanin C can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects, and enhance the activity of immune cells. Formosanin C exhibits the inhibiting effect against C. albicans. Formosanin C can be used for the study of anti-inflammation, antifungal anti and anti-cancer (including lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, etc.).

Ercalcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D2) is a vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist with high binding affinity. After binding to VDR, Ercalcitriol forms a complex with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to regulate target gene transcription. For example, Ercalcitriol induces human gingival/oral epithelial cells to produce human cat antimicrobial peptide (hCAP-18/LL-37), which has antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Ercalcitriol enhances the innate immune defense of the oral mucosa by promoting the expression of antimicrobial peptides, and is mainly used in the study of periodontal diseases and immune-related oral diseases.

Maxacalcitol (22-Oxacalcitriol), a vitamin D3 (HY-15398) analog, is an orally active VDR agonist. Maxacalcitol has a limited calcemic effect. Maxacalcitol has the potential for psoriasis and hyperparathyroidism research.

24,25-Dihydroxy VD2 (24,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D2) is a hydroxylated metabolite and derivative of Vitamin D2 HY-76542 (HY-76542).

Tacalcitol (1,24(R)-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1.alpha.,24R-Dihydroxyvitamin D3) can promote normal bone growth by regulating calcium ions. Tacalcitol inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration. Tacalcitol can be used in the research of inflammation, cancer, and skin diseases.

Seocalcitol is a vitamin D analog, binds vitamin D receptor protein from human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells with K_d of 0.27 nM.

Pseudoprotodioscin, a furostanoside, inhibits SREBP1/2 and microRNA 33a/b levels and reduces the gene expression regarding the synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides.

Doxercalciferol is a Vitamin D2 analog, acts as an activator of Vitamin D receptor, and prevent renal disease.

Inecalcitol (TX 522), a unique vitamin D3 analog, is an orally active vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist with a K_d of 0.53 nM. Inecalcitol can induce cell apoptosis and has potent anticancer activities. Inecalcitol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

TEI-9647, a Vitamin D₃ Lactone analogue, is a potent and specific vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonist. TEI-9647 inhibits VDR/VDRE-mediated genomic actions of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. TEI-9647 inhibits bone resorption and HL-60 cell differentiation induced by of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. TEI-9647 has the potential for suppressing the excessive bone resorption and osteoclast formation in Paget's disease.

5β,6β-epoxycholestanol (Cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide; 5β,6β-Epoxycholesterol) is an oxysterol. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces cytotoxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in lymphoma cells undergoing macrophage differentiation. 5β,6β-epoxycholestanol is applicable to research related to atherosclerosis.

Zymostenol (5a-Cholest-8-en-3b-ol) is a late-stage precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Zymostenol is a RORγ agonist (EC₅₀: 1 μM).

Vitamin D4 (22-Dihydroergocalciferol) is a Vitamin D derived from fungi. The precursor of Vitamin D4 is 22,23-dihydroergosterol.

(1S)-Calcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3) is a natural metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25(OH)₂D₃). (1S)-Calcitriol exhibits potent vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions such as inhibition of keratinocyte growth or suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion.

3-O-(2-Aminoethyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is a Vitamin D3 derivative.

TEI-9648, a Vitamin D₃ Lactone analogue, is a potent and specific vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonist. TEI-9648 inhibits VDR/VDRE-mediated genomic actions of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. TEI-9648 also inhibits HL-60 cell differentiation induced by of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. TEI-9648 has the potential for bone metabolism research.

ZK159222, a 25-carboxylic ester analogue of 1α,25-(OH)2D3, is a potent 1α,25-(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) antagonist. The mechanism of ZK159222 antagonistic action is mediated by a lack of ligand-induced vitamin D receptor interaction with coactivators. ZK159222 has a partial agonistic character.

Calcifediol monohydrate (25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 monohydrate), is an effective VDR ligand and VD supplement. Calcifediol is a prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) and is hydroxylated in the liver to produce the active form, calcitriol. Calcifediol can rapidly increase serum VD levels.

5,6-trans-Vitamin D3 (5,6-trans-Cholecalciferol;5,6-trans-Colecalciferol) is a photoproduct of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.

3-epi-Vitamin D3 (Epicholecalciferol) (Compound 4), a Vitamin D3 analogue, is a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 39.2 μM measured in U87MG cells.