Secosteroids

Methyl protodioscin (NSC-698790; Smilax saponin B) is a multi-target, selective, steroidal diglycoside inhibitor with antitumor activity that induces cell cycle arrest. The mechanism of action of Methyl protodioscin is complex, involving the induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest, regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathway, inhibition of the Akt1/c-Myc axis and MAPK/ERK signaling, while simultaneously downregulating ADAM15 and inducing FOXO1 to reduce cholesterol synthesis. It also inhibits the JNK/c-Jun pathway, reducing the production of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α). Methyl protodioscin exhibits significant antitumor (inhibiting proliferation, migration, invasion, and inducing apoptosis), anti-inflammatory, and anti-restenosis activities. Methyl protodioscin can be used in research on lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other tumors, as well as inflammatory diseases such as airway inflammation and enteritis.

(24S)-24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ((24S)-24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol) is an inactive form of vitamin D3 which undergoes various levels of hydroxylation to form active vitamin D3 analogs.

5,6-trans-Vitamin D2 is the isomer of Vitamin D2.

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic analog of vitamin D. Dihydrotachysterol can be used to for the research of hypocalcemia (lack of calcium in the blood) and hypoparathyroidism (lack of parathyroid hormone in the body) .

24R-Calcipotriol (PRI 2202; Impurity D of Calcipotriol), an isomer of Calcipotriol (HY-10001), is a synthetic vitamin D analog. 24R-Calcipotriol exhibits synergistic antiproliferative effects with low-dose cytostatics in in vitro. 24R-Calcipotriol produces tumor growth inhibition when combined with Cyclophosphamide (HY-17420) and Cisplatin (HY-17394) in mice models. 24R-Calcipotriol can increase serum calcium levels and reduce blood leukocyte counts. 24R-Calcipotriol can be used for the research of mammary cancer and Lewis lung cancer.

Falecalcitriol(Fulstan; Hornel) is an analog of calcitriol; has a higher potency both in vivo and in vitro systems, and longer duration of action in vivo.

Lexacalcitol (KH1060), a vitamin D analog, is a potent regulator of cell growth and immune responses. Lexacalcitol can be used for the research of graft rejection, psoriasis, cancer and auto-immune diseases.

5α-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol, a sterol, can be found in hamster cauda epididymal mature spermatozoa.

Zingiberen Newsaponin (Zingiberensis newsaponin) is an orally active type of steroid saponin compound. Zingiberen Newsaponin exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effects by inhibiting autophagy and the AKR1C1/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Zingiberen Newsaponin activates oxidative stress (upregulates ROS and MDA) and mitochondrial pathways, promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Zingiberen Newsaponin alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by decreasing the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits NF-κB. Zingiberen Newsaponin can enhance the activity of SOD, eliminate free radicals and protect nerve cells. Zingiberen Newsaponin induces platelet aggregation.

Hellebrigenin is an inhibitor that selectively targets the MAPK signaling pathway (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, and can inhibit Akt expression and phosphorylation. Hellebrigenin can activate endogenous apoptosis pathways (such as mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, PARP cleavage), downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and upregulate pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak). Hellebrigenin can also induce DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway. Hellebrigenin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and clone formation, and is mainly used in the study of oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers.

25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25,26-Dihydroxycholecalciferol) is a dihydroxylated derivative and metabolite of Vitamin D3 (HY-15398). 25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 moderately increases serum calcium levels when the initial serum calcium level is low. 25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes intestinal calcium absorption in vitamin D-deficient rats fed a low-calcium diet. 25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is applicable to research related to osteomalacia.

Calcitroic acid is a water-soluble terminal vitamin D metabolite and also a ligand for vitamin D receptor (VDR). Calcitroic acid binds to the ligand-binding domain of VDR, forms a retinoic X receptor complex, recruits the coactivator peptide MED1, mediates partial VDR-dependent transcription, inhibits Calcitriol (HY-10002)-induced VDR activation, and reduces the transcription level of CYP24A1 in the presence of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. Calcitroic acid exerts selective activating effects on VDR, upregulates the expression of CYP24A1 and CYP3A4, decreases the transcription levels of iNOS and IL-1β, reduces the secretion of nitric oxide and IL-1β, and possesses metabolic stability due to its resistance to phase I oxidation and hepatic glucuronidation. Calcitroic acid can be used in research related to colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and rickets.

23,25-Dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3 is a major metabolite of 24(R),25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3. 23,25-Dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3 can be used for the research of metabolic diseases.

Impurity F of Calcipotriol is a Vitamin D analog and an impurity of Calcipotriene (HY-10001).

6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane (5α-Cholestane-3β,6α-diol) is an oxysterol that promotes the production of superoxide anions in SK-N-BE cells at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM.

Calcitriol Impurities A is an impurity of Calcitriol (HY-10002). Calcitriol is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 and can activate the vitamin D receptor.

Tacalcitol monohydrate (1,24(R)-Dihydroxyvitamin D3; 1.alpha.,24R-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 monohydrate) can promote normal bone growth by regulating calcium ions. Tacalcitol monohydrate inhibits cancer cell proliferation and migration. Tacalcitol monohydrate can be used in the research of inflammation, cancer, and skin diseases.

Isotachysterol 3 is an analog of 1,25-dihydrox Vitamin D3. Isotachysterol 3 stimulates intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in anephric rats.

Demethyldihydrolanosterol belongs to the class of sterols and is a derivative of lanosterol. Demethyldihydrolanosterol can be studied in research on cholesterol biosynthesis and the development of pharmaceuticals targeting cholesterol-related pathways.

Butyrate-Vitamin D3 is a vitamin D3-related metabolite. Butyrate-Vitamin D3 shows elevated plasma levels in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) alongside increasing oxidative degree of dietary fish oil.