Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside is an orally active glycoside found in Rhubarb. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis, recovers altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression, reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and inhibits TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside accelerates Sennoside A (HY-N0365) metabolism, stimulates sennoside A purgative activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial biofilm formation, suppresses its virulence gene expression, and exerts antibacterial activity. Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside can be used for the research of diabetic nephropathy, constipation, and infection.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.81%
- CAS No.: 34298-86-7
- Formula: C21H18O11
- Molecular Weight:446.36
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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HY-N2451
Aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosidePhosphatase Inhibitor -
HY-N2229
RhapontigeninCytochrome P450 1A1 Inactivator -
HY-N2394
Emodin-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosideBNA Inhibitor -
HY-N4151
Chrysophanein -
HY-N0311
Emodin-8-glucosideAnthraquinone Derivative -
HY-N0189
Aloe emodinmTORC2 Inhibitor -
HY-N1972
Sennoside CNatural Product -
HY-13595
ChrysophanolEGFR Inhibitor -
HY-N0108
PhyscionAnthraquinone -
HY-N1973
Sennoside DNatural Product -
HY-N0189R
Aloe emodin (Standard) -
HY-N6082R
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (Standard)Analytical Standard
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside
MoreAll Caspase Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
Caspase 3 |
Bcl-2 |
In Vitro
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (20-80 μM; 48 h) attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in human mesangial cells[1].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (20-80 μM; 1-5 days) reverses high glucose-suppressed proliferation in human mesangial cells[1].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (20-80 μM; 48 h) normalizes high glucose-altered lincRNA ANRIL and let-7a expression in human mesangial cells[1].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (20-80 μM; 48 h) reverses high glucose-altered Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in human mesangial cells[1].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (20-80 μM; 48 h) inhibits high glucose-activated TGF-β1/Smad signaling in human mesangial cells[1].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (0.03-1 mM; 4 h) significantly accelerates the metabolism of Sennoside A (HY-N0365) in anaerobic mouse intestinal flora suspensions in a concentration-dependent manner[2].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (10-50 μg/mL; 24 h) significantly inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans[3].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (1-75 μg/mL; 4-24 h) inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50 μg/mL and 75 μg/mL almost fully inhibiting biofilm formation at 4 h and 24 h, and 10 μg/mL suppressing nearly 60% of biofilm formation[3].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (50 μg/mL; 48 h) significantly decreases the expression of luxS, brpA, ffh, recA, nth, and smx virulence-associated genes in Streptococcus mutans biofilms[3].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (25-75 μg/mL; 24 h) is non-toxic to human THP monocytes after 24 h of incubation, and significantly restores THP monocyte viability reduced by Streptococcus mutans infection[3].
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside (25-75 μg/mL; 24 h) significantly reduces increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in human THP monocytes caused by S. mutans infection, confirming non-toxicity to monocytes[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:human mesangial cells (HMCs)
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Concentration:20 μM, 80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Reduced the percentage of apoptotic HMCs induced by high glucose.
Reduced the apoptotic cell percentage to a level comparable to that of non-targeted control interventions (ANRIL siRNA, let-7a mimics) at 80 μM.
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Cell Line:human mesangial cells (HMCs)
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Concentration:20 μM, 80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Reduced high glucose-induced lincRNA ANRIL expression.
Increased high glucose-reduced let-7a expression.
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Cell Line:human mesangial cells (HMCs)
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Concentration:20 μM, 80 μM
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Recovered Bcl-2 expression inhibited by high glucose.
Reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression increased by high glucose to levels closer to those of untreated control cells.\nReduced TGF-β1 expression upregulated by high glucose.
Decreased the ratio of p-Smad2 to total Smad2 increased by high glucose.
Increased Smad7 expression downregulated by high glucose to levels closer to those of untreated control cells.
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Cell Line:human THP monocyte cell line
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Concentration:25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Had no effect on monocyte viability at 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL alone compared to the control group.
Significantly restored monocyte viability reduced by Streptococcus mutans infection.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:ddY (male, 30-40 g)[2]
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Dosage:2.1 mg/kg; 4.2 mg/kg; 8.4 mg/kg; 16.8 mg/kg
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Administration:p.o.; single dose
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Result:Resulted in a mean feces score significantly higher than Sennoside A alone at 2.1 mg/kg.
Resulted in a further significant increase in mean feces score at 4.2 mg/kg.
Resulted in a marked significant increase in mean feces score at 8.4 mg/kg.
Resulted in the greatest significant increase in mean feces score, reaching a value of ~8 at 16.8 mg/kg.
Showed a dose-dependent stimulation of Sennoside A's purgative activity across all tested doses.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 34298-86-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 446.36
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Formula C21H18O11
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=C1C2=O)C3=C2C(O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)CO)=CC=C3
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Biomed Res Int
Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPAR α/ γ-AMPK-SIRT1 Pathway and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [Abstract]2021 Sep 9;2021:9066938. PMID: 34540999
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (224.03 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 4.55 mg/mL (10.19 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 4.55 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (45.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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RT-PCR
Reverse transcription technology uses RNA as a template to synthesize DNA. RT-PCR is simple, specific and sensitive, and can be used to detect gene expression levels and expression differences in cells; detect RNA virus content; clone cDNA sequences of specific genes.
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RNA extraction experimental
By lysing cells, releasing RNA, and removing impurities such as proteins and DNA, high-purity RNA products are finally obtained. The commonly used traditional method is the guanidine isothiocyanate/phenol/chloroform method (Trizol), which is suitable for a variety of animal materials including animal tissues, microorganisms, cultured cells, etc., and most plant materials.
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Western Blot
Western blotting (WB) is a commonly used experimental method in molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunogenetics for identifying and quantifying target proteins. It combines gel electrophoresis with immunoassay, enabling researchers to analyze protein expression, post-translational modifications, and molecular weight.
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Research Protocol for Infectious Diseases
Infectious-disease experiments test how pathogens interact with host barriers, innate immune receptors, inflammatory signaling, pathogen replication, and tissue injury; pattern-recognition receptors such as TLRs, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and inflammasomes detect microbial molecules and activate NF-κB, interferon, and cytokine responses. The central hypothesis is that infection severity reflects the balance between pathogen burden and host response: protective inflammation restricts pathogen growth, whereas excessive or mislocalized inflammation contributes to tissue damage and disease phenotype. Unresolved questions include which host pathways are protective versus pathogenic, why some infection models fail to translate to human disease, and which combined readouts best predict clinically relevant infection outcomes.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Fungal Biofilm Culture
Fungal biofilm culture is an in vitro method for growing surface-attached fungal communities, most commonly Candida albicans, on abiotic substrates such as polystyrene wells, silicone elastomer, or polymethylmethacrylate; the assay models adhesion, proliferation, filamentation, extracellular-matrix-associated maturation, and dispersion. Biofilm output can be read by optical density at 600 nm for adherent biomass, XTT reduction for metabolic activity, CFU recovery for viable attached or dispersed cells, and microscopy for architecture.
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Bacterial live/dead nucleic-acid viability staining
The LIVE/DEAD bacterial viability staining method is based on differential permeability of nucleic-acid-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly SYTO 9 and propidium iodide (PI), which enables discrimination of bacterial populations with intact versus compromised cytoplasmic membranes. SYTO 9 penetrates both intact and damaged bacterial membranes and binds nucleic acids to produce green fluorescence, whereas propidium iodide penetrates only cells with compromised membranes and fluoresces red while also reducing SYTO 9 signal through competitive binding and fluorescence interactions. The resulting fluorescence pattern is interpreted as a proxy for membrane integrity, which is widely used as an indicator of bacterial viability in microscopy, flow cytometry, and spectroscopic platforms. However, mechanistic studies show that SYTO 9 and PI interactions involve displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer effects, which can influence signal interpretation depending on dye ratios a
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Real Time qPCR (Q-PCR)
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantifies an amplifiable nucleic-acid target by monitoring fluorescence during PCR cycling rather than measuring product only after amplification. The increase in fluorescence tracks accumulation of PCR product, and the quantification cycle (Cq; historically also Ct/CP) is related to the initial amount of target: samples containing more starting target generally reach the defined fluorescence threshold in fewer cycles.
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Protocol For Protein Expression And Purification
Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli followed by purification of a His-tagged soluble protein by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), with optional MBP fusion and TEV tag removal when the construct includes these elements. The biological readout is production of the encoded target protein, detected as an inducible band at the expected molecular mass by SDS-PAGE and quantified by total protein assay or chromatographic absorbance; the purification readout is enrichment of the target protein in elution fractions after selective binding of polyhistidine residues to immobilized Ni2+/metal-chelate resin and elution by imidazole-containing buffer. Expression is driven by an inducible bacterial expression system, commonly T7/lac-based, in which IPTG or lactose/auto-induction activates transcription and translation of the cloned gene; lower induction temperature, lower inducer concentration, induction timing, and solubility-enhancing fusion tags can influence the frac
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (288 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Zhang L S, et al. Rhein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis of human mesangial cells by regulating the lincRNA ANRIL/let-7a/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway[J]. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2020, 19(4): 2871-2878. [Content Brief]
[2]. Takayama K, et al. The influence of rhein 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the purgative action of sennoside A from rhubarb in mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(12):2204-2208. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhang Y, et al. Effects of Rhein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans[J]. Current Microbiology, 2021, 78(1): 323-328. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.2403 mL | 11.2017 mL | 22.4034 mL | 56.0086 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4481 mL | 2.2403 mL | 4.4807 mL | 11.2017 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2240 mL | 1.1202 mL | 2.2403 mL | 5.6009 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1494 mL | 0.7468 mL | 1.4936 mL | 3.7339 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1120 mL | 0.5601 mL | 1.1202 mL | 2.8004 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0896 mL | 0.4481 mL | 0.8961 mL | 2.2403 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0747 mL | 0.3734 mL | 0.7468 mL | 1.8670 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0560 mL | 0.2800 mL | 0.5601 mL | 1.4002 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0448 mL | 0.2240 mL | 0.4481 mL | 1.1202 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0373 mL | 0.1867 mL | 0.3734 mL | 0.9335 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0280 mL | 0.1400 mL | 0.2800 mL | 0.7001 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0224 mL | 0.1120 mL | 0.2240 mL | 0.5601 mL |
Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside Related Classifications
HY-N6082 Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Rhein 8-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside
- 34298-86-7
- Apoptosis
- Bcl-2 Family
- Caspase
- TGF-beta/Smad
- Bacterial
- dental caries
- human THP monocytes
- diabetic nephropathy
- apoptosis
- let-7a
- Streptococcus mutans
- TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway
- human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- human mesangial cells
- lincRNA ANRIL
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit