Glycosides

Paeoniflorin is a heat shock protein-inducing compound and commonly exists in the plants of Paeoniaceae family, with various biological activities, including anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment, anti-oxidative stress, antiplatelet aggregation, expansion of blood vessels, and reducing blood viscosity.

N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (Lauryl Maltoside) is a non-ionic detergent. N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside has strong adsorption on alumina, titanium dioxide and hematite. N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside can promote the reactivation of various proteins. N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside can effectively stabilize photoactive reaction center complexes (RCs) and inhibit the degradation of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides R-26 reaction center in solution. N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside can be used for purification and stabilization of RNA polymerase and for detection of protein-lipid interactions.

Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.

Salidroside (Rhodioloside) is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside alleviates cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Puerarin is an isoflavone extracted from Pueraria root and is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Puerarin inhibits the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV)-vagus nerve pathway, which in turn leads to decreased fat absorption.

Ac4ManNAz is an azido-containing metabolic glycoprotein labeling reagent. Ac4ManNAz can be used to selectively modify proteins. Ac4ManNAz can be used in cell labeling, tracking and proteomic analysis. Ac4ManNAz is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

C12FDG (5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-Galactopyranoside) is a lipophilic green fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase detection. C12-FDG is more sensitive than Fluorescein di(β-D-galactopyranoside) (HY-101895) for beta-galactosidase activity determinations in animal cells (Ex/Em = 488/523 nm).

Kanamycin (Kanamycin A) sulfate is an orally active antibacterial (gram-negative/positive bacteria) agent, inhibits translocation and causes misencoding by binding to the 70 S ribosomal subunit. Kanamycin sulfate shows good inhibitory activity to both M. tuberculosis (sensitive and drug-resistant ) and K. pneumonia, which can be used in studies of tuberculosis and pneumonia.

n-Octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside is a non-ionic detergent, it can be widely used in the research of biotechnical, biochemical applications, solubilization and crystallization of membrane proteins. n-Octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside can completely inhibit cavitation-induced cell lysis in vitro.

Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) is an orally active gallic tannin compound and an inducer of apoptosis and autophagy. Pentagalloglucose induces cell apoptosis and autophagy through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Pentagalloylglucose inhibits UBE2T-mediated p53 ubiquitination, upregulates p53, downregulates RRM1/RRM2 in pancreatic cancer organoids. Pentagalloglucose has antioxidant, anti mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardioprotective, anti allergic, cholesterol lowering, and anti-tumor activities.

5-Ethynyluridine (5-EU) is a potent cell-permeable nucleoside can be used to label newly synthesized RNA. 5-Ethynyluridine can be used for isolation and sequencing of nascent RNA from neuronal populations in vivo. 5-Ethynyluridine can be used to identify changes in transcription in vivo in nervous system disease models. 5-Ethynyluridine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC₅₀s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator.

Echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche deserticola, effectively inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Echinacoside elicits neuroprotection by activating Trk receptors and their downstream signal pathways. Antiosteoporotic activity.

Hesperidin (Hesperetin 7-rutinoside), a flavanone glycoside, is isolated from citrus fruits. Hesperidin has numerous biological properties, such as decreasing inflammatory mediators and exerting significant antioxidant effects. Hesperidin also exhibits antitumor and antiallergic activities.

4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide, an artificial substrate of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (NAGase), can be used in rapid and accurate rate assay for N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase. 4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide is highly soluble and stable. 4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide can be used for the study of renal tubular injury.

D-(+)-Trehalose (α,α-Trehalose) is an orally active disaccharide, showing anti-desiccant and cryopreservative activities. D-(+)-Trehalose acts as an osmolyte, and stress protectant and helps in the storage and transport of carbon. D-(+)-Trehalose can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) disodium salt, a purine nucleoside diphosphate, is interconverted to guanosine by the action of exonucleotidase and phosphorylation of nucleoside to guanine. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt activates adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K⁺ channel and is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the Hepcidin (HY-P70400)-ferroportin interaction and modulates the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/stat-3 pathway. Elevated levels of guanosine 5’-diphosphate are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt is promising for the research of inflammation, such as anemia of inflammation (AI).

X-GAL (BCIG) is a widely used chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate. X-GAL is a colorless compound until cleaved by β-galactosidase, at which point X-GAL turns to an insoluble and detectable blue compound, making X-GAL particularly useful in techniques such as blue-white screening for cloning in bacteria. X-GAL can also be used for detection of β-galactosidase activity.

Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity.

Verbascoside is isolated from Acanthus mollis, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC₅₀ of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity.