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By Targets:	Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) (4) ADC Linker (80) ADC Payload (1) Akt (1) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) (1) Aldehyde Oxidase (AO) (1) AMPK (1) Amyloid-β (3) Antibiotic (8) Apoptosis (47) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (1) ATP Synthase (6) Autophagy (3) Bacterial (33) Biochemical Assay Reagents (63) Calcineurin (1) Calcium Channel (17) Caspase (6) ClpP (1) Cytochrome P450 (4) Disulfidptosis (1) DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker (1) DNA Stain (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (7) Dopamine Receptor (1) Drug Derivative (7) Drug Intermediate (6) Drug Isomer (3) Drug Metabolite (4) Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC (1) Endogenous Metabolite (59) Enterovirus (3) Environmental Pollutants (20) Epigenetic Reader Domain (1) ERK (2) Ferrochelatase (1) Ferroptosis (4) Fluorescent Dye (54) Fungal (22) GABA Receptor (2) GLUT (1) Glycosidase (3) HBV (1) Herbicide (16) Histamine Receptor (1) HIV (2) HSP (1) Influenza Virus (4) Insecticide (8) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (19) Keap1-Nrf2 (2) Lactate Dehydrogenase (1) Liposome (2) MEK (2) Mitochondrial Metabolism (42) MOFs (4) Molecular Glues (1) Na+/K+ ATPase (2) NO Synthase (3) Notch (1) Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A (1) Opioid Receptor (1) Oxidative Phosphorylation (7) Parasite (17) PARP (1) PERK (1) Phosphatase (2) Photosensitizer (1) Photosystem II (9) PPAR (1) PROTAC Linkers (38) PROTACs (1) Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (1) PSMA (1) Pyroptosis (1) Pyruvate Kinase (1) Quinone Reductase (1) Radionuclide-Drug Conjugates (RDCs) (3) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (56) Reference Standards (38) Reverse Transcriptase (1) Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK) (1) SOD (2) Squalene Monooxygenase (1) Succinate Dehydrogenase (2) Tau Protein (1) Thymidylate Synthase (1) TNF Receptor (1) Tyrosinase (1) Virus Protease (1)
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GMP Molecules

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0166

L-Ascorbic acid 75+ Cited Publications L-Ascorbate; Vitamin C	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Neurological Disease
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic	Infection Cancer
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-103311

Ruthenium red Maximum Cited Publications 15 Publications Verification Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride	Calcium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease
Ruthenium red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (I_Ca) blocker .

HY-125857

Cytochrome C 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. Cytochrome C is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis .

HY-F0002

NADP sodium salt Maximum Cited Publications 6 Publications Verification Sodium NADP	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
NADP sodium salt is the sodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-D0937

Methoxy-PMS 5+ Cited Publications 1-Methoxy PMS; 1-Methoxyphenazine methosulfate	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Others
Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxy PMS), an active oxygen formation inducer, is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes .

HY-F0002A

NADP disodium salt Maximum Cited Publications 6 Publications Verification Disodium NADP	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
NADP disodium salt is the disodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-113325

NADP Maximum Cited Publications 6 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-110282

S3QEL-2	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC₅₀=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation .

HY-D1373

HBC 3 Publications Verification HBC 530	Fluorescent Dye	Others
HBC (HBC 530) is a GFP fluorophore-like synthetic dye, with a structurally rigid electron acceptor and a strong electron donor. HBC has a low fluorescence background, and when combined with Pepper (RNA aptamer), HBC forms a tight complex and activates and emits bright fluorescence (K_d of ~3.5 nM). HBC emission peaks vary in different complexes and covers the spectrum from cyan to red. HBC can be used in the live cell imaging of RNA (Em/Ex = 530/485 nm) .

HY-B0166R

L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) 2 Publications Verification L-Ascorbate (Standard); Vitamin C (Standard)	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic	Infection
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-W012145

TMPD dihydrochloride	Others	Metabolic Disease
TMPD dihydrochloride, a readily oxidizable compound, is an enzymatically convert redox active substrate molecule. TMPD dihydrochloride is also an electron donor and serves as a reducing cosubstrate for heme peroxidases . TMPD dihydrochloride is also a complex IV substrate .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-P2996

NAD(P)H-Nitrate reductase 1 Publications Verification	Others	Others
NAD(P)H-Nitrate reductase is isolated from Aspergillus niger that catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite via a two-electron transfer. In plants, the electron donor for Nitrate reductase is NADPH is NADH:Nitrate reductase and a bispecific NAD(P)H: Nitrate reductase .

HY-125857A

Cytochrome C (equine heart)	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Caspase	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C (equine heart) is composed of 104 amino acids and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. Cytochrome C (equine heart) is involved in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis. Cytochrome C (equine heart) can act as a single electron carrier .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-113325A

NADP sodium hydrate 5+ Cited Publications	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt hydrate form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-125862

Glutathione Reductase, baker's yeast EC 1.6.4.2; GR	Calcineurin Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast (EC 1.6.4.2) is a reductase. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast eliminates intracellular ROS. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) using NADPH as an electron donor. Glutathione reductase, baker's yeast exerts antioxidant activity. Glutathione reductase is mainly used to study diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease and sickle cell anemia .

HY-129460

XJB-5-131 5+ Cited Publications	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease
XJB-5-131 is a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger . XJB-5-131 is a bi-functional antioxidant that comprises a radical scavenger. XJB-5-131 is a synthetic antioxidant that targets mitochondria . XJB-5-131 is an effective ionizing irradiation protector and mitigator of cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNCs) .

HY-107869

Isoindigo	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
Isoindigo acts as the acceptor unit in donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers and belongs to the indigo dye family. Isoindigo contains two lactam rings and exhibits strong electron-withdrawing properties. Isoindigo can be used in dyeing and pigment preparation. Isoindigo shows high mobility and excellent environmental stability in field-effect transistors (FETs). Isoindigo possesses the activity to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and has certain anti-tumor activity .

HY-E70306

Zymolyase, Arthrobacter luteus	Endogenous Metabolite Parasite	Infection
Zymolyase, Arthrobacter luteus, is a zymolyase mainly found in Arthrobacter luteus. Enzyme, an enzyme with beta-1,3 glucanase activity, removes the electron-dense outer layer of the Plasmodium karinii cell wall, exposing an electron-lucent layer .

HY-113355

NADH	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-DY3001

*Glutaraldehyde Fixative (2.5%, For Electron* Microscopy)** 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Glutaraldehyde Fixative (2.5%, For Electron Microscopy) is composed of glutaraldehyde, phosphate, deionized water, etc., with a pH range of 7.2-7.4. This fixative is effective in fixing fine structures of cell nuclei and cytoplasm and is commonly used for fixing electron microscopy specimens.

HY-126222A

MitoTam iodide, hydriodide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-134599

(2E)-TCO-PNB ester	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Cancer
(2E)-TCO-PNB ester is an active reaction substrate with the properties of trans-cyclooctene derivatives. The core chemical property of (2E)-TCO-PNB ester is its ability to undergo efficient inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition with tetrazine groups. (2E)-TCO-PNB ester can be used in ligation reactions to verify the integrity of tetrazine groups, and also serves as a key synthetic raw material for the preparation of the prodrug TCO-DOX. (2E)-TCO-PNB ester is applied in research related to drug synthesis and bioorthogonal chemistry .

HY-B1847

Terbuthylazine 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Herbicide	Others
Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein .

HY-D1509

Phenazine ethosulfate	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Phenazine ethosulfate is a cationic dye (Ex=390 nm, Em=530 nm) and an electron acceptor that can be used in dye-linked enzyme assays. Phenazine ethosulfate is an intermediate for detecting nitric oxide reducatase (Nors) activity with the presence of ascorbic acid .

HY-W021358

N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine is an electron-donating aromatic diamine with a low ionization potential. N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine is a classic electron donor model compound for photochemical electron transfer studies .

HY-B0166S8

L-Ascorbic acid-13C6-1 L-Ascorbate-1; Vitamin C-¹³C₆-1	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel Apoptosis	Cancer
L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C₆-1 (L-Ascorbate-1; Vitamin C- ¹³C₆-1) is a ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166) . L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-E70517

Histamine dehydrogenase, Microorganism	Histamine Receptor	Others
Histamine dehydrogenase, Microorganism (EC 1.4.99) is a homodimeric enzyme which catalyzes oxidative deamination of histamine in the presence of electron carrier .

HY-DY3002

*Glutaraldehyde Fixative (4%, For Electron* Microscopy)**	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Glutaraldehyde Fixative (4%, For Electron Microscopy) is composed of glutaraldehyde, phosphate, deionized water, etc., with a pH range of 7.2-7.4. This fixative is effective in fixing fine structures of cell nuclei and cytoplasm and is commonly used for fixing electron microscopy specimens.

HY-W128525

Menadiol Dihydrovitamin K3	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles .

HY-N8139

2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	Bacterial Fungal	Metabolic Disease
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the electron transfer mediator. 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone changes glucose metabolism of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria .

HY-B1853

Simetryn	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis ERK Herbicide MEK	Cardiovascular Disease
Simetryn is a triazine herbicide that exerts teratogenicity. Simetryn inhibits photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer in the chloroplast photosystem II and activates the MEK/Erk signaling pathway. Simetryn triggers vascular and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish and tadpoles, suppresses proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces malformations. Simetryn serves as a tool to establish a zebrafish model for studying arteriovenous malformations and related pathogenesis. Simetryn controls paddy weeds and can be used for research on developmental and vascular disorders .

HY-W020043

Pyribencarb	Fungal	Infection
Pyribencarb is a benzylcarbamate-type fungicide, which is active against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. Pyribencarb is a potent Qo inhibitor of cytochrome b. Pyribencarb is especially active against *Botrytis cinerea* and *Sclerotinia sclerotirum* .

HY-F0002R

NADP sodium salt (Standard) Sodium NADP (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
NADP (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADP (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADP sodium salt is the sodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes[1][4].

HY-126222

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative , is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells .

HY-W100959

Duroquinone Tetramethylquinone	Drug Derivative	Others
Duroquinone (Tetramethylquinone) is a model compound of amphiphilic quinone, which can be used as an oxidative-reductive activity probe. Duroquinone can be easily reduced by biological systems to hydrogen peroxide (DQH₂) or semi-quinone free radicals (DQ•⁻). Duroquinone can freely pass through the cell membrane, facilitating the study of the electron transfer process inside and outside the cells. Duroquinone can be used to investigate the relationship between metabolism in the pulmonary circulation and endothelial cells .

HY-151759

Sulfo-Cy5-TCO	Fluorescent Dye	Cancer
Sulfo-Cy5-TCO is a water-soluble sulfonated Cy5 fluorescent reagent containing trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Sulfo-Cy5-TCO undergoes an inverse electron demand Diels‑Alder reaction with tetrazine-labeled fixed breast cancer cells to achieve cell labeling. Sulfo-Cy5-TCO is used for fluorescent labeling and imaging of biological samples such as proteins and cells .

HY-125857B

Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Biochemical Assay Reagents Apoptosis Caspase	Metabolic Disease
Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a type C cytochrome located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. As an electron carrier, Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) transfers electrons between complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase, CIV) of the respiratory chain. Cytochrome C (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can play a crucial role in triggering apoptosis by being released from the mitochondria into the cytosol .

HY-120338

RYL-552	Mitochondrial Metabolism Parasite	Infection
RYL-552, a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, is a P. falciparum NADH dehydrogenase 2 (PfNDH2)** inhibtor .

HY-131501

Menaquinone 9	Drug Derivative	Metabolic Disease
Menaquinone 9 is a vitamin K2 (HY-109569) analog. Menaquinone 9 acts as a prothrombogenic agent and functional electron transfer component in nitrate reductase .

HY-W725574

Dimidazon BAS 29095	Photosystem II	Others
Dimidazon (BAS 29095) is a weak electron transport inhibitor targeting photosystem II (PSII). Dimidazon inhibits electron transfer from the primary electron acceptor Q in PSII to photosystem I. Dimidazon is promising for research of photosynthesis regulation and weed control .

HY-121242

Buthidazole VEL-5026	Photosystem II	Others
Buthidazole is a selective herbicide for weed control in corn. Buthidazole inhibits *photosynthetic electron* transport** at two distinct sites in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The major site of inhibition was on the reducing side of photosystem II. Another site of electron transport inhibition is on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Buthidazole inhibits corn photosynthesis and prevents starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts and some ultrastructural disruption of mesophyl chloroplasts of corn plants .

HY-N11913

Siderin	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Siderin is a Photosystem II inhibitor that effectively inhibits ATP synthesis and chloroplast electron transport during photosynthesis in isolated spinach. Siderin can be used in the study of plant photosynthesis .

HY-W001584

6-Aminoindole	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
6-Aminoindole is an electron donor. A novel proton transfer hydrogen-bonded complex is formed between 6-aminoindole and Picric acid .

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0166

L-Ascorbic acid 75+ Cited Publications L-Ascorbate; Vitamin C	Structural Classification Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Moringa oleifera Lam. Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease markers Moringaceae Nervous System Disorder Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-B1756

Rotenone Maximum Cited Publications 178 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Cancer Agricultural Research	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy
Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 100+ Cited Publications	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N0111

Coenzyme Q10 10+ Cited Publications CoQ10; Ubiquinone-10; Ubidecarenone	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Quinones Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-B0166A

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt 75+ Cited Publications Sodium ascorbate; Sodium L-ascorbate; Vitamin C sodium salt	Structural Classification Natural Products other families Classification of Application Fields Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Sodium ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt selectively inhibits Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor .

HY-F0001

NADH disodium salt 5+ Cited Publications Disodium NADH	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-B0456

Riboflavin 5+ Cited Publications Vitamin B2; E101	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Riboflavin, an orally active and easily absorbed micronutrient, is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which serve as coenzymes for numerous enzymatic reactions and perform key metabolic functions by mediating the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reaction .

HY-F0002A

NADP disodium salt Maximum Cited Publications 6 Publications Verification Disodium NADP	Microorganisms other families Animals Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NADP disodium salt is the disodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-113325

NADP Maximum Cited Publications 6 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-B0166R

L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) 2 Publications Verification L-Ascorbate (Standard); Vitamin C (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Moringa oleifera Lam. Disease markers Endocrine diseases Moringaceae Nervous System Disorder Plants Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
L-Ascorbic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-112177

Myxothiazol	Infection Microorganisms Antifungal Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Disease Research Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Antibiotic
Myxothiazol, an antifungal antibiotic, is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III (bc1 complex) inhibitor. Myxothiazol inhibits the growth of many yeasts and fungi at concentrations between 0.01 and 3 μg/ml .

HY-101415

Coenzyme Q9 1 Publications Verification Ubiquinone Q9; CoQ9; Ubiquinone 9	Cardiovascular Disease Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-Y0488A

Formic acid ammonium 2 Publications Verification Ammonium formate	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Calcium Channel NO Synthase Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed .

HY-N2024A

Maltose monohydrate 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Polysaccharides other families Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Glycosidase
Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders .

HY-130055

HQNO 2 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a K_d of 64 nM for complex III . HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species .

HY-113325A

NADP sodium hydrate 5+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt hydrate form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-N12257

Antimycin A2 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis
Antimycin A2 is a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome b-c1 complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Antimycin A2 disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting electron transfer between cytochrome b and c. Antimycin A2 has bactericidal and piscicidal activity, as well as tumor cell growth inhibitory effects, and can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells. Antimycin A2 is suitable for research of cervical cancer and fisheries management. Antimycin A2 can be naturally isolated from the fermentation products of Streptomyces sp. strains .

HY-114936

Piericidin A 5 Publications Verification AR-054	Infection Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Anti-parasitic Antibacterial Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial ADC Payload Antibiotic Mitochondrial Metabolism
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .

HY-N0354

Anthraquinone 3 Publications Verification	Seeds of Cassia tora Linn. Quinones Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Anthraquinones Other Diseases Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Virus Protease
Anthraquinone is used as a precursor for dye formation and agrochemicals, existing in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and some animals. Anthraquinone has biological activities: anticancer, antiinflammatory, diuretic, antiarthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial and antioxidant. Anthraquinone also plays an important role in the primary metabolism of plants by acting on the electron transport chain through the inhibition of energy transfer in the photosynthetic process. Anthraquinone can intercalates into DNA and inhibits the topoisomerase II (topo II) enzyme, resulting in cell death via Apoptosis .

HY-N4168A

Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester	Structural Classification Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica Thunb. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Quinone Reductase HBV
Neochlorogenic acid (5-O-Caffeoylquinic) methyl ester is a selective quinone reductase inducer (EC₅₀ = 6.7 μM) and also exhibits hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.81 μM). Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester scavenges hydroxyl radicals by donating electrons or hydrogen atoms, while simultaneously inducing quinone reductase expression to enhance carcinogen detoxification, thus exerting antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive activities. Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester is used in research on antioxidant damage and promoting detoxification metabolism, primarily in the fields of cancer chemotherapy and antioxidant-related diseases. Neochlorogenic acid methyl ester is also an HBV inhibitor and can be isolated from the flower buds of L. japonica .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-125365

Rifamycin S 2 Publications Verification	Infection Quinones Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Phenols Naphthalene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Antibiotic
Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy .

HY-N6715

Tenuazonic acid	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Source Classification Agricultural Research	Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II
Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-B1756R

Rotenone (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Leguminosae Derris trifoliata Lour. Plants	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy Apoptosis
Rotenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rotenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-F0001R

NADH disodium salt (Standard) 1 Publications Verification Disodium NADH (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) is an orally active reduced coenzyme. NADH disodium salt is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. NADH disodium salt plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-N8139

2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	Quinones Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Rubiaceae Metabolic Disease Plants Naphthalene Quinones Disease Research Fields Rubia cordifolia L. Source Classification	Bacterial Fungal
2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is the electron transfer mediator. 2-Amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone changes glucose metabolism of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria .

HY-N0111R

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) CoQ10 (Standard); Ubiquinone-10 (Standard); Ubidecarenone (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Ferroptosis
Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q10. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-113325AR

NADP sodium hydrate (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards
NADP sodium hydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADP sodium hydrate (HY-113325A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADP sodium hydrate is the sodium salt hydrate form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes.

HY-B0456R

Riboflavin (Standard) 1 Publications Verification Vitamin B2 (Standard); E101 (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Riboflavin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Riboflavin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Riboflavin, an orally active and easily absorbed micronutrient, is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which serve as coenzymes for numerous enzymatic reactions and perform key metabolic functions by mediating the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reaction .

HY-W010380

Methyl succinate	Structural Classification Natural Products Ebenaceae Plants Source Classification Diospyros kaki Thunb.	AMPK Apoptosis
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .

HY-N11913

Siderin	Coumarins Toona ciliata Roem. Phenylpropanoids Plants Meliaceae Source Classification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Siderin is a Photosystem II inhibitor that effectively inhibits ATP synthesis and chloroplast electron transport during photosynthesis in isolated spinach. Siderin can be used in the study of plant photosynthesis .

HY-101415R

Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) Ubiquinone Q9 (Standard); CoQ9 (Standard); Ubiquinone 9 (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coenzyme Q9. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone Q9), the major form of ubiquinone in rodents, is an amphipathic molecular component of the electron transport chain that functions as an endogenous antioxidant. Coenzyme Q9 attenuates the diabetes-induced decreases in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Coenzyme Q9 improves left ventricular performance and reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

HY-N9610

Coenzyme Q6 Ubiquinone 30	Quinones Microorganisms Benzene Quinones Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30) is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid. Coenzyme Q6 exhibits functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Coenzyme Q6 also has antioxidant effects, which can prevent the production of free radicals and oxidative damage .

HY-W250154

β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is an orally active reduced coenzyme. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium is a donor of ADP-ribose units in ADP-ribosylaton reactions and a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced dipotassium plays a role as a regenerative electron donor in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle .

HY-N6715R

Tenuazonic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Reference Standards Influenza Virus Bacterial Enterovirus Photosystem II
Tenuazonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenuazonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a *photosystem II (PSII)* inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-N10516

Bacteriopheophytin	Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields	Bacterial
Bacteriopheophytin, a photosynthetic pigment, is a bacterial demagnetised chlorophyll composed of bacterial chlorophyll in which two hydrogen atoms replace the magnesium center. Bacteriopheophytin acts as an electron acceptor in the purple bacterial reaction center (RC) and is involved in electron transfer .

HY-N9680

Coenzyme Q8 Ubiquinone 8	Quinones Structural Classification Leguminosae Pisum sativum Linn Benzene Quinones Plants Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Coenzyme Q8 (Ubiquinone 8) is an isoprenoid quinone that mediates electron transfer within the aerobic respiratory chain and reduces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q8 maintains bacterial respiratory function and enhances host resistance to bacterial infection. Coenzyme Q8 stimulates macrophage phagocytosis and increases antibody-producing cells. Coenzyme Q8 can be used in infectious disease research .

HY-N11882

Plastoquinone PQ-9	Structural Classification Natural Products Beta vulgaris Linn. Plants Chenopodiaceae Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Plastoquinone (PQ-9) is a photosynthetic electron carrier as well as a redox sensor capable of regulating state transitions and gene expression. Plastoquinone transfers electrons to the cytochrome b₆/f complex via the Q cycle, and participates in the establishment of the thylakoid transmembrane pH gradient. Plastoquinone can react with ROS. Plastoquinone is used in plant photosynthesis research .

HY-B0166AR

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Standard) Sodium ascorbate (Standard); Sodium L-ascorbate (Standard); Vitamin C sodium salt (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products other families Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Calcium Channel Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite
L-Ascorbic acid (sodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid (sodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Sodium ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt selectively inhibits Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor .

HY-F0002AR

NADP disodium salt (Standard) Disodium NADP (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms other families Animals Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Plants Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards
NADP (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADP (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NADP disodium salt is the disodium salt form of NADP (HY-113325). NADP is a coenzyme involved in cellular electron transfer reactions in biological metabolism, which is alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH), and can maintain cellular redox homeostasis and regulate many biological events, including cellular metabolism. NADPH is a universal electron donor that provides reducing ability for synthetic metabolic reactions and redox balance. NADPH plays a multifunctional role in regulating inflammation, redox homeostasis, and synthetic metabolism processes .

HY-N10094

Maculosidine	Alkaloids Rutaceae Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Source Classification Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.	Others
Maculosidine is a furoquinoline alkaloid that can be isolated from Balfourodendron riedelianum. Maculosidine inhibits ATP synthesis, basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled electron transport in plants. Maculosidine inhibits Hill reaction on spinach chloroplasts .

HY-130055R

HQNO (Standard)	Natural Products Microorganisms Source Classification	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism
HQNO (Standard) is the analytical standard of HQNO. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III[1]. HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species[2].

HY-N15382

Prebetanin Betanin 6'-O-sulphate	Alkaloids Other Alkaloids Plants Phytolacca americana L. Phytolaccaceae Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Prebetanin (Betanin 6'-O-sulphate) is a pigment with antioxidant activities. Prebetanin can be isolated from beetroot .

HY-W128525R

Menadiol (Standard) Dihydrovitamin K3 (Standard)	Microorganisms Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism
Cloprednol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cloprednol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cloprednol is an orally active synthetic glucocorticoid. Cloprednol has anti-inflammatory activity, and can be used in the research of asthma .

HY-N1839

3-Hydroxybakuchiol	Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification Otholobium mexicanum (L.f.) J.W.Grimes	Apoptosis Glycosidase
3-Hydroxybakuchiol can be isolated from Otholobium mexicanum J. W. Grimes. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol has antitumor activity, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. 3-Hydroxybakuchiol also has moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC₅₀: 345 μM) .

HY-125365R

Rifamycin S (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Phenols Naphthalene Quinones Source Classification	Reference Standards Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Antibiotic
Rifamycin S (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rifamycin S. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rifamycin S, a quinone, is an antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria (including MRSA). Rifamycin S is the oxidized forms of a reversible oxidation-reduction system involving two electrons. Rifamycin S generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation. Rifamycin S can be used for tuberculosis and leprosy .

HY-N12887

Mycothiazole	Natural Products Marine natural products Sponge Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC₅₀ is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans .

HY-Y0488AR

Formic acid ammonium (Standard) Ammonium formate (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards NO Synthase Calcium Channel Bacterial ATP Synthase
Formic acid ammonium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Formic acid ammonium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Formic acid ammonium is the ammonium salt form of formic acid, which is an endogenous metabolite. Formic acid ammonium activates the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway in endothelial cells and inhibits calcium ion influx in vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasomotor relaxation. Formic acid ammonium inhibits cytochrome C oxidase (CcO) and disrupts the electron transport chain, leading to ATP depletion. Formic acid ammonium can be used as a feed additive, which can lower the feed pH value, inhibit the growth of microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella), and extend the shelf life of the feed.

HY-N17574

3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)xanthyletin	Structural Classification Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Reichb. ex Meisn. Rutaceae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification
3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin (compound 2) is a pyranocoumarin present in the roots of Stauranthus perforatus. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin inhibits the uncoupled electron transport from water to ferricyanide in spinach thylakoids. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin act as a Hill reaction inhibitor. 3-(1,1-Dimethylallyl) xanthyletin interferes with plant energy metabolism at the photosynthetic level .

HY-W099725

Sarmentine	Piper longum Linn. Structural Classification Alkaloids Pyrrole Alkaloids Piperaceae Plants Source Classification	Herbicide Photosystem II
Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM and a K_i of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC₅₀ of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC₅₀ of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the Q_B binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC₅₀ of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-N0111S2

Coenzyme Q10-d9
Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-B0166S

L-Ascorbic acid-13C6

L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-B0166S8

L-Ascorbic acid-13C6-1

L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C₆-1 (L-Ascorbate-1; Vitamin C- ¹³C₆-1) is a ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166) . L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-N0111S

Coenzyme Q10-d6
Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

HY-B0166S6

L-Ascorbic acid-d2
L-Ascorbic acid-d₂ is the deuterium labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a colla

HY-B0166S1

L-Ascorbic acid-13C

L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C is the ¹³C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

HY-W653921

Tenuazonic acid-d13

Tenuazonic acid-d₁₃ is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD₅₀ is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-Y0607S1

4-Nitrobenzoic acid-d2
4-Nitrobenzoic acid-d₂ is the deuterium labeled 4-Nitrobenzoic acid (HY-Y0607). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid acts as a redox mediator and electron transfer promoter. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid accepts electrons from reduced glucose oxidase and transfers them to the electrode to facilitate the glucose oxidation reaction, while minimizing the formation of protonated amino groups .

HY-B0166S3

L-Ascorbic acid-13C-2
L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C-2 is the ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen

HY-136406S

Bongkrekic acid-13C28

1 Publications Verification

Bongkrekic acid- ¹³C₂₈ is the ¹³C labeled Bongkrekic acid (HY-136406). Bongkrekic acid is a mitochondrial toxin secreted by the bacteria Pseudomonas cocovenenans. Bongkrekic acid specific ligand for mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) rather than the electron transport chain. Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport .

HY-B0456S5

Riboflavin-d8
Riboflavin-d₈ (Vitamin B2-d₈ ) is deuterium labeled Riboflavin. Riboflavin, an orally active and easily absorbed micronutrient, is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which serve as coenzymes for numerous enzymatic reactions and perform key metabolic functions by mediating the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reaction .

HY-B1756S

Rotenone-d3
Rotenone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rotenone (HY-B1756). Rotenone is a *mitochondrial electron* transport chain complex I** inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

HY-B0166S2

L-Ascorbic acid-13C-1
L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen

HY-B0166S5

L-Ascorbic acid-13C-4
L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C-4 is the ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collag

HY-N6715S

Tenuazonic acid-13C10

Tenuazonic acid- ¹³C₁₀ is ¹³C labeled Tenuazonic acid (HY-N6715). Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer .

HY-Y0607S

4-Nitrobenzoic acid-d4
4-Nitrobenzoic acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 4-Nitrobenzoic acid (HY-Y0607). 4-Nitrobenzoic acid is an oxidoreduction mediator and an electron transfer promoter. 4-Nitrobenzoic acid accepts electrons from the reduced glucose oxidase and transfers them to the electrode to promote the glucose oxidation reaction, while minimizing the formation of protonated amine groups .

HY-B1847S1

Terbuthylazine-d5
Terbuthylazine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847) . Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.

HY-W725476

Bifenazate-d5
Bifenazate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Bifenazate (HY-119687). Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm . Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor . Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III .

HY-B0849S

Azoxystrobin-d4
Azoxystrobin-d₄ is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

HY-B0166S4

L-Ascorbic acid-13C-3
L-Ascorbic acid- ¹³C-3 is the ¹³C labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen

HY-B0849S1

Azoxystrobin-d3
Azoxystrobin-d₃ is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis .

HY-B0817S

Pyridaben-d13

Pyridaben-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled Pyridaben . Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricide that promotes the formation of damaging oxygen and nitrogen radicals. Pyridaben selectively inhibits complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) with an IC₅₀ value of 2.4 nM (assay sites: rat liver and bovine heart mitochondria). Pyridaben also significantly inhibits rat mitochondrial mtNOS function .

HY-W778649

Sarmentine-d8

Sarmentine-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Sarmentine. Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 3.0 μM and a K_i of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC₅₀ of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC₅₀ of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the Q_B binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC₅₀ of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities .

HY-B1847S

Terbuthylazine-d9
Terbuthylazine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Terbuthylazine (HY-B1847). Terbuthylazine is an inhibitor of acetolactate syntase (ALS), is a selective herbicide. Terbuthylazine blocks electron transport in photosystem II via interaction with the D1-protein.

HY-119475S

Satranidazole-d3

Satranidazole-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Satranidazole. Satranidazole is an orally active insecticide and antimicrobial agent with high electron affinity. Satranidazole forms reduced nitro intermediates, which interact with DNA, causing helix instability, strand breakage and release of thymidine derivatives. Satranidazole exhibits antitrichomonal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas foetus, and antiamoebic activity in rodent models of hepatic amoebiasis and caecal amoebiasis. Satranidazole inhibits the replication of bacteriophage φX174 DNA. Satranidazole can be used in research related to caecal amoebiasis, trichomoniasis and anaerobic bacterial infections.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0166GL

L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like) L-Ascorbate (GMP Like); Vitamin C (GMP Like)	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Calcium Channel Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
L-Ascorbic acid (GMP Like) is the GMP Like class L-Ascorbic acid (HY-B0166). L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate, Vitamin C), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Ca_v3.2 channels with an IC₅₀ of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor . L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells .

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