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retinal cells

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All-trans-retinal 3 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
All-trans-retinal is an vitamin A metabolite in the retina, and is produced following photo-isomerization of the visual chromophore 11-cis-Retinal. All-trans-retinal is cleared from photoreceptors by ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA4) and all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH). All-trans-retinal induces Bax activation via DNA damage to mediate retinal cell apoptosis .

Triamcinolone acetonide 5+ Cited Publications	Glucocorticoid Receptor FGFR	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology Cancer
Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Triamcinolone acetonide reduces chondrocyte viability and leads to cartilage destruction. Triamcinolone acetonide activates macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Triamcinolone acetonide can be used in the study of diseases such as atopic dermatitis .

(-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification Levisoprenaline hydrochloride; Proternol L hydrochloride	Caspase TNF Receptor	Metabolic Disease
(-)-Isoproterenol (Levisoprenalinel) hydrochloride is the R-isomer of Isoproterenol. (-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride can reduce the cleavage of caspase 3 and TNFα levels in retinal endothelial cells (REC). (-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride can be used for the study of diabetic retinopathy .

Obacunone 4 Publications Verification	Apoptosis	Cancer
Obacunone is a highly oxidized triterpenoid limonoid isolated from citrus plants. Obacunone exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Obacunone also protects retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage .

Eriodictyol Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification Huazhongilexone	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium 1 Publications Verification 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP sodium	Ras	Cardiovascular Disease
8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP) sodium, an analog of cAMP, is an activator of exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium activates Epac1 (EC₅₀ = 2.2 μM), but not PKA (EC₅₀ >10 μM). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium stimulates Epac-mediated Ca ²⁺ release in pancreatic β-cells in vitro. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium is a Rap1 activator. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP sodium enhances the retinal pigment epithelium barrier against the pathological choroidal endothelial cell invasion that occurs in macular degeneration .

Faricimab RG7716; RO-6867461	VEGFR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Faricimab, an overall good safety and tolerability profile, is a bispecific antibody targeting Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Faricimab prevents retinal vascular leakage, cell death and inflammation in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and sCNV mouse models. Faricimab demonstrates statistically superior visual acuity gains versus Ranibizumab (HY-P9951). Faricimab can be used for retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (w-AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (RVO) .

Perfluorodecalin PP 5; Perfluorodecahydronaphthalene	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Perfluorodecalin liquids are largrly used in vitreoretinal surgery. Perfluorodecalin with tamponade lasting more than two days is detrimental to the retina in the case of rabbit. Perfluorodecalin can be used for the research of giant retinal tears . Perfluorodecalin is a non-toxic, non-flammable, thermally stable, non-bio-accumulating O₂-carrier and used as artificial blood . Perfluorodecalin enhances bone regeneration and cell viability .

Arundic Acid 2 Publications Verification ONO-2506; (R)-2-Propyloctanoic acid	ERK Akt NF-κB EAAT	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Arundic Acid is an orally effective astrocyte function modulator and neuroprotective agent. Arundic Acid increases the expression and function of the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT1 by activating the ERK, Akt and NF-κB pathways. Arundic Acid attenuates retinal ganglion cell death in a normal-tension glaucoma model. Arundic Acid exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Arundic Acid is a S100β protein synthesis inhibitor that prevents neurological deficits and brain tissue damage after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Arundic Acid downregulates neuroinflammation and astrocytic dysfunction after status epilepticus in immature rats. Arundic Acid is applicable to research related to Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, glaucoma, intracerebral hemorrhage and epilepsy .

(±)-Eriodictyol (±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel	Metabolic Disease
(±)-Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (±)-Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. (±)-Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. (±)-Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. (±)-Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

Dextran T3 (MW 3,000) Dextran 3; Dextran D3; Dextran T3(MW 2400-3600)	Bacterial	Others
Dextran T3 (Dextran 3; Dextran T3(MW 2400-3600)) is a neural tracer and intestinal permeability probe that can move anterogradely and retrogradely in neuronal axons by passive diffusion. Dextran T3 (MW 3,000) is able to permeate across the intestinal epithelial cell membrane in the presence of cholera toxin-induced cytoskeletal disturbance. Dextran T3 (MW 3,000) is used as a fluorescent marker to rapidly label developing neurons (such as Xenopus retinal ganglion cells) and to assess intestinal barrier function. It can be used to study axonal transport in neuroanatomy and permeability changes in intestinal pathophysiology. The Dextran series of compounds are also natural polysaccharide drug carriers that can be connected to drugs through covalent bonding methods such as ester bonds, amide bonds or click chemistry, or self-assembled to form carriers such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Dextran is biodegradable and biocompatible, and can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. Dextran derivatives can prolong the half-life of drugs, increase local concentrations, and reduce the activity of immune clearance .

Callistephin chloride 1 Publications Verification Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis .

Raddeanin A 1 Publications Verification	Apoptosis PI3K Akt ERK mTOR Wnt β-catenin Wee1 JNK VEGFR CDK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Raddeanin A is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with oral activity. Raddeanin A inhibits SRC, mTOR, JNK, VEGFR2, NLRP3 inflammasome, Wnt/β-catenin, Wee1, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, AR-FL, AR-Vs, and downregulates the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Raddeanin A inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, osteolysis, cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production, immunogenic cell death and dendritic cell maturation. Raddeanin A improves blood-retinal barrier function, alleviates inflammation, regulates the tumor microenvironment, and enhances the activity of anti-PD-1 antibody. Raddeanin A is applicable to the research of breast cancer-associated osteolysis, human osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, cholangiocarcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer and multiple myeloma .

Tafluprost AFP-168; MK2452	Prostaglandin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease Others
Tafluprost (AFP-168) is an anti-glaucoma prostaglandin (PG) analog. Tafluprost can inhibit the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and rat RGCs cells. Tafluprost promotes axon regeneration by regulating Zn ²⁺-mTORpathway, inhibits intracellular lipid accumulation in human preorbital adipocytes. Tafluprost can be used in the study of optic nerve injury in glaucoma .

Avacincaptad pegol Izervay	Complement System	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Avacincaptad pegol (Izervay) is a selective inhibitor targeting complement component C5, and is a pegylated ribonucleic acid aptamer. Avacincaptad pegol inhibits the cleavage of C5 into pro-inflammatory C5a and C5b, which forms the membrane attack complex (C5b-9), thereby reducing inflammatory cell recruitment and retinal cell damage. Avacincaptad pegol can slow the growth of geographic atrophy (GA) lesions and reduce the risk of persistent vision loss. Avacincaptad pegol can be used in research of geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and has been approved by the FDA .

DL-O-Phosphoserine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
DL-O-Phosphoserine is a normal metabolite in human biofluids and is a mixture of phosphoserine with two stereochemical structures (D-type and L-type O-phospho-serine). O-phospho-L-serine is a competitive inhibitor of serine racemase and phagocytosis. O-phospho-L-serine inhibits the enzymatic reaction by competing with the active site of serine racemase, thereby affecting the production of D-serine. O-phospho-L-serine also mimics the phosphatidylserine head group, binds to the phosphatidylserine receptor, interferes with phagocytic signal transduction, and partially blocks the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by cells. O-phospho-L-serin can be used in the research of retinal regeneration, bone repair, and insect growth and development .

WS3	Keap1-Nrf2	Inflammation/Immunology
WS3 is a novel proliferative molecule that promotes pancreatic β cell proliferation in rodent and human primary islets. WS3 can be used for the research of type 1 diabetes .

Dammarenediol II	OGT Akt mTOR GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis PARP MDM-2/p53	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Dammarenediol II is a ginsenoside precursor . Dammarenediol II reduces the activity of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and downregulates the global O-GlcNAcylation level. Dammarenediol II inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and GSK3β. Dammarenediol II inhibits human carboxylesterase activity, VEGF-induced ROS production, stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial cadherin disruption. Dammarenediol II promotes cell apoptosis (apoptosis), increases the levels of cleaved PARP1 and p53, and inhibits retinal microvascular leakage. Dammarenediol II can be used in studies related to liver cancer and diabetic retinopathy .

ZEB85	Trk Receptor ERK Akt p38 MAPK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
ZEB85 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TrkB. ZEB85 activates TrkB and its downstream cascades, including the ERK, PLCγ, AKT, MAPK signaling pathways and cFOS expression, and enhances neuronal activity. ZEB85 prevents β-amyloid toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. ZEB85 is applicable to the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .

PARP1-IN-33	PARP	Neurological Disease
PARP1-IN-33 (Example 6) is a PARP1 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 0.41 nM). PARP1-IN-33 has retinal cytoprotective effect, with an EC₅₀ of 0.02 nM (inhibition on MTS activity of H₂O₂ induced human retinal pigment epithelial cell) .

Fluoflavine ML-090	NADPH Oxidase	Neurological Disease
Fluoflavine (ML-090) is a selective NOX1 inhibitor and reactive oxygen species inhibitor. Fluoflavine reduces reactive oxygen species production, NOX1-mediated downstream signaling events, and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced retinal ganglion cell death. Fluoflavine inhibits NADPH oxidase activity and pathological retinal neovascularization induced by oxygen-induced retinopathy in the retinas of ischemic mice. Fluoflavine can be used in studies related to retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and proliferative retinopathy .

Xelafaslatide ONL-1204	Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Apoptosis Interleukin Related Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase	Neurological Disease
Xelafaslatide (ONL-1204) is a Fas receptor antagonist. Xelafaslatide blocks the Fas receptor signaling pathway and inhibits downstream apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Xelafaslatide suppresses neuroinflammation and microglial activation in glaucoma models, protects retinal ganglion cells and prevents axonal degeneration. Xelafaslatide is applicable to relevant research on glaucoma .

Ginsenoside Rh3 1 Publications Verification	Quinone Reductase Keap1-Nrf2	Inflammation/Immunology
Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in human retinal cells induces Nrf2 activation.

HIOC	Trk Receptor ERK Apoptosis	Neurological Disease
HIOC is a potent and selective activator of TrkB (tropomyosin related kinase B) receptor. HIOC can pass the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers.HIOC activates TrkB/ERK pathway and decreases neuronal cell apoptosis. HIOC attenuates early brain injury after SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage). HIOC shows protective activity in an animal model for light-induced retinal degeneration .

KUS121	p97	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
KUS121, a valosin-containing protein (VCP, p97) modulator with significant neuroprotective effects, attenuates ischemic retinal cell death via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress .

Vamikibart EBI-031	Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
Vamikibart (RG6179) is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 that can be used to inhibit uveal macular edema (UME) and reduce retinal leakage. Vamikibart can reduce anterior chamber (AC) cell density, indicating a reduction in intraocular inflammation. Vamikibart can also be used to assess the leakage dynamics of ultra-wide-angle fluorescein angiography (UWFA) in the UME model to quantify changes in retinal leakage reflecting the effect of UME inhibition .

DiBAC4(5)	Fluorescent Dye	Neurological Disease
DiBaC4(5) is a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye that can be used to monitor the transmembrane potentials when Papain-dissociated retinal cells from adult zebrafish were exposed to GABAergic ligands. DiBaC4(5) is a potential-sensitive fluorescence dye .

Brophenexin 3 Publications Verification NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2	iGluR TRP Channel ERK	Neurological Disease
Brophenexin (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. Brophenexin shows neuroprotective activity. Brophenexin prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC₅₀ of 2.1 μM. Brophenexin protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss .

YC-001	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
YC-001 is an inverse agonist and antagonist of rod opsin. YC-001 reversibly binds rod opsin and stabilizes the rod opsin structure. YC-001 protects mice from bright light-induced retinal degeneration. YC-001 has the potential for the research of retinal degeneration .

Perfluorohexyloctane NOV03; SHR8058	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Inflammation/Immunology
Perfluorohexyloctane (NOV03), a semifluorinated alkane, reduces tear film instability in Meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye disease. Perfluorohexyloctane is a long-term tamponade agent. Perfluorohexyloctane increases tear film breakup time and lipid layer thickness .

Pegsebrenatide NLY01	GCGR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Pegsebrenatide (NLY01) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant GLP-1R agonist. Pegsebrenatide alleviates retinal inflammation and neuronal death secondary to ocular hypertension . Pegsebrenatide significantly delays onset and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Pegsebrenatide inhibits the formation of A1 reactive astrocytes in nerve cells and reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells and dopaminergic neurons. Pegsebrenatide exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by directly preventing microglia-mediated conversion of astrocytes to the A1 neurotoxic phenotype. Pegsebrenatide can be used for research on glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis .

JP-153	Src FAK	Cardiovascular Disease
JP-153 is the Src-FAK-Paxillin signaling inhibitor. JP-153 inhibits Src-dependent phosphorylation of paxillin (Y118) and downstream activation of Akt (S473). JP-153 reduces VEGF-induced migration and proliferation in retinal endothelial cells. JP-153 can be uesd for the study of neovascular eye disease .

Ultevursen QR-421a	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog DNA/RNA Synthesis	Neurological Disease
Ultevursen (QR-421a) is a splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 13 of the USH2A gene, which restores the functional expression of Usherin protein by inducing exon skipping. Ultevursen binds to USH2A pre-mRNA and modulates the splicing process to specifically skip exon 13 carrying the pathogenic mutation c.2299delG, generating an in-frame transcript and a truncated yet functionally normal protein. Ultevursen exhibits concentration-dependent exon skipping activity in human cells and retinal organoid models, and restores Usherin expression and retinal function in zebrafish and gene-edited mouse models. Ultevursen can be used for related research on type 2 Usher syndrome and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa .

AG-012986	CDK Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
AG-012986 is a pan-CDK inhibitor with K_i values of 44 nM (CDK1), 9.2 nM (CDK4), 94 nM (CDK2), and IC50 values of 22 nM (CDK5), 4 nM (CDK9). AG-012986 causes apoptosis of T-cells by targeting upstream kinases in the p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and impairing cellular survival. AG-012986 induces cell cycle arrest, retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation, and reduces K_i-67 expression. AG-012986 exerts antiproliferative activity in tumor cells, demonstrates antitumor efficacy in human xenograft models, and causes retinal and peripheral neurotoxicity, plus immune cell toxicity. AG-012986 can be used for the research of colon carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, ovarian tumor, pancreatic carcinoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, retinotoxicity .

AZ 12216052 1 Publications Verification	mGluR	Neurological Disease
AZ 12216052 is a mGluR8 positive allosteric modulator, and helps mGluR8 modulate signaling inputing to retinal ganglion cells. AZ 12216052 exhibits antianxiety effect .

PB2	Influenza Virus	Neurological Disease
PB2 is a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) analogue increasing retinal ganglion (RGCs) cells survival after axotomy in vitro at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations. PB2 is substantially more permeable than TCEP. PB2, as a reducing agent, is highly neuroprotective for RGCs .

zr17-2	Keap1-Nrf2 Heme Oxygenase (HO)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
zr17-2 is a cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) agonist. zr17-2 has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant and can be used for the study of myocardial infarction. zr17-2 is a hypothermia mimetic molecule that reduces oxidative stress-induced retinal cell death .

Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside	Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is a quercetin derivative and plant flavonoid with antioxidant, antibacterial and antiurease effects. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside inhibits A2E photooxidation-induced RPE cell death. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is protective against retinal degeneration and protects against blue light (BL)-induced damage in RPE cells and mouse models .

Brophenexin free base 3 Publications Verification NMDAR/TRPM4-IN-2 free base	iGluR TRP Channel ERK	Neurological Disease
Brophenexin free base (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. Brophenexin free base shows neuroprotective activity. Brophenexin free base prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC₅₀ of 2.1 μM. Brophenexin free base protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss .

cis-Piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid is a non-specific antagonist of NMDA, AMPA and kainate ionotropic receptors and a partial agonist for NMDA receptors. Cis-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid can be used in blocking general excitatory synaptic transmissions .

CAY10502	Phospholipase	Inflammation/Immunology
CAY10502 is a potent, calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA₂α) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4.3 nM for isolated enzyme. CAY10502 can be used in the research of retinopathy and inflammatory diseases .

S-Ac7-DOg	Liposome mRNA	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
S-Ac7-DOG is a cationic lipid with biodegradability, low immunogenicity and high nucleic acid transfection capacity, which is commonly used to construct lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid molecule delivery. S-Ac7-DOG can bind to mRNA, microRNA and self-amplifying RNA through electrostatic interaction. Lipid nanoparticles formed by S-Ac7-DOG enter cells via an energy-dependent endocytic pathway, release nucleic acid cargos, induce antigen-specific CD8 ⁺ T cell responses, promote the generation of precursor memory T cells, and regulate neuroinflammatory pathways. S-Ac7-DOG can be used in the research of retinal diseases, neuroinflammation and cancer .

L-Tryptophanamide	Apoptosis	Others
L-Tryptophanamide is a compound discovered in wet age-related macular degeneration research, which has activities related to affecting retinal cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and angiogenesis. In in vitro experiments, L-Tryptophanamide affects the proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and promotes tube formation and migration of human retinal endothelial cells.

8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP	Ras	Cardiovascular Disease
8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP), an analog of cAMP, is an activator of exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP activates Epac1 (EC₅₀ = 2.2 μM), but not PKA (EC₅₀ >10 μM). 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP stimulates Epac-mediated Ca ²⁺ release in pancreatic β-cells in vitro. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP is a Rap1 activator. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP enhances the retinal pigment epithelium barrier against the pathological choroidal endothelial cell invasion that occurs in macular degeneration .

Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil	Glutathione Peroxidase Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil is a peroxidase. Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil is a potent antibacterial agent by catalyzing the H₂O₂-dependent oxidation of chloride anion to generate hypochlorous acid. Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil catalyzes the degradation of N-retinyl-idene-N-retinylethanolamine, a toxic form of retinal lipofuscin. Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil also triggers lysosomal stress and cell death. Myeloperoxidase, Human Neutrophil can be used for the researches of inflammation and infection .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D1092

DiBAC4(5)	Fluorescent Dyes
DiBaC4(5) is a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye that can be used to monitor the transmembrane potentials when Papain-dissociated retinal cells from adult zebrafish were exposed to GABAergic ligands. DiBaC4(5) is a potential-sensitive fluorescence dye .

HY-D3419

Neuro-DiO 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate

Fluorescent Dyes

Neuro-DiO 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate is a hydrophobic C₁₈ alkyl chain carbocyanine dye with green fluorescence, commonly used as a vascular marker, cell internalizer and deposition agent. Neuro-DiO 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate inserts its alkyl chain into the endothelial plasma membrane via liposome-mediated perfusion to achieve vascular labeling. Neuro-DiO chlorobenzenesulfonate can also stain the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cancer cells to assist in confocal microscopy observations. Neuro-DiO chlorobenzenesulfonate can be released from nanosponges and accumulate on the surface of mouse retina, then internalize into retinal ganglion cells, which is applicable to researches related to glaucoma and other diseases. It should be noted that during liposome-mediated vascular staining in mice, Neuro-DiO 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate may cause leakage of airway lavage fluid .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-Y0669

Pipecolic acid

2 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Pipecolic acid is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable metabolite of lysine with antioxidant, inhibitor, and inducer activity. Pipecolic acid modulates the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway, reduces retinal vascular tube formation, and mitigates ferroptosis. Pipecolic acid potentiates voltage-sensitive Ca ²⁺ channel currents and induces neuronal apoptosis. Pipecolic acid can be used for the research of diabetic retinopathy .

HY-112624I

Dextran T3 (MW 3,000)

Dextran 3; Dextran D3; Dextran T3(MW 2400-3600)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Dextran T3 (Dextran 3; Dextran T3(MW 2400-3600)) is a neural tracer and intestinal permeability probe that can move anterogradely and retrogradely in neuronal axons by passive diffusion. Dextran T3 (MW 3,000) is able to permeate across the intestinal epithelial cell membrane in the presence of cholera toxin-induced cytoskeletal disturbance. Dextran T3 (MW 3,000) is used as a fluorescent marker to rapidly label developing neurons (such as Xenopus retinal ganglion cells) and to assess intestinal barrier function. It can be used to study axonal transport in neuroanatomy and permeability changes in intestinal pathophysiology. The Dextran series of compounds are also natural polysaccharide drug carriers that can be connected to drugs through covalent bonding methods such as ester bonds, amide bonds or click chemistry, or self-assembled to form carriers such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. Dextran is biodegradable and biocompatible, and can achieve targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs. Dextran derivatives can prolong the half-life of drugs, increase local concentrations, and reduce the activity of immune clearance .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10227

Xelafaslatide ONL-1204	Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) Apoptosis Interleukin Related Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase	Neurological Disease
Xelafaslatide (ONL-1204) is a Fas receptor antagonist. Xelafaslatide blocks the Fas receptor signaling pathway and inhibits downstream apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Xelafaslatide suppresses neuroinflammation and microglial activation in glaucoma models, protects retinal ganglion cells and prevents axonal degeneration. Xelafaslatide is applicable to relevant research on glaucoma .

HY-P10019

Pegsebrenatide NLY01	GCGR	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Pegsebrenatide (NLY01) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrant GLP-1R agonist. Pegsebrenatide alleviates retinal inflammation and neuronal death secondary to ocular hypertension . Pegsebrenatide significantly delays onset and reduces disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis . Pegsebrenatide inhibits the formation of A1 reactive astrocytes in nerve cells and reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells and dopaminergic neurons. Pegsebrenatide exerts neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by directly preventing microglia-mediated conversion of astrocytes to the A1 neurotoxic phenotype. Pegsebrenatide can be used for research on glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis .

HY-P4859

Pyr-Gly Pyr-Gly-OH; H-Pyr-Gly-OH	Peptides	Others
Pyr-Gly is an inhibitory peptide. Pyr-Gly inhibits proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and fibroblasts .

HY-P10077

GL189	Beta-secretase	Neurological Disease
GL189 is a β-secretase inhibitor. GL189 has neuroprotective effect, and can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-P1384

L803	Somatostatin Receptor	Neurological Disease
L803 is a selective Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 4 (SST4) agonist. L803 inhibits L-type calcium channel currents (I_Ca). L803 is promising for research of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degenerative diseases (e.g., glaucoma) .

HY-P5169

LVGRQLEEFL (mouse)	Apolipoprotein Amino Acid Derivatives	Inflammation/Immunology
LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) can be named as G * peptide, corresponding to amino acids 113 to 122 in apolipoprotein J ([113,122] apoJ)}. LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) can be added to an apoJ mimetic, to form HM-10/10 peptide, which is a mimetic peptide and a novel chimeric high density lipoprotein. HM-10/10 peptide protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors from oxidant induced cell death .

HY-P5169A

LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA	Apolipoprotein Amino Acid Derivatives	Inflammation/Immunology
LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA can be named as G * peptide, corresponding to amino acids 113 to 122 in apolipoprotein J ([113,122] apoJ)}. LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. LVGRQLEEFL (mouse) TFA can be added to an apoJ mimetic, to form HM-10/10 peptide, which is a mimetic peptide and a novel chimeric high density lipoprotein. HM-10/10 peptide protects retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors from oxidant induced cell death .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P99116

Faricimab RG7716; RO-6867461	VEGFR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Faricimab, an overall good safety and tolerability profile, is a bispecific antibody targeting Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Faricimab prevents retinal vascular leakage, cell death and inflammation in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and sCNV mouse models. Faricimab demonstrates statistically superior visual acuity gains versus Ranibizumab (HY-P9951). Faricimab can be used for retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (w-AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (RVO) .

HY-P991413

ZEB85	Trk Receptor ERK Akt p38 MAPK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
ZEB85 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting TrkB. ZEB85 activates TrkB and its downstream cascades, including the ERK, PLCγ, AKT, MAPK signaling pathways and cFOS expression, and enhances neuronal activity. ZEB85 prevents β-amyloid toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. ZEB85 is applicable to the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .

HY-P990012

Vamikibart EBI-031	Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
Vamikibart (RG6179) is a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 that can be used to inhibit uveal macular edema (UME) and reduce retinal leakage. Vamikibart can reduce anterior chamber (AC) cell density, indicating a reduction in intraocular inflammation. Vamikibart can also be used to assess the leakage dynamics of ultra-wide-angle fluorescein angiography (UWFA) in the UME model to quantify changes in retinal leakage reflecting the effect of UME inhibition .

HY-P991886

ANX-M1 (Human IgG1)	Complement System	Neurological Disease
ANX-M1 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable anti-C1q antibody. ANX-M1 can slow down the progression of retinal degeneration following photo-oxidative damage. ANX-M1 has been incorporated into nanocarriers to evaluate its brain delivery efficacy in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. ANX-M1 is applicable for research on age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease ^[1] .

HY-P992422

NG004	Transmembrane Glycoprotein	Neurological Disease
NG004 is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting Nogo-A. NG004 reduces retinal Nogo-A levels, blocks the binding of the Nogo-A-receptor complex, and neutralizes the Nogo-A protein. NG004 can be used in studies related to diabetic retinopathy, stroke and acute spinal cord injury .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W004500

All-trans-retinal 3 Publications Verification	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Diterpenoids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
All-trans-retinal is an vitamin A metabolite in the retina, and is produced following photo-isomerization of the visual chromophore 11-cis-Retinal. All-trans-retinal is cleared from photoreceptors by ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA4) and all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH). All-trans-retinal induces Bax activation via DNA damage to mediate retinal cell apoptosis .

HY-N0428

Obacunone 4 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Rutaceae Plants Citrus Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis
Obacunone is a highly oxidized triterpenoid limonoid isolated from citrus plants. Obacunone exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Obacunone also protects retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage .

HY-N0637

Eriodictyol Maximum Cited Publications 13 Publications Verification Huazhongilexone	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Endogenous metabolite Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Flavonoids other families Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel
Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

HY-N0637A

(±)-Eriodictyol (±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin	Structural Classification Flavonoids Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Flavones Plants Source Classification	Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel
(±)-Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (±)-Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. (±)-Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. (±)-Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. (±)-Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

HY-W040045

Callistephin chloride 1 Publications Verification Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride	Anthocyans Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Rosaceae Other Diseases Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Apoptosis
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis .

HY-N0819

Raddeanin A 1 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis PI3K Akt ERK mTOR Wnt β-catenin Wee1 JNK VEGFR CDK
Raddeanin A is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with oral activity. Raddeanin A inhibits SRC, mTOR, JNK, VEGFR2, NLRP3 inflammasome, Wnt/β-catenin, Wee1, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, AR-FL, AR-Vs, and downregulates the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Raddeanin A inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, osteolysis, cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production, immunogenic cell death and dendritic cell maturation. Raddeanin A improves blood-retinal barrier function, alleviates inflammation, regulates the tumor microenvironment, and enhances the activity of anti-PD-1 antibody. Raddeanin A is applicable to the research of breast cancer-associated osteolysis, human osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, cholangiocarcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer and multiple myeloma .

HY-14608R

L-Glutamic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Disease markers Endocrine diseases Amino acids Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Cancer Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite iGluR Ferroptosis Apoptosis
L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases . IC₅₀ & Target:DA . In Vitro: L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus . L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma . In Vivo: L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice . L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats .

HY-15130

DL-O-Phosphoserine	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
DL-O-Phosphoserine is a normal metabolite in human biofluids and is a mixture of phosphoserine with two stereochemical structures (D-type and L-type O-phospho-serine). O-phospho-L-serine is a competitive inhibitor of serine racemase and phagocytosis. O-phospho-L-serine inhibits the enzymatic reaction by competing with the active site of serine racemase, thereby affecting the production of D-serine. O-phospho-L-serine also mimics the phosphatidylserine head group, binds to the phosphatidylserine receptor, interferes with phagocytic signal transduction, and partially blocks the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by cells. O-phospho-L-serin can be used in the research of retinal regeneration, bone repair, and insect growth and development .

HY-N3677

Dammarenediol II	Triterpenes Structural Classification other families Boswellia freerana Terpenoids Plants Source Classification	OGT Akt mTOR GSK-3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis PARP MDM-2/p53
Dammarenediol II is a ginsenoside precursor . Dammarenediol II reduces the activity of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and downregulates the global O-GlcNAcylation level. Dammarenediol II inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and GSK3β. Dammarenediol II inhibits human carboxylesterase activity, VEGF-induced ROS production, stress fiber formation and vascular endothelial cadherin disruption. Dammarenediol II promotes cell apoptosis (apoptosis), increases the levels of cleaved PARP1 and p53, and inhibits retinal microvascular leakage. Dammarenediol II can be used in studies related to liver cancer and diabetic retinopathy .

HY-N0606

Ginsenoside Rh3 1 Publications Verification	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Quinone Reductase Keap1-Nrf2
Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in human retinal cells induces Nrf2 activation.

HY-124717

YC-001	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
YC-001 is an inverse agonist and antagonist of rod opsin. YC-001 reversibly binds rod opsin and stabilizes the rod opsin structure. YC-001 protects mice from bright light-induced retinal degeneration. YC-001 has the potential for the research of retinal degeneration .

HY-N11499

Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside	Structural Classification Flavonols Flavonoids Plants Sapotaceae Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. Source Classification	Bacterial
Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is a quercetin derivative and plant flavonoid with antioxidant, antibacterial and antiurease effects. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside inhibits A2E photooxidation-induced RPE cell death. Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside is protective against retinal degeneration and protects against blue light (BL)-induced damage in RPE cells and mouse models .

HY-N0428R

Obacunone (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Rutaceae Plants Citrus Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis
Obacunone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Obacunone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Obacunone is a highly oxidized triterpenoid limonoid isolated from citrus plants. Obacunone exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Obacunone also protects retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage .

HY-W040045R

Callistephin chloride (Standard) Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard)	Anthocyans Flavonoids Rosaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Source Classification	Reference Standards Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) COX NO Synthase p38 MAPK Apoptosis TNF Receptor
Callistephin (Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Callistephin chloride (HY-W040045). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Callistephin chloride is an anthocyanin. Callistephin chloride regulates the expression of inflammatory (reducing iNOS/TNF-α/COX-2) and apoptosis-related proteins by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, and enhances the protective effect of Isoflurane (HY-A0134) on microglial cell damage. Callistephin chloride significantly reduces ROS levels, eliminates DPPH free radicals, protects retinal pigment epithelial cells, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Callistephin chloride can alleviate glutamate excitotoxicity, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and protect cerebellar granule neurons. Callistephin chloride can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.

HY-N8178

(R)-(4′-Hydroxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromanone	Cardiovascular Disease other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Others
(R)-(4′-Hydroxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromanone, a homoisoflavonoid, has antiangiogenic activity against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells .

HY-N0606R

Ginsenoside Rh3 (Standard)	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Plants Araliaceae Source Classification	Reference Standards Keap1-Nrf2
Ginsenoside Rh3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ginsenoside Rh3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Ginsenoside Rg5. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in human retinal cells induces Nrf2 activation.

HY-N0819R

Raddeanin A (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification other families Terpenoids Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Apoptosis PI3K Akt ERK mTOR Wnt β-catenin Wee1 JNK VEGFR CDK
Raddeanin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Raddeanin A (HY-N0819). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Raddeanin A is an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with oral activity. Raddeanin A inhibits SRC, mTOR, JNK, VEGFR2, NLRP3 inflammasome, Wnt/β-catenin, Wee1, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, AR-FL, AR-Vs, and downregulates the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Raddeanin A inhibits osteoclast formation, bone resorption, osteolysis, cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production, immunogenic cell death and dendritic cell maturation. Raddeanin A improves blood-retinal barrier function, alleviates inflammation, regulates the tumor microenvironment, and enhances the activity of anti-PD-1 antibody. Raddeanin A is applicable to the research of breast cancer-associated osteolysis, human osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, cholangiocarcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer and multiple myeloma.

HY-N0637AR

(±)-Eriodictyol (Standard) (±)-Huazhongilexone (Standard); Dihydroluteolin (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Flavones Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Melanocortin Receptor TRP Channel
3-Chlorobenzoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Chlorobenzoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Eriodictyol ((±)-Huazhongilexone; Dihydroluteolin) is an orally active TRPV1 receptor antagonist (IC₅₀=44-47 nM, rTRPV1) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (±)-Eriodictyol effectively inhibits lipid peroxidation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by specifically antagonizing the TRPV1 receptor and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. (±)-Eriodictyol reduces the levels of ICAM-1, VEGF, eNOS and TNF-α in the retina and maintains the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. (±)-Eriodictyol alleviates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and hyperalgesia, enhances the activity and cytotoxicity of immune cells (such as B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages), and increases the levels of antioxidant enzymes simultaneously. (±)-Eriodictyol can be used in the research of diabetic retinopathy, acute lung injury and various pain-related diseases .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-W654334

9-cis-Retinol-d5
9-cis-Retinol-d₅ is deuterium labeled 9-cis Retinol (HY-W587806). 9-cis Retinol is a precursor of 9-cis-Retinal (HY-W009310). 9-cis Retinol can inhibit 9-cis-Retinoic acid (HY-15128) synthesis in Hep G2 cells .

HY-B0636S1

Triamcinolone acetonide-13C3

Triamcinolone acetonide- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled Triamcinolone acetonide (HY-B0636). Triamcinolone acetonide inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. Triamcinolone acetonide reduces chondrocyte viability and leads to cartilage destruction. Triamcinolone acetonide activates macrophage with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Triamcinolone acetonide can be used in the study of diseases such as atopic dermatitis .

HY-122129S

Dotriaconta-14,17,20,23,26,29-hexaenoic acid-d6

Dotriaconta-14,17,20,23,26,29-hexaenoic acid-d₆ is deuterium labeled Dotriaconta-14,17,20,23,26,29-hexaenoic acid. Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFA) are present in retina, sperm, and brain. Though little is known of their biosynthesis or functional roles in these tissues, recent studies using the elongation of very long-chain FA-4 protein suggest a unique role for VLCPUFA in retinal development and macular degeneration. Dotriaconta-14,17,20,23,26,29-hexaenoic acid is a C32:6 VLCPUFA whose specific biological actions are largely unknown, but are thought to involve normal photoreceptor cell function in the retina .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-151872

HDAC-IN-48		Alkynes
HDAC-IN-48 is a potent HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-48 is a hybrid molecule with great cytotoxic profile (GI₅₀~20 nM). HDAC-IN-48 consists of harmacophores of SAHA and CETZOLE molecules. HDAC-IN-48 induces ferroptosis and inhibits HDAC proteins . HDAC-IN-48 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-148457

Avacincaptad pegol Izervay		Aptamers
Avacincaptad pegol (Izervay) is a selective inhibitor targeting complement component C5, and is a pegylated ribonucleic acid aptamer. Avacincaptad pegol inhibits the cleavage of C5 into pro-inflammatory C5a and C5b, which forms the membrane attack complex (C5b-9), thereby reducing inflammatory cell recruitment and retinal cell damage. Avacincaptad pegol can slow the growth of geographic atrophy (GA) lesions and reduce the risk of persistent vision loss. Avacincaptad pegol can be used in research of geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and has been approved by the FDA .

HY-147412

Ultevursen QR-421a		Antisense Oligonucleotides
Ultevursen (QR-421a) is a splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 13 of the USH2A gene, which restores the functional expression of Usherin protein by inducing exon skipping. Ultevursen binds to USH2A pre-mRNA and modulates the splicing process to specifically skip exon 13 carrying the pathogenic mutation c.2299delG, generating an in-frame transcript and a truncated yet functionally normal protein. Ultevursen exhibits concentration-dependent exon skipping activity in human cells and retinal organoid models, and restores Usherin expression and retinal function in zebrafish and gene-edited mouse models. Ultevursen can be used for related research on type 2 Usher syndrome and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa .

HY-177531

S-Ac7-DOg		Cationic Lipids
S-Ac7-DOG is a cationic lipid with biodegradability, low immunogenicity and high nucleic acid transfection capacity, which is commonly used to construct lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid molecule delivery. S-Ac7-DOG can bind to mRNA, microRNA and self-amplifying RNA through electrostatic interaction. Lipid nanoparticles formed by S-Ac7-DOG enter cells via an energy-dependent endocytic pathway, release nucleic acid cargos, induce antigen-specific CD8 ⁺ T cell responses, promote the generation of precursor memory T cells, and regulate neuroinflammatory pathways. S-Ac7-DOG can be used in the research of retinal diseases, neuroinflammation and cancer .

HY-158820

Cosdosiran 1 Publications Verification QPI-1007		siRNAs siRNA drugs
Cosdosiran is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.

HY-147412A

Ultevursen sodium QR-421a sodium		Antisense Oligonucleotides
Ultevursen sodium (QR-421a) is a splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 13 of the USH2A gene, which restores the functional expression of Usherin protein by inducing exon skipping. Ultevursen sodium binds to USH2A pre-mRNA and modulates the splicing process to specifically skip exon 13 carrying the pathogenic mutation c.2299delG, generating an in-frame transcript and a truncated yet functionally normal protein. Ultevursen sodium exhibits concentration-dependent exon skipping activity in human cells and retinal organoid models, and restores Usherin expression and retinal function in zebrafish and gene-edited mouse models. Ultevursen sodium can be used for related research on type 2 Usher syndrome and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa .

HY-174773

Human BTC mRNA		mRNA
Human BTC mRNA encodes the human betacellulin (BTC) protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. BTC promotes pancreatic cell proliferation and insulin secretion, as well as retinal vascular permeability.

HY-158820A

Cosdosiran sodium 1 Publications Verification QPI-1007 sodium		siRNAs siRNA drugs
Cosdosiran sodium is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.

HY-147412E

Cy3 labled Ultevursen sodium		Antisense Oligonucleotides
Cy3 labled Ultevursen sodium is a Cy3 labled Ultevursen sodium (HY-147412A). Ultevursen sodium (QR-421a) is a splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 13 of the USH2A gene, which restores the functional expression of Usherin protein by inducing exon skipping. Ultevursen sodium binds to USH2A pre-mRNA and modulates the splicing process to specifically skip exon 13 carrying the pathogenic mutation c.2299delG, generating an in-frame transcript and a truncated yet functionally normal protein. Ultevursen sodium exhibits concentration-dependent exon skipping activity in human cells and retinal organoid models, and restores Usherin expression and retinal function in zebrafish and gene-edited mouse models. Ultevursen sodium can be used for related research on type 2 Usher syndrome and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa .

HY-147412D

FAM labled Ultevursen sodium		Antisense Oligonucleotides
FAM labled Ultevursen sodiumis a FAM labled Ultevursen sodium (HY-147412A). Ultevursen sodium (QR-421a) is a splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotide targeting exon 13 of the USH2A gene, which restores the functional expression of Usherin protein by inducing exon skipping. Ultevursen sodium binds to USH2A pre-mRNA and modulates the splicing process to specifically skip exon 13 carrying the pathogenic mutation c.2299delG, generating an in-frame transcript and a truncated yet functionally normal protein. Ultevursen sodium exhibits concentration-dependent exon skipping activity in human cells and retinal organoid models, and restores Usherin expression and retinal function in zebrafish and gene-edited mouse models. Ultevursen sodium can be used for related research on type 2 Usher syndrome and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa .

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