Cancer Stem Cells

Balsalazide is a prodrug of amino salicylic acid that releases mesalamine (HY-15027) in the colon, offering various anti-inflammatory effects in areas of colitis, and it also exerts related anticancer effects by regulating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.

N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (GALNT1) is a glycosyltransferase that initiates mucin-type O-glycosylation by transferring α-GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues in proteins. Overexpression of N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 in gastric cancer can promote abnormal O-glycosylation of CD44, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and regulating the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 plays a crucial role in cancer growth and metastasis by modifying the O-glycosylation of various glycoproteins, such as mucin (MUC1), osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14), and integrin α3.

DHC-156 is a selective Brachyury downregulator. DHC-156 induces post-translational downregulation via covalent binding and exerts pre-translational inhibition through autoregulation, independent of proteasome- or lysosome-dependent degradation pathways. DHC-156 can be used in chordoma-related research.

DS89002333 is an orally active and potent PRKACA inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.3 nM. DS89002333 shows good anti-tumor activity in an FL-HCC patient-derived xenograft model (expressing the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene). DS89002333 can be used in study of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC).

Tauroursodeoxycholate-d₄ (sodium) is the deuterium labeled Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium. Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA) sodium is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor. Tauroursodeoxycholate significantly reduces expression of apoptosis molecules, such as caspase-3 and caspase-12. Tauroursodeoxycholate also inhibits ERK.

Bullatine A, a diterpenoid alkaloid, is a potent P2X7 antagonist. Bullatine A possesses anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. Bullatine A inhibits ATP-induced BV-2 cell death/apoptosis and P2X receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. Bullatine A suppresses glioma cell growth by targeting SIRT6. Bullatine A specifically attenuates pain hypersensitivity in rats. Bullatine A attenuates LPS (HY-D1056)-induced systemic inflammatory response by inhibiting the ROS/JNK/NF-κB pathway in mice. Bullatine A improves despair behavior in Chronic chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mice. Bullatine A can be used for the study of inflammation, glioblastoma (GBM) and depression.

6-Bnz-cAMP sodium, a derivative of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is a selective PKA activator with inhibitory activity against the bTREK-1 K⁺ channel. 6-Bnz-cAMP sodium does not activate the Epac signaling pathway. It inhibits the bTREK-1 K⁺ channel via a voltage-independent, ATP-dependent mechanism that is independent of the PKA/Epac/calmodulin kinase/MAP kinase pathway. 6-Bnz-cAMP sodium activates CREB phosphorylation to regulate osteoblast-specific gene expression, induces osteoblast differentiation, promotes extracellular matrix mineralization, supports osteoblast proliferation, and shows no cytotoxicity toward osteoblasts. It can be used in studies related to bone tissue repair and regeneration.

Zederone is a sesquiterpene. Zederone inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation through mTOR/p70s6K signalling pathway. Zederone inhibits CYP activities with IC₅₀s of 2.9 μM (CYP2B6), 9.2 μM (CYP2C9), 11,2 μM (CYP2C19) and >30 μM (CYP1A2 and CYP2D6). Zederone is hepatotoxic with LD₅₀ value at 24 hours in mice of approximately 223 mg/kg and cytotoxic against the KG1a cell line. Zederone shows antibacterial activity against a number of multi-drug resistant and Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Zederone shows cognition improving capacity and assists in the modulation of gut bacterial dysbiosis.

Pheophytin a is a multi-target inhibitor, anticancer agent, antioxidant and antiviral agent. Pheophytin a directly binds to and inhibits HCV-NS3/4A protease (IC₅₀=0.89 μM) to block viral replication. Pheophytin a also scavenges free radicals, reduces ferric ions, and exhibits cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. Pheophytin a effectively inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, NOS2 and COX-2, as well as various pro-inflammatory cytokines, by downregulating the transcription levels of inflammatory mediators and blocking the ERK1/2 and STAT-1 pathways. In a low nerve growth factor environment, Pheophytin a also enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation and synergistically promotes neurite outgrowth through MAPK pathway. Pheophytin a can be used to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases including chronic hepatitis C, sepsis, breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Asiaticoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Asiaticoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Asiaticoside, a trisaccaride triterpene from Centella asiatica, suppresses TGF-β/Smad signaling through inducing Smad7 and inhibiting TGF-βRI and TGF-βRII in keloid fibroblasts; Asiaticoside shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer properties.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an oxidized forms of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in mammalian DNA. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is produced from 5mC in an enzymatic pathway involving three 5mC oxidases, Ten-eleven translocation (TET)1, TET2, and TET3. The conversion of 5mC into 5hmC can be the first step in a pathway leading towards DNA demethylation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with gene transcription and frequently used as a mark to investigate dynamic DNA methylation conversion during mammalian development. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s) and hematological malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes).

NADI-351 is an orally active and potent Notch1 inhibitor that selectively disrupts Notch1 transcription complexes and reduces Notch1 recruitment to target genes. NADI-351 can be utilized in cancer research.

Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (GMP) is the GMP level of Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (HY-13418). GMP guidelines are used to produce Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (GMP). GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell research manufacture. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (GMP) is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive AMPK inhibitor. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (GMP) can be used for the research of induced differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs).

Pirfenidone-d₅ (AMR69-d₅) is a deuterium labeled Pirfenidone. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent that attenuates CCL2 and CCL12 production in fibrocyte cells. Pirfenidone has growth-inhibitory effect and reduces TGF-β2 protein levels in human glioma cell lines. Pirfenidone also has anti-inflammatory activities.

XAV-939 (GMP) is XAV-939 (HY-15347) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. XAV-939 is a tankyrase inhibitor.

MS181 is a BMI1 and RING1B degrader with antiproliferative activity. MS181 induces degradation via an EED-, CRBN-, and ubiquitin-proteosome system-dependent pathway, with preferential targeting over PRC2 components. MS181 acts in VHL-defective cancer cells. MS181 serves as a chemical biology tool to study PRC1 roles in cancer. MS181 can be used for the research of myelogenous leukemia, renal cell carcinoma, metastatic prostate cancer, triple negative breast cancer.

Vevorisertib (ARQ 751) is an orally active allosteric AKT inhibitor that blocks AKT phosphorylation. Vevorisertib inhibits tumor cell proliferation through Cyclin D1 and Ki67. Vevorisertib inhibits liver fibrosis through collagen accumulation, alpha-SMA, COL1, and TGF-beta. Vevorisertib reduces total bilirubin. Vevorisertib significantly reduces tumor size in a cirrhotic rat HCC model. Vevorisertib can be used for research on hepatocellular carcinoma.

IWP-3 is a Wnt production inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 40 nM. IWP-3 also acts as a CK1δ inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 1.89 μM against rat full-length CK1δ. IWP-3 inhibits the function of Porcupine (Porcn), thereby blocking the palmitoylation of Wnt proteins, suppressing the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, reducing the proliferative capacity of cancer cells, promoting the differentiation of mesoderm into cardiomyocytes and increasing cardiomyocyte yield. IWP-3 reduces embryonic cell division, alters the cell movement along the anterior-posterior axis of embryos, and causes embryonic shortening. IWP-3 can be used in studies related to cancers such as pancreatic cancer.

Disitertide (P144) is a peptidic transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor specifically designed to block the interaction with its receptor. Disitertide (P144) is also a PI3K inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer.

DK419 is a potent and orally active Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 0.19 μM. DK419 reduces protein lelvels of Axin2, β-catenin, c-Myc, Cyclin D1 and Survivin and induces production of pAMPK.