2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0356
    (-)-Catechin gallate
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    (-)-Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins. (-)-Catechin gallate inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
    (-)-Catechin gallate
  • HY-N0894
    Octahydrocurcumin
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    Octahydrocurcumin (Hexahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin) is an orally active anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent, and is the final hydrogenated metabolite of Curcumin (HY-N0005) in vivo. Octahydrocurcumin exerts its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects by inducing the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and inhibiting the TAK1-NF-κB-COX-2 pathway, respectively.
    Octahydrocurcumin
  • HY-14654S
    Aspirin-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    Aspirin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Aspirin (HY-14654). Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin induces apoptosis. Aspirin inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N2440
    Gypenoside A
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Gypenoside A is an orally active triterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside A has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Gypenoside A also has a certain protective effect on cardiomyocytes and can inhibit apoptosis. Gypenoside A can be used in the research of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation-related diseases.
    Gypenoside A
  • HY-W1000105
    Geranial
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Geranial is an aromatic compound. It can be isolated from the fruits of Litsea cubeba Lour and the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Geranial inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/3 and IκB in macrophages. It suppresses the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the expression of pro-IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. Geranial increases ROS. It can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases.
    Geranial
  • HY-14445
    FK 3311
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    FK 3311 (COX-2 Inhibitor V) is a selective inhibitor of COX-2 with antiinflammatory agent.
    FK 3311
  • HY-107416
    RHC 80267
    		Inhibitor 99.41%
    RHC 80267 (U-57908) is a potent and selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) (with IC50 of 4 μM in canine platelets). RHC-80267 inhibits cholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 4 μM, thereby enhancing the relaxation evoked by acetylcholine. RHC 80267 also inhibits COX and the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC).
    RHC 80267
  • HY-N0523S
    Gallic acid-d2
    		99.59%
    Gallic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Gallic acid. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-128463
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone
  • HY-Y0694
    2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Resacetophenone) is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'. 2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone involves in a practical CsHCO3-mediated alkylation that efficiently provide 4-alkylated products with excellent regioselectivity, good isolated yields and a broad substrate scope. 2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone is a plant metabolite.
    2',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone
  • HY-114200
    Imrecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    Imrecoxib (BAP-909) is a novel and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 18 nM, it also inhibits COX1- activity with an IC50 value of 115 nM. Imrecoxib (BAP-909) has anti-inflammatory effect.
    Imrecoxib
  • HY-N7688
    Regaloside B
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    Regaloside B is a phenylpropane. Regaloside B can be isolated from Lilium longiflorum. Regaloside B can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1, iNOS, and COX-2, with a p-p65/p-65 ratio. Regaloside B inhibits the mRNA of various chemokines and angiogenic factors (CXCL9, CXCL10, IL8, IDO). Regaloside B has anti-inflammatory activity. Regaloside B can be used for osteogenic differentiation research.
    Regaloside B
  • HY-N0631
    Cornuside
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside with anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Cornuside exerts anti-allergic activity by downregulating the p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, and inhibits IgE-mediated histamine release from mast cells. Cornuside improves cognitive impairment in mice by inhibiting BACE1 activity (IC50 = 55.84 μg/mL) and enhancing ChAT activity. Cornuside inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory mediators, including iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by suppressing NF-κB activation.
    Cornuside
  • HY-B0531
    Triflusal
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    Triflusal is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier-permeable dual Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)/cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Triflusal inhibits platelet aggregation, NF-κB activation, iNOS activity, and prostaglandin synthesis in ischaemic tissue. Triflusal stimulates neutrophil nitric oxide production, eNOS protein expression, and cNOS activity. Triflusal alleviates cerebral ischemic injury in rats and ameliorates pathological lesions and related gene expression in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease models. Triflusal can be used for the research of thromboembolic/ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease.
    Triflusal
  • HY-N5064
    Bacoside A3
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Bacoside A3 is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri. Bacoside A3 has neuroprotective activity, downregulating β-amyloid-induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Bacoside A3 can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Bacoside A3
  • HY-17509
    Deracoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    Deracoxib (SC 046; SC 59046), an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, is a veterinary nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used exclusively in dogs. Deracoxib inhibits the COX-2 enzyme to reduce the production of prostaglandins, effectively controlling pain and inflammation after canine soft tissue surgery. Deracoxib reduces the inhibition of COX-1 and lowers the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Deracoxib induces tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and shows anti-tumor activity in canine osteosarcoma, breast tumors and bladder transitional cell carcinomas.
    Deracoxib
  • HY-N0523A
    Gallic acid hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid hydrate
  • HY-W031757
    Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid is an orally active anthraquinone compound and Antibacterial agent. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid can be isolated from Bajitian. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the activation of DPP-IV, COX-2, NF-κB and AP-1. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid blocks IAV-induced activation of the RIG-I/STAT1 pathway, alleviates IAV-mediated weight loss, and protects against lethal IAV infection. Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid inhibits the growth of various Staphylococcus strains. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic and antibacterial activities.\n
    Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid
  • HY-B1398
    Ampyrone
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    Ampyrone (4-Aminophenazone; 4-Aminoantipyrine) is a reversible and low-damage optical clearing agent and non-selective COX inhibitor based on UV absorption properties. Ampyrone can improve the optical transmittance of mouse skin and other tissues. Ampyrone can induce tissue refractive index matching by enhancing UV absorption, reduce light scattering, and achieve tissue transparency in vivo. Ampyrone reduces the synthesis of prostaglandin PGE2, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ampyrone inhibits DNA damage, cell apoptosis and immune cell phagocytosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) and Cisplatin (HY-17394), etc., and participates in the regulation of toxicity in tumor chemotherapy.
    Ampyrone
  • HY-B0568R
    Deferiprone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deferiprone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferiprone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study.
    Deferiprone (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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