SIRT3 Activator

Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD⁺ precursor, increases NAD⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.

Ganoderic acid D, a highly oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid, is the major active component of Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderic acid D upregulates the protein expression of SIRT3 and induces the deacetylated cyclophilin D (CypD) by SIRT3. Ganoderic acid D inhibits the energy reprogramming of colon cancer cells including glucose uptake, lactate production, pyruvate and acetyl-coenzyme production in colon cancer cells. Ganoderic acid D induces HeLa human cervical carcinoma apoptosis.

Tetramethyluric acid (1,3,7,9-Tetramethyluric acid) is an orally active purine alkaloid in Coffea species and Camellia kucha. Tetramethyluric acid exhibits antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity. Tetramethyluric acid can be used for the research of inflammation disease, and influenza virus infection.

5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a phenolic lipid component, is also an orally active mitochondrial protector. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol improves mitochondrial function via sirtuin3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates endothelial cell damage and apoptosis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol induces sirtuin3-mediated autophagy. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol reduces the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root region of mice heart. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol can be used for research of atherosclerosis prevention and obesity.

SIRT3 activator 2 (compound 2a) is a SIRT3 activator. SIRT3 activator 2 improved the thermal stability of SIRT3 in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that it can directly bind to SIRT3, has SIRT3 dependency in SH-SY5Y to clear α-Syn. SIRT3 activator 2 improves motor function in Parkinson mice, preventing Parkinson (DA) neuron loss in the substantia nigra in a dose-dependent manner.

Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD⁺ precursor, increases NAD⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Nicotinamide riboside tartrate, an orally active NAD⁺ precursor, increases NAD⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside tartrate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Nicotinamide riboside, an orally active NAD⁺ precursor, increases NAD⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Nicotinamide riboside reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.