Ac-YVAD-cmk
Based on 37 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Ac-YVAD-cmk (Caspase-1 Inhibitor II) is a selective caspase-1 (IL-1beta converting enzyme, ICE)) inhibitor with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Ac-YVAD-cmk effectively suppresses the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Ac-YVAD-cmk inhibits pyroptosis in many diseases.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.63%
- CAS No.: 178603-78-6
- Formula: C24H33ClN4O8
- Molecular Weight:540.99
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Storage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Apoptosis Compound Library
HY-L003
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Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library
HY-L007
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Pyroptosis Compound Library
HY-L059
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Neuroprotective Compound Library
HY-L070
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Antidepressant Compound Library
HY-L108
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Pain-Related Compound Library
HY-L139
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Protease Inhibitor Library
HY-L147
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Highly Selective Inhibitors Library
HY-L158
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Bioactive Compound Library Max
HY-L181
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MCE Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001V
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Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001
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High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L205
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Ac-YVAD-cmk
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2024 Feb 22;12(1):11. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 May 27. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 Jun 8:74:103225. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug 11:e01041. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2025 Sep 26. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2025 Nov 20:389:114450. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Mar 20;23(1):146. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jun 18:145:157011. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2024 Mar 8;10(1):122. [Abstract]
- EMBO J. 2024 Nov;43(22):5469-5493. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Jul 26;44(8):116076. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Mar 29;44(4):115479. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Apr 10. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Aug 27;73(34):21296-21308. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Aug 17:116496. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Jun 7:161:115025. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Feb 15:128:111537. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2025 Dec 18:521:154376. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2023 Jan 30;28(3):1312. [Abstract]
- Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2025 Jul 28;33(3):101542. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2025 May 13;21(5):e1013167. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2025 Sep 16:18:12883-12908. [Abstract]
- Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Jun 17;32(6):1051-1057. [Abstract]
- Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 Dec 17;31(12):1418-1425. [Abstract]
- mSphere. 2025 Nov 25;10(11):e0068125. [Abstract]
- Viruses. 2025 Nov 12;17(11):1492. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2025 Aug 22;1870(8):159683. [Abstract]
- J Leukoc Biol. 2023 Oct 26;114(5):443-458. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Aug:178:113886. [Abstract]
- BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2026 May 21. [Abstract]
- Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 12;11(12):643. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026 Feb 12:800:153270. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 19.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Aug 6.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 23.
Customer Validation & Images
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ELISA
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WB
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IF
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Histological Imaging/Staining
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IF
All Caspase Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Caspase-1 |
Ac-YVAD-cmk (rats with ac-YVAD-cmk at a dose of 12.5 μmol/kg) significantly reduces mortality from 83 to 33% using Log Rank analysis[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 178603-78-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 540.99
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Formula C24H33ClN4O8
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC1=CC=C(C[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C)C(N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(CCl)=O)=O)=O)C(C)C)=O)C=C1
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Synonyms
Caspase-1 Inhibitor II
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (37)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Selective depletion of tumor-associated SAMHD1 enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy and antitumor immune responses. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15;10(1):406. PMID: 41392286 -
Bone Res
Interorgan communication in neurogenic heterotopic ossification: the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]2024 Feb 22;12(1):11. PMID: 38383487
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Feb 22;12(1):11. [Abstract]
Immunofluorescence staining of N-GSDMD in fibroblasts incubated with plasma EVs, BEVs, plasma EV-depleted BEVs or BEVs plus a CASPASE-1 inhibitor (Ac-YVAD-cmk, 1 mg/mL) for 24 h. Scale bar, 10 μm.
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Feb 22;12(1):11. [Abstract]
Ac-YVAD-cmk (1 μg/rat three times per week) inhibited pyroptosis and prevented NHO development in rats. Schematic and micro-CT images (scale bars, 5 mm) and H&E staining images (scale bars, 100 μm) of heterotopic calcification in the Achilles tendon 3 weeks after surgery.
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Res. 2024 Feb 22;12(1):11. [Abstract]
Ac-YVAD-cmk (1 μg/rat three times per week). Representative confocal images of Achilles tendons stained with α-SMA (green), N-GSDMD (red) and DAPI (blue) in the rat tendons 3 days after surgery. Scale bars, 100 μm.
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Nat Commun
African swine fever virus B66L drives extracellular mitochondrial release to promote systemic inflammation in mice. [Abstract]2026 May 27. PMID: 42203763 -
Nat Commun
Mast cells boost anti-tumor potency of MAIT cells via inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-18. [Abstract]2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. PMID: 40603850
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. [Abstract]
The concentration of IL-18 in cell culture supernatants of MCs after stimulation with or without LPS and Nig in the presence or absence of Ac-YVAD-cmk (50 μM/mL).
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. [Abstract]
Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates of LUVA cell line after stimulation with or without LPS and Nig in the presence or absence of Ac-YVAD-cmk (50 μM/mL).
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Redox Biol
FAM3A plays a key role in protecting against tubular cell pyroptosis and acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2024 Jun 8:74:103225. PMID: 38875957 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Melatonin Modulates Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming via Targeting G6PD to Alleviate Lead-Induced Hepatocytes Pyroptosis in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). [Abstract]2025 Aug 11:e01041. PMID: 40788223 -
Cell Death Differ
Epithelial MST1 deficiency promotes pyroptosis and aggravates inflammatory bowel disease via the YAP/p73 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26. PMID: 41006633 -
J Control Release
Inducing potent ferroptosis in cancer cells by manipulation of ferritinophagy with a ferritin-targeted ATTEC. [Abstract]2025 Nov 20:389:114450. PMID: 41274571 -
Cell Commun Signal
Induction of LY6E regulates interleukin-1β production, potentially contributing to the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. [Abstract]2025 Mar 20;23(1):146. PMID: 40114200 -
Phytomedicine
The protective mechanism of Hydroxysafflor yellow A for the treatment of stroke - heart - syndrome via activating the ZBP1-NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun 18:145:157011. PMID: 40602292 -
Cell Death Discov
2024 Mar 8;10(1):122. PMID: 38458999 -
EMBO J
The human disease-associated gene ZNFX1 controls inflammation through inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]2024 Nov;43(22):5469-5493. PMID: 39333773 -
Cell Rep
The Hippo pathway kinase MST1 mediates a feedback loop to maintain NLRP3 inflammasome homeostasis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 26;44(8):116076. PMID: 40716062 -
Cell Rep
Pyroptosis of pulmonary fibroblasts and macrophages through NLRC4 inflammasome leads to acute respiratory failure. [Abstract]2025 Mar 29;44(4):115479. PMID: 40158217 -
J Med Chem
2025 Apr 10. PMID: 40207383 -
J Agric Food Chem
β-Hydroxybutyric Acid-Induced Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis via Activating P2X7R. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27;73(34):21296-21308. PMID: 40742321 -
Biochem Pharmacol
NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the development of the pro-fibrotic phenotype of lung fibroblasts. [Abstract]2024 Aug 17:116496. PMID: 39159876 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Caspase-8-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation exacerbates bronchopulmonary dysplasia by increasing the apoptosis and pyroptosis crosstalk of alveolar epithelial cells. [Abstract]2025 Jun 7:161:115025. PMID: 40483833 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) facilitates NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of macrophages through mitochondrial damage by accelerating of the interaction between SCIMP and SYK pathway in acute lung injury. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:128:111537. PMID: 38232538 -
Toxicology
PM2.5 exposure exacerbates airway pyroptosis related inflammatory response in asthmatic mice by activating NLRP3 inflammasome. [Abstract]2025 Dec 18:521:154376. PMID: 41421518 -
Molecules
New Insight into the Concanavalin A-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocyte of an Animal Model: Possible Involvement of Caspase-Independent Pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jan 30;28(3):1312. PMID: 36770978 -
Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev
Enhanced B cell electroporation efficiency via inhibition of DNA-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis with pan-caspase inhibitor. [Abstract]2025 Jul 28;33(3):101542. PMID: 40821855 -
PLoS Pathog
Caspase-1-licensed pyroptosis drives dsRNA-mediated necroptosis and dampens host defense against bacterial pneumonia. [Abstract]2025 May 13;21(5):e1013167. PMID: 40359428 -
J Inflamm Res
Huiyang Shengji Unguent Promotes Lymphangiogenesis and Wound Healing in Diabetic Chronic Wounds: Combined Insights from Proteomics and in vivo and in vitro Analyses. [Abstract]2025 Sep 16:18:12883-12908. PMID: 40979499 -
Chem Res Toxicol
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Quinone Induces Caspase 1-Mediated Pyroptosis through Induction of Pro-inflammatory HMGB1-TLR4-NLRP3-GSDMD Signal Axis. [Abstract]2019 Jun 17;32(6):1051-1057. PMID: 30977640 -
Chem Res Toxicol
Atypical Gasdermin D and Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like Protein Leakage Aggravates Tetrachlorobenzoquinone-Induced Nod-like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome Activation. [Abstract]2018 Dec 17;31(12):1418-1425. PMID: 30378427
Ac-YVAD-cmk purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 Dec 17;31(12):1418-1425. [Abstract]
HUVEC cells are stimulated with TCBQ for 6 h, pre-treated with either 10 μM Z-VADFMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) or 10 μM AC-YVAD-CHO (caspase 1/4/5 inhibitor) for 1 h. Then caspase 1/4/5 and GSDMD expressions are detected by Western blotting analysis.
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mSphere
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa effector protein TesG regulates alternative activation of macrophages through NLRC5. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25;10(11):e0068125. PMID: 41170846 -
Viruses
H6N6 Avian Influenza Virus Infection Induced Pyroptosis of M1 Macrophages by Activating Caspase-1. [Abstract]2025 Nov 12;17(11):1492. PMID: 41305513 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
Modulation of lipid droplet biogenesis by p38 MAPK and caspase-1 in docosahexaenoic acid-induced EA.hy926 endothelial cell apoptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 22;1870(8):159683. PMID: 40850528 -
J Leukoc Biol
Recombinant GM-CSF enhances the bactericidal ability of PMNs by increasing intracellular IL-1β and improves the prognosis of secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in sepsis. [Abstract]2023 Oct 26;114(5):443-458. PMID: 37490847 -
Food Chem Toxicol
From animal to cell model: Pyroptosis targeted-fibrosis is a novel mechanism of lead-induced testicular toxicity. [Abstract]2023 Aug:178:113886. PMID: 37302539 -
BMC Cardiovasc Disord
AdipoRon ameliorates vascular endothelial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with suppression of the NLRP3-Caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis axis. [Abstract]2026 May 21. PMID: 42168864 -
Vet Sci
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Causes Mitochondrial DNA Release and the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Mediate Interleukin-1β Secretion. [Abstract]2024 Dec 12;11(12):643. PMID: 39728983 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Natural exosome-like nanovesicles from Smilax China rhizome induce mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via GPX4/ACSL4 axis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 12:800:153270. PMID: 41529459 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (184.85 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.84 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Wang F, et al. Alcohol accumulation promotes esophagitis via pyroptosis activation. Int J Biol Sci. 2018;14(10):1245-1255. Published 2018 Jul 13. [Content Brief]
[2]. Liang H, et al. Ac-YVAD-cmk improves neurological function by inhibiting caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in the intracerebral hemorrhage of rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;75:105771. [Content Brief]
[3]. Mathiak G, et al. Caspase-1-inhibitor ac-YVAD-cmk reduces LPS-lethality in rats without affecting haematology or cytokine responses. Br J Pharmacol. 2000;131(3):383-386. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.8485 mL | 9.2423 mL | 18.4846 mL | 46.2116 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3697 mL | 1.8485 mL | 3.6969 mL | 9.2423 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1848 mL | 0.9242 mL | 1.8485 mL | 4.6212 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1232 mL | 0.6162 mL | 1.2323 mL | 3.0808 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0924 mL | 0.4621 mL | 0.9242 mL | 2.3106 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0739 mL | 0.3697 mL | 0.7394 mL | 1.8485 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0616 mL | 0.3081 mL | 0.6162 mL | 1.5404 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0462 mL | 0.2311 mL | 0.4621 mL | 1.1553 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0370 mL | 0.1848 mL | 0.3697 mL | 0.9242 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0308 mL | 0.1540 mL | 0.3081 mL | 0.7702 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0231 mL | 0.1155 mL | 0.2311 mL | 0.5776 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0185 mL | 0.0924 mL | 0.1848 mL | 0.4621 mL |
Ac-YVAD-cmk Related Classifications
HY-16990 Related Classifications
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