Cat. No.: HY-N0096

Rotundine

(Synonyms: (-)-Tetrahydropalmatine; L-Tetrahydropalmatine)

1 Cited Publications

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC₅₀s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT_1A with an IC₅₀ of 370 nM.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.96%
CAS No.: 483-14-7
Formula: C₂₁H₂₅NO₄
Molecular Weight:355.43

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Rotundine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 483-14-7

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (1)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

5-HT_1A Receptor

D₁ Receptor

166 nM (IC₅₀)

D₂ Receptor

1400 nM (IC₅₀)

D₃ Receptor

3300 nM (IC₅₀)

5-HT_1A Receptor

370 nM (IC₅₀)

All 5-HT Receptor Isoforms :

All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
THP-1	IC₅₀	22.78 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of tissue factor procoagulant activity in LPS-stimulated human THP1 cells preincubated for 1 hr before LPS addition measured after 5 hrs Inhibition of tissue factor procoagulant activity in LPS-stimulated human THP1 cells preincubated for 1 hr before LPS addition measured after 5 hrs	[PMID: 23199480]

In Vivo

Rotundine (l-THP) possesses a blocking effect on dopamine D₁ and D2 receptors. On day 1 and 7, there is no difference in locomotor counts between the Rotundine groups (6.25, 12.5, and 18.75 mg/kg) and saline group. Locomotor counts are greatly increased in the oxycodone group compare with the saline group. Rotundine at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 18.75 mg/kg antagonizes hyperactivity induced by oxycodone. Rotundine (6.25, 12.5 mg/kg) does not affect the magnitude of sensitization, but there is a marked difference between oxycodone+oxycodone group and Rotundine (18.75 mg/kg)+oxycodone+oxycodone group, indicating that Rotundine (18.75 mg/kg) greatly inhibits the development of oxycodone sensitization^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 483-14-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 355.43
Formula C₂₁H₂₅NO₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

COC1=CC=C2C(CN3CCC4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4[C@]3([H])C2)=C1OC
Synonyms

(-)-Tetrahydropalmatine; L-Tetrahydropalmatine
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (1)

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RNA Biol

Comprehensive profiling and molecular characterization of alternative splicing regulation in synaptic remodelling associated with neuropathic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury in a rat model. [Abstract]

2026 May 15. PMID: 42137963

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMF : 100 mg/mL (281.35 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (281.35 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.8135 mL

14.0675 mL

28.1349 mL

5 mM

0.5627 mL

2.8135 mL

5.6270 mL

10 mM

0.2813 mL

1.4067 mL

2.8135 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Dilution Calculator

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Protocol

Animal Administration^[2]

Kunming mice, initially weighing 18 to 22 g are used in this study. Four groups of mice are given Rotundine (l-THP) (6.25, 12.5, and 18.75 mg/kg) or saline, respectively, once per day for 7 consecutive days, followed by a 5 d withdrawal period. On d 13, all animals are challenged with saline. On day 1, 7, and 13, after 40-min treatment with Rotundine or saline, the mice are put into the test boxes and locomotor activity is monitored for 60 min^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (275 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Wang JB, et al. l-tetrahydropalamatine: a potential new medication for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Future Med Chem. 2012 Feb;4(2):177-86. [Content Brief]

[2]. Liu YL, et al. Effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine on locomotor sensitization to oxycodone in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005 May;26(5):533-8. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMF / DMSO	1 mM	2.8135 mL	14.0675 mL	28.1349 mL	70.3373 mL
	5 mM	0.5627 mL	2.8135 mL	5.6270 mL	14.0675 mL
	10 mM	0.2813 mL	1.4067 mL	2.8135 mL	7.0337 mL
	15 mM	0.1876 mL	0.9378 mL	1.8757 mL	4.6892 mL
	20 mM	0.1407 mL	0.7034 mL	1.4067 mL	3.5169 mL
	25 mM	0.1125 mL	0.5627 mL	1.1254 mL	2.8135 mL
	30 mM	0.0938 mL	0.4689 mL	0.9378 mL	2.3446 mL
	40 mM	0.0703 mL	0.3517 mL	0.7034 mL	1.7584 mL
	50 mM	0.0563 mL	0.2813 mL	0.5627 mL	1.4067 mL
	60 mM	0.0469 mL	0.2345 mL	0.4689 mL	1.1723 mL
	80 mM	0.0352 mL	0.1758 mL	0.3517 mL	0.8792 mL
	100 mM	0.0281 mL	0.1407 mL	0.2813 mL	0.7034 mL

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Rotundine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Rotundine

All 5-HT Receptor Isoforms

All Dopamine Receptor Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (1)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Rotundine Related Classifications

HY-N0096 Related Classifications