Azelaic acid
Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 123-99-9
- Formula: C9H16O4
- Molecular Weight:188.22
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Storage:
Store at room temperature 3 years.
In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Azelaic acid
MoreAll Antibiotic Isoforms
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Azelaic acid (0.5 M; 48 h-7 D) has antimicrobial effect[3].
Azelaic acid (5 M; 24 h) decreases intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and increases antioxidant capacity[5].
Azelaic acid (1-100 mM, 24 h) suppresses B16, HMB2, and SK23 cell survival ability in a dose-dependent manner[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Concentration:0.5 M
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Incubation Time:Propionibacterium acnes for 48 h, Staphylococcus epidermidis for 7 D
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Result:Exhibited large reduction in viability (at least 40-fold) over 24 h.
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Cell Line:HL60, U937, THP-1, and AML-PC cells
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Concentration:5 M
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Exhibited markedly decreasing the intracellular ROS levels.
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Cell Line:B16, HMB2, and SK23, CHO
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Concentration:10-100 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Showed significantly reduce in the number of B16, HMB2, and SK23 comparing to CHO.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Human with rosacea for 12 weeks[4]
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Dosage:15% gel
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Administration:Smear
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Result:Showed excellent improvent in 78% of the patients with Azelaic acid.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 123-99-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 188.22
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Formula C9H16O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)=O
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Synonyms
Nonanedioic acid
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Structure Classification
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Store at room temperature 3 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (3)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Chin Med
Therapeutic potential of Sheng-Xian-Tang in doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure by regulation of phenylalanine metabolism disruption. [Abstract]2026 Jan 12;21(1):29. PMID: 41527105 -
J Biomed Mater Res A
A ROS-Responsive Hydrogel Microneedle System Co-Delivering Tofacitinib and Azelaic Acid for Enhanced Targeted Therapy of Rosacea. [Abstract]2026 Feb;114(2):e70035. PMID: 41586451 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (531.29 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 2 mg/mL (10.63 mM; Need ultrasonic)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.28 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.28 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (274 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Jung HW, et al. Priming in systemic plant immunity. Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):89-91. [Content Brief]
[2]. Liu RH, et al. Azelaic acid in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Dermatol. 2006 Aug;142(8):1047-52. [Content Brief]
[3]. J P Leeming, et al. The in vitro antimicrobial effect of azelaic acid. Br J Dermatol. 1986 Nov;115(5):551-6. [Content Brief]
[4]. Harald Gollnick, et al. Azelaic acid 15% gel in the treatment of rosacea. [Content Brief]
[5]. Dongdong Zhang, et al. Azelaic Acid Exerts Antileukemia Effects against Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Regulating the Prdxs/ROS Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Dec 23:2020:1295984. [Content Brief]
[6]. L Lemic-Stojcevic, et al. Dongdong Zhang, et al. Effect of azelaic acid on melanoma cells in culture. Exp Dermatol. 1995 Apr;4(2):79-81. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 5.3129 mL | 26.5647 mL | 53.1293 mL | 132.8233 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0626 mL | 5.3129 mL | 10.6259 mL | 26.5647 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5313 mL | 2.6565 mL | 5.3129 mL | 13.2823 mL | |
| DMSO | 15 mM | 0.3542 mL | 1.7710 mL | 3.5420 mL | 8.8549 mL |
| 20 mM | 0.2656 mL | 1.3282 mL | 2.6565 mL | 6.6412 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2125 mL | 1.0626 mL | 2.1252 mL | 5.3129 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1771 mL | 0.8855 mL | 1.7710 mL | 4.4274 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1328 mL | 0.6641 mL | 1.3282 mL | 3.3206 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1063 mL | 0.5313 mL | 1.0626 mL | 2.6565 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0885 mL | 0.4427 mL | 0.8855 mL | 2.2137 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0664 mL | 0.3321 mL | 0.6641 mL | 1.6603 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0531 mL | 0.2656 mL | 0.5313 mL | 1.3282 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Azelaic acid Related Classifications
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