2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Endogenous metabolites refer to the collective set of small-molecule chemical substances present within organelles, cells, organs, biological fluids, or entire organisms; their molecular weights are typically less than 1500 Da. These endogenous metabolites—including lipids, amino acids, short peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids—not only participate in signal transduction governing genomic function but also receive upstream signals from the environment, thereby bridging the interrelationships among genotype, environment, and phenotype. Based on their biological functions, microbial endogenous metabolites can be broadly classified into two categories: primary metabolites and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are the core molecules essential for supporting microbial growth and proliferation; they serve to provide energy to the microbes or act as precursors and cofactors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. In contrast, microbial secondary metabolites are a class of low-molecular-weight products that are not strictly essential for microbial growth. Nevertheless, microbial secondary metabolites include numerous substances—such as antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, and cholesterol-lowering agents—that are of critical importance to human health[1][2][3]. Furthermore, the metabolome of a biological organism is influenced by a variety of endogenous factors, including age, sex, body composition, genetic background, and underlying pathological states. The small-molecule metabolites within an organism are diverse and highly distinct; their levels are typically subject to the synergistic regulation of a vast array of enzymes and transport proteins, undergoing processes of synthesis, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalized distribution. Metabolomics research based on endogenous metabolites has been widely applied in the fields of metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases, where these metabolites hold potential utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets[1][2][3].

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Specific Products:

Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-A0181
    Adenosine monophosphate
    		99.80%
    Adenosine monophosphate is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist. Adenosine monophosphate has significant antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Adenosine monophosphate is a key cellular metabolite regulating energy homeostasis and signal transduction.
    Adenosine monophosphate
  • HY-W015913
    Pyruvic acid sodium
    		99.86%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Pyruvic acid sodium
  • HY-B0332
    Menadione
    		99.82%
    Menadione is a naphthoquinone that is converted into active vitamin K2 in the body. Menadione is a potential anticancer agent and radiosensitizer.
    Menadione
  • HY-101193
    Zinc Protoporphyrin
    		99.87%
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor. Zinc Protoporphyrin regulates expression of HO-1 at the transcriptional level. The effect of Zinc Protoporphyrin on HO-1 expression is controversial.  It was shown to induce HO-1 expression in some cells, but suppress it in others. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in vivo. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
    Zinc Protoporphyrin
  • HY-W011873
    Palmitoleic acid
    		99.89%
    Palmitoleic acid, a composition of fatty acid, is implicated in the prevention of death from cerebrovascular disorders in SHRSP rats.
    Palmitoleic acid
  • HY-17551
    NMDA
    		99.73%
    NMDA is a specific agonist for NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.
    NMDA
  • HY-N0390S1
    L-Glutamine-13C5
    		99.93%
    L-Glutamine-13C5 is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na+-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.
    L-Glutamine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-B0710
    Betaine
    		99.97%
    Betaine (Trimethylglycine) is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns[1,2]. Betaine is found ubiquitously in plants, animals, microorganisms, and rich dietary sources including seafood, spinach, and wheat bran. Betaine also acts as an osmolyte, to maintain the avian’s cellular water and ion balance to improve the avian’s capacity against heat stress via preventing dehydration and osmotic inactivation. It helps in maintaining the protective osmolytic activity, especially in heat-stressed birds. Betaine may promote various intestinal microbes against osmotic variations and thus improve microbial fermentation activity.
    Betaine
  • HY-100564A
    2',3'-cGAMP sodium
    		99.89%
    2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a endogenous cGAMP in mammalian cells. 2',3'-cGAMP sodium binds to STING with a high affinity and is a potent inducer of interferon-β (IFNβ). 2',3'-cGAMP sodium is produced in mammalian cells in response to DNA in the cytoplasm.
    2',3'-cGAMP sodium
  • HY-B0469
    Medroxyprogesterone acetate
    		99.88%
    Medroxyprogesterone acetate is a widely used synthetic steroid by its interaction with progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors.
    Medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • HY-N0111
    Coenzyme Q10
    		99.75%
    Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10
  • HY-113596
    Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium
    		99.22%
    Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.
    Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium
  • HY-N0148
    Rutin
    		98.09%
    Rutin (Rutoside) is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin is also a CBR1 inhibitor, which can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.
    Rutin
  • HY-128851
    Coenzyme A
    Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor, which is an acyl group carrier and carbonyl-activating group for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a central role in the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle and the metabolism of carboxylic acids, including short- and long-chain fatty acids.
    Coenzyme A
  • HY-W013636
    2-Ketoglutaric acid
    		99.68%
    2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM).
    2-Ketoglutaric acid
  • HY-N0092
    Inosine
    		99.94%
    Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors.
    Inosine
  • HY-16938
    5'-Methylthioadenosine
    		99.75%
    5'-Methylthioadenosine (5'-(Methylthio)-5'-deoxyadenosine) is a nucleoside generated from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) during polyamine synthesis. 5'-Methylthioadenosine suppresses tumors by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and the induction of apoptosis while controlling the inflammatory micro-environments of tumor tissue. 5'-Methylthioadenosine and its associated materials have striking regulatory effects on tumorigenesis.
    5'-Methylthioadenosine
  • HY-17571
    Oxytocin
    		99.87%
    Oxytocin (α-Hypophamine; Oxytocic hormone) is a pleiotropic, hypothalamic peptide known for facilitating parturition, lactation, and prosocial behaviors. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma.
    Oxytocin
  • HY-N0650
    L-Serine
    		99.95%
    L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.
    L-Serine
  • HY-103701
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate
    L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation.
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Endogenous Metabolite Isoform Comparison

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