2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-D0190
    2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    2-Theoyltrifluoroacetone is a chelating agent and mitochondrial electron transfer chain inhibitor, with a IC50 value of 51.5 μM. 2-Thermoyltrifluoroacetone can chelate with various metal ions and has cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity, which is expected to play an important role in the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases.
    2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone
  • HY-N0703
    Schaftoside
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Schaftoside is a flavonoid found in a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Eleusine indica. Schaftoside inhibits the expression of TLR4 and Myd88. Schaftoside also decreases Drp1 expression and phosphorylation, and reduces mitochondrial fission.
    Schaftoside
  • HY-16772
    EPI-743
    		98.06%
    EPI-743 (Vatiquinone; α-Tocotrienol quinone; PTC-743; NCT04378075) is a potent cellular oxidative stress protectant, inhibits ferroptosis in cells, which could be used for the study for mitochondrial diseases. EPI-743 is a synthetic analog of vitamin E with oral activity, targets repletion of reduced intracellular glutathione.
    EPI-743
  • HY-134238
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium
    		99.0%
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid that can be extracted from Bovine hear. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can maintain mitochondrial function, regulate cellular metabolism and signaling and induce apoptosis and autophagy. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be coated on microtitre plates for ELISA assay. Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium can be used for the researches of inflammation, immunology, cardiovascular and neurological disease.
    Cardiolipin (Heart, Bovine) sodium
  • HY-111475
    Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1
    		Modulator 99.95%
    Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 is a mitochondrial dynamic modulator. Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 preserves the mitochondrial function and promotes cellular respiration. Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 alleviates cardiac and brain damage in rats with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1
  • HY-B1836
    Meldonium
    		Activator 99.89%
    Meldonium (MET-88) functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Meldonium exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor.
    Meldonium
  • HY-153040
    HPPE
    		Inhibitor 99.71%
    HPPE (compound 236) is an orally active, potential Bach1 inhibitor. Bach1 is a transcription factor of the cap'n'collar type alkaline region leucine zipper factor family (CNC-bZip) that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and reduces glucose utilization. HPPE can be used for research in psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and COPD.
    HPPE
  • HY-B0356B
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate
  • HY-142035
    N-Propargylglycine
    		99.70%
    N-Propargylglycine is a brain-penetrant and orally active PRODH inhibitor. N-Propargylglycine covalently modifies enzyme-bound FAD and active site lysine, causing enzyme structural distortion, protein decay, and irreversible inhibition of proline and 4-hydroxyproline catabolism. N-Propargylglycine induces UPRmt, upregulates mitochondrial chaperones and YME1L1, enhances mitochondrial proteostasis, blocks astrocytic L-proline consumption, and abolishes L-proline’s ATP-maintaining and viability-protective effects. N-Propargylglycine stimulates neural processes, increases brain proline, hydroxyproline, and sarcosine levels, partially normalizes Huntington’s disease whole brain transcriptomes. N-Propargylglycine reduces hyperoxaluria, prevents calcium oxalate stone formation, reduces kidney tubular damage, and restores weight and survival in Grhpr knockout mice. N-Propargylglycine can be used for the research of breast cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington’s disease, and primary hyperoxaluria type 2.
    N-Propargylglycine
  • HY-N1502
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
  • HY-110282
    S3QEL-2
    		Inhibitor 99.62%
    S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC50=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation.
    S3QEL-2
  • HY-D0713
    7ACC2
    		99.95%
    7ACC2 is a potent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor with an IC50 of 11 nM for inhibition of [14C]-lactate influx. 7ACC2 is also a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial pyruvate transport. 7ACC2 is an anticancer agent through inhibition of lactate flux.
    7ACC2
  • HY-111651
    Gboxin
    		98.23%
    Gboxin is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Gboxin inhibits the activity of F0F1 ATP synthase. Antitumour activity.
    Gboxin
  • HY-D0885B
    Phosphocreatine disodium
    		Activator 98.0%
    Phosphocreatine (disodium) is an organic compound found in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Phosphocreatine (disodium) enhances antioxidant activity, and activates the TAK1 pathway to protect the heart. Phosphocreatine (disodium) normalizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress via Akt mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine (disodium) provides renal protection by suppressing Apoptosis and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation through ERK mediated mediated Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway..
    Phosphocreatine disodium
  • HY-W015114
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium
    		99.12%
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium can inhibit histone demethylases and hence promote histone methylation. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid inhibits mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) activity with Km and Ki of 2.52 mM and 11.13 mM, respectively.
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium
  • HY-16397
    Phenformin
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    Phenformin (Phenethylbiguanide) is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.
    Phenformin
  • HY-18705
    Azoramide
    		Inhibitor 99.57%
    Azoramide is a potent, orally active small-molecule modulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Azoramide improves ER protein folding and elevates ER chaperone capacity, which together protects cells against ER stress. Azoramide alleviates PLA2G6 mutant-induced ER stress through modulating unfolded protein response, and enhances the CERB signaling to rescue mitochondrial function, thereby preventing apoptosis of DA neurons. Azoramide has antidiabetic activity.
    Azoramide
  • HY-112037A
    IACS-010759 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.66%
    IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research.
    IACS-010759 hydrochloride
  • HY-100852
    ER-000444793
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    ER-000444793 is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. ER-000444793 inhibits mPTP with an IC50 of 2.8 μM.
    ER-000444793
  • HY-126358
    Acetylcarnitine
    		Modulator 98.0%
    Acetylcarnitine is a CNS-penetrant endogenous metabolite. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetylcarnitine attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Acetylcarnitine can be used for fatigue-associated diseases research. Acetylcarnitine can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Acetylcarnitine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity