ADP-β-S trilithium
Based on 1 Customer Validation
ADP-β-S (Adenosine 5'-(β-thiodiphosphate)) trilithium is a non-hydrolyzable ADP analog and a P2Y12 receptor agonist. ADP-β-S trilithium activates the P2Y12 receptor in microglia, thereby triggering downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. ADP-β-S trilithium activates P2Y purinergic receptors in rat pancreatic β cells and enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion. ADP-β-S trilithium can be used in the research of diseases such as inflammation and diabetes.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 95.90%
- CAS No.: 73536-95-5
- Formula: C10H12Li3N5O9P2S
- Molecular Weight:461.07
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Storage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
P2Y12 Receptor |
IL-6 |
IL-1β |
Caspase-1 |
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| PC-12 | IC50 |
20 μM
Compound: 5
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Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced reactive oxygen species formation after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorometric analysis
Antioxidant activity in rat PC12 cells assessed as inhibition of Fe2+-induced reactive oxygen species formation after 1 hr by DCFH-DA dye-based fluorometric analysis
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[PMID: 26447940] |
In Vitro
ADP-β-S (0.2-2 mM; 30 min) trilithium enhances IL-1β production in primary cultured murine microglia via the P2Y12 receptor, with significant effects observed at 0.2 mM and 2 mM concentrations when paired with LPS or LPS plus ATP stimulation[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 30 min) trilithium enhances LPS plus ATP-induced IL-1β production in wild-type MG6 murine microglial cells, but not in P2ry12 KO MG6 cells, confirming dependence on the P2Y12 receptor[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 24 h) trilithium enhances LPS-induced IL-6 production in MG6 murine microglial cells via the P2Y12 receptor[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 24 h) trilithium enhances LPS-induced IL-6 production in primary cultured murine microglia via the P2Y12 receptor[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 24 h) trilithium enhances LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type MG6 murine microglial cells, but not in P2ry12 KO MG6 cells, confirming dependence on the P2Y12 receptor[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 24 h) trilithium potentiates LPS-induced NF-κB activation, including nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, in MG6 murine microglial cells[1].
ADP-β-S (trilithium) (0.2-2 mM; 30 min) activates caspase-1 at 2 mM and enhances LPS plus ATP-induced caspase-1 activation at 0.2 mM in MG6 murine microglial cells[1].
ADP-β-S (0.2 mM; 30 min) trilithium enhances LPS plus ATP-induced mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in MG6 murine microglial cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:primary cultured murine microglia
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Concentration:0.2 mM, 2 mM
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Incubation Time:30 min
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Result:Induced significant IL-1β release when paired with LPS at 2 mM, which was partially blocked by PSB0739.
Induced modest but significant IL-1β release when paired with LPS at 0.2 mM.
Significantly augmented ATP-induced IL-1β production when added alongside LPS plus 1 or 2 mM ATP at 0.2 mM, and this augmentation was suppressed by PSB0739.
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Cell Line:wild-type and P2ry12 KO MG6 immortalized murine microglial cells
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Concentration:0.2 mM
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Incubation Time:30 min
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Result:Significantly increased IL-1β production in wild-type MG6 cells stimulated with LPS plus ATP.
Had no effect on IL-1β production in P2ry12 KO MG6 cells under the same conditions.
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Cell Line:MG6 immortalized murine microglial cells
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Concentration:0.2 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly increased LPS-induced IL-6 production in MG6 cells, and this increase was abrogated by the P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB0739.
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Cell Line:primary cultured murine microglia
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Concentration:0.2 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly increased LPS-induced IL-6 production in primary microglia, and this increase was reduced by the P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB0739.
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Cell Line:wild-type and P2ry12 KO MG6 immortalized murine microglial cells
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Concentration:0.2 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly increased LPS-induced IL-6 production in wild-type MG6 cells.
Had no effect on IL-6 production in P2ry12 KO MG6 cells under the same conditions.
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Cell Line:MG6 immortalized murine microglial cells
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Concentration:0.2 mM, 2 mM
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Incubation Time:30 min
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Result:Activated caspase-1 when paired with LPS at 2 mM, as shown by presence of cleaved caspase-1 in culture supernatants.
Strongly enhanced caspase-1 activation when paired with LPS plus 1 mM ATP at 0.2 mM compared to LPS plus ATP alone.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 73536-95-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 461.07
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Formula C10H12Li3N5O9P2S
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](N2C=NC3=C(N=CN=C32)N)O[C@@H]1COP(OP(O[Li])(S[Li])=O)(O[Li])=O
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Synonyms
Adenosine 5'-β-thiodiphosphate trilithium
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
H2O : 20 mg/mL (43.38 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocols
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Research Protocol for Endocrine Diseases
Endocrine diseases often arise from disrupted hormone production, hormone signaling, or target-tissue responsiveness; for diabetes-focused endocrine disease models, insulin signaling regulates glucose uptake, hepatic glucose output, lipid metabolism, and β-cell compensation. Type 2 diabetes develops through interacting defects in insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, adipose inflammation, hepatic glucose overproduction, altered incretin signaling, and ectopic lipid metabolism. A major unresolved question is whether endocrine dysfunction is driven primarily by target-tissue insulin resistance, intrinsic β-cell failure, immune/inflammatory stress, or combined multi-organ failure that differs by disease stage.
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Human Islet Cell Culture
The method of preserving islets in vitro, with purified reduced immunogenicity. The steps are islet isolation, islet cell purification, in vitro determination of islet function and islet cell culture.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Research Protocol for Metabolic Diseases
AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is a conserved cellular energy sensor that responds to reduced cellular energy status and coordinates metabolism by increasing ATP-generating catabolic pathways while suppressing ATP-consuming anabolic processes. In metabolic disease research, the AMPK pathway is experimentally relevant because it regulates hepatic lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose production, skeletal-muscle glucose disposal, mTORC1-linked biosynthesis, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and whole-body energy balance. The central pathway logic is that energy stress, metformin, exercise-like stimulation, or direct AMPK activators increase AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation and downstream substrate phosphorylation, including ACC and RAPTOR. Phosphorylation of ACC suppresses lipogenesis and supports fatty acid oxidation, whereas phosphorylation of RAPTOR suppresses mTORC1 signaling and links cellular energy status to growth and protein synthesis control. The pathway is linked
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (282 KB)
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SDS (557 KB)
- English - EN (557 KB)
- Français - FR (557 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (557 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (557 KB)
- Español - ES (557 KB)
- Swedish - SV (557 KB)
- Italian - IT (557 KB)
- Korean - KR (557 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (557 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Suzuki T, et al. Extracellular ADP augments microglial inflammasome and NF-κB activation via the P2Y12 receptor. Eur J Immunol. 2020;50(2):205-219. [Content Brief]
[2]. Bertrand G, et al. Adenosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) is a potent agonist at P2 purinoceptors mediating insulin secretion from perfused rat pancreas. Br J Pharmacol. 1991;102(3):627-630. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 2.1689 mL | 10.8443 mL | 21.6887 mL | 54.2217 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4338 mL | 2.1689 mL | 4.3377 mL | 10.8443 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2169 mL | 1.0844 mL | 2.1689 mL | 5.4222 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1446 mL | 0.7230 mL | 1.4459 mL | 3.6148 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1084 mL | 0.5422 mL | 1.0844 mL | 2.7111 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0868 mL | 0.4338 mL | 0.8675 mL | 2.1689 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0723 mL | 0.3615 mL | 0.7230 mL | 1.8074 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0542 mL | 0.2711 mL | 0.5422 mL | 1.3555 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
ADP-β-S trilithium Related Classifications
HY-134353B Related Classifications
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